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Matière : Mathématiques
Professeur : Yahya MATIOUI

Correction
Exercice 1 Calculons les limites :
3x2 2x 1
lim x 1
= " 00 " (F.I)
x !1

3x2 2x 1 (3x + 1) (x 1)
lim = lim = lim 3x + 1 = 3 1+1=4
x !1 x 1 x !1 x 1 x !1

x4 2x3 +x2 +x 1
lim x2 +x 2
= " 00 " (F.I)
x !1

x4 2x3 + x2 + x 1 (x 1) (x3 x2 + 1) x3 x2 + 1 1+1+1 1

lim = lim = lim = =
x !1 x2 + x 2 x !1 (x + 2) (x 1) x !1 x+2 1+2 3
p p
4 x 4+x
lim x
= " 00 " (F.I)
x !0
p p p p p p
4 x 4+x 4 x 4+x 4 x+ 4+x
lim = lim p p
x !0 x x !0 x 4 x+ 4+x
(4 x) (4 + x)
= lim p p
x !0 x 4 x+ 4+x
2x
= lim p p
x !0 x 4 x+ 4+x
2 2 1
= lim p p =p p =
x !0 4 x+ 4+x 4 0+ 4+0 2
p
x+1 1
lim 2 = " 00 " (F.I)
x !0 x x
p p p
x+1 1 x+1 1 x+1+1
lim = lim p
x !0 x2 x x !0 x (x 1) x + 1 + 1
(x + 1) 1
= lim p
x !0 x (x 1) x + 1 + 1
x
= lim p
x !0 x (x 1) x + 1 + 1
1 1 1
= lim p = p =
x !0 (x 1) x + 1 + 1 (0 1) 0 + 1 + 1 2

Exercice 2 Calculons les limites :

1
 2n n
lim x2 4 = " 00 " (F.I)
x !2 x 3x+2
En utilisant l’identité remarquable suivante :

X
n 1
an bn = (a b) an 1
+ an 2 b + ::: + abn 2
+ bn 1
= (a b) an 1 k k
b
k=0

Donc :
n
x2n 4n (x2 ) 4n
lim = lim
x !2 x2 3x + 2 x !2 (x 1) (x 2)
X
n 1
n 1 k
2
(x 4) (x2 ) 4k
k=0
= lim
x !2 (x 1) (x 2)
X
n 1
n 1 k
(x 2) (x + 2) (x2 ) 4k
k=0
= lim
x !2 (x 1) (x 2)
X
n 1
n 1 k
(x + 2) (x2 ) 4k
k=0
= lim
x !2 x 1
X
n 1 X
n 1
= 4 4n 1 k k
4 = 4n 1 = 4n (n 1 + 1) = 4n n
k=0 k=0

p p
x+1+ x+4 3
lim x
= " 00 " (F:I)
x !0

p p p p
x+1+ x+4 3 x+1
1+ x+4 2
lim = lim
x !0 x x !0
p x p
x+1 1 x+4 2
= lim +
p x p x
x !0
p p
x+1 1 x+1+1 x+4 2 x+4+2
= lim p + p
x !0 x x+1+1 x x+4+2
(x + 1) 1 x+4 4
= lim p + p
x !0 x x+1+1 x x+4+2
x x
= lim p + p
x !0 x x+1+1 x x+4+2
1 1
= lim p +p
x !0 x+1+1 x+4+2
1 1 1 1 3
= p +p = + =
0+1+1 0+4+2 2 4 4

2
 p
6+x 3
lim x 2 x 6 = " 00 " (F:I)
x !3
p p p
6+x 3 6+x 3 6+x+3
lim 2 = lim p
x !3 x x 6 x !3 (x + 2) (x 3) 6 + x + 3
(6 + x) 9
= lim p
x !3 (x + 2) (x 3) 6 + x + 3
x 3
= lim p
x !3 (x + 2) (x 3) 6 + x + 3
1 1
= p =
(3 + 2) 6 + 3 + 3 30

1 x2 E ( x1 )
lim 1
x !0 1+x2 E ( x )
1 1 1
On sait que tout x de R ; on a : x
1 E x x
: Ce qui équivaut à :
1 1 1
x2 1 x2 E x2
x x x
1
() x x2 x2 E x
x
1
comme lim x x2 = lim x = 0: Donc : lim x2 E x
= 0: Ceci signi…e que :
x !0 x !0 x !0
1
1 x2 E x
lim 1
=1
x !0 1 + x2 E
x

Exercice 3 Calculons les limites :

p p p
lim x+ x x = " + 1 1" (F:I)
x !+1
p p p p p p
q x+ x x x+ x+ x
p p
lim x+ x x = lim p p p
x !+1 x !+1
x+ x+ x
p
(x + x) x
= lim p p p
x !+1 x+ x+ x
p
x
= lim p p p
x !+1 x+ x+ x
p
x
= lim p q p p
x !+1
x 1 + xx + x
p
x
= lim p q
x !+1
x 1 + p1x + 1
1 1
= lim q =
x !+1
1+ p1 +1 2
x

