ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED

CONSTRUCTION OF COMMERCIAL-RESIDENTIAL STOREY BUILDING ON PLOT

NO. 18 BLOCK NUMBER 74, AT AGGREY STREET, KARIAKOO WARD, DAR ES
SALAAM CITY COUNCIL IN DAR ES SALAAM REGION

SUBMITTED TO:
National Environment Management Council (NEMC) - Head Quarter Office 35 Regent Street
P.O Box 63154 11404 Dar es Salaam- Tanzania.
Telephone: +255 22 2774889 Direct line: +255 22 2774852
Mobile: 0713 608930 Fax: +255 22 2774901
E-mail: dg@nemc.or.tz Website: www.nemc.or.tz

PROPONENT
Khadija Khalili, Hawa Melito, Medina K. Mellito, and Mariam K. Mellito
P.O Box, 25617,
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Mobile: +255
E-mail: madina.m@gmail.com

EIA EXPERT
SPHERE ENVIROTECH AND ENGINEERING
(T) LTD
P.O Box
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Mobile: +255 764 52 47 99
E-mail: sphere.envirotech@gmail.com

Submission Date: 25th August 2022

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for the proposed project was carried out by
SPHERE Envirotech and Engineering (T) Limited on behalf of the proponent (Khadija