3
 p
lim 3x 1+ 9x2 + 3x 2=" 1 + 1" (F:I)
x ! 1
p p
p 3x 1+ 9x2 + 3x 2 3x 1 9x2 + 3x 2
lim 3x 1+ 9x2 + 3x 2 = lim p
x ! 1 x ! 1 3x 1 9x2 + 3x 2
2
(3x 1) (9x2 + 3x 2)
= lim p
x ! 1 3x 1 9x2 + 3x 2
9x2 6x + 1 9x2 3x + 2
= lim p
x ! 1 3x 1 9x2 + 3x 2
9x + 3
= lim p
x ! 1 3x 1 9x2 + 3x 2
x 9 + x3
= lim q
x ! 1 1
x 3 x
+ 9 + x3 x22
9+ 3 3
= lim q x =
x ! 1
3 1
+ 9+ 3 2 2
x x x2

p
lim x + 2 x2 x+6= "+1 1" (F:I)
x !+1
p p
p x+2 x2
x + 6 x + 2 + x2 x+6
lim x + 2 x2 x+6 = lim p
x !+1 x !+1 x + 2 + x2 x + 6
(x + 2)2 (x2 x + 6)
= lim p
x !+1 x + 2 + x2 x + 6
x + 4x + 4 x2 + x 6
2
= lim p
x !+1 x + 2 + x2 x + 6
5x 2
= lim p
x !+1 x + 2 + x2 x + 6
x 5 x2
= lim q
x !+1
x 1 + x2 + 1 x1 + x62
5 x2
= lim q
x !+1 2 1 6
1+ x
+ 1 x
+ x2
5
=
2

Exercice 4 Calculons les limites suivantes :

p
2 cos x 2
lim x 4
= " 00 " (F.I)
x !4

4
 On pose : x = X, si x tend vers 4 ; alors X tend vers 0: On obtient :
4
p p
2 cos x 2 2 cos 4 + X 2
lim = lim
x !4 x 4 X !0 X
p
2 cos 4 cos X sin 4 sin X 2
= lim
p X
X !0
p p
2 cos X 2 sin X 2
= lim
X !0
p X p
2 (1 cos X) 2 sin X
= lim
X !0 X
p 1 cos X p sin X
= lim 2 X 2
X !0 X2 X
p 1 p p
= 2 0 2 1= 2
2

lim sin( x) = " 00 " (F.I)

x !1 x 1
On pose : x 1 = X, si x tend vers 1 alors X tend vers 0: On obtient :

sin ( x) sin ( (X + 1))

lim = lim
x !1 x 1 X !0 X
sin ( X + )
= lim
X !0 X
sin X
= lim , sin ( + x) = sin x
X !0 X
sin X
= lim
X !0 X
=
p
1 p2 cos x
lim 1 2 sin x
= " 00 " (F:I)
x !4

p p p
2
1 2 cos x 2 2
cos x
lim p = lim p p
x !4 1 2 sin x x !4 2
2 2
sin x
cos 4
cos x
= lim
x ! 4 sin sin x
4
+x x
2 sin 4
2
sin 4
2
= lim x +x
x !4
2 sin 4
2
cos 4
2

sin 8
+ x2
= lim
x !4 cos 8
+ x2
x
= lim tan + = tan + = tan = 1
x !4 8 2 8 8 4

5
 x cos
p x+sin x
lim x+1 1
= " 00 " (F.I)
x !0
p
x cos x + sin x x cos x + sinx x x+1+1
lim p = lim p p
x !0 x+1 1 x !0 x+1 1 x+1+1
p
x cos x + sinx x x+1+1
= lim
x !0 x
sin x p
= lim cos x + x+1+1 =4
x !0 x

Exercice 5 Soit n 2 N , on considère la fonction numérique fn dé…nie par :

n sin x sin2 x sin3 x ::: sinn x

fn (x) =
1 sin2 x
1. On cherche Df :
Df = x 2 R= 1 sin2 x 6= 0

On résout dans R l’équation suivante : 1 sin2 x = 0

1 sin2 x = 0 () (1 + sin x) (1 sin x) = 0

() sin x = 1 ou sin x = 1
() x= + 2k ou x = + 2k =k2Z
2 2

Donc :

Df = x 2 R= x 6= + 2k et x 6= + 2k = k 2 Z
2 2

= Rn + 2k ; + 2k = k 2 Z
2 2

1 sink x
2. Monrons que : lim 1 sin2 x
x !2

kP1
k (1 sin x) 1k 1 i
(sin x)i
1 sin x i=0
lim = lim
x !2 1 sin2 x x !2 (1 sin x) (1 + sin x)
kP1
(sin x)i
i=0
= lim
x !2 (1 + sin x)
kP1
1i
i=0 k 1 0+1 k
= = =
2 2 2

3.

6
 n sin x sin2 x sin3 x ::: sinn x
lim fn (x) = lim
x !2 x !2 1 sin2 x
P
n
n sink x
k=1
= lim
x !2 sin2 x
1
P
n
n+ 1 sink x 1
k=1
= lim
x !2 1 sin2 x
P
n P
n
n+ 1 sink x 1
k=1 k=1
= lim
x !2 1 sin2 x
P
n
1 sink x
k=1
= lim
x !2 sin2 x
1
P
n1 sink x
= lim
x ! 2 k=1 1 sin2 x
1P n n (n + 1)
= k=
2 k=1 4

FIN

Pr : Yahya MATIOUI

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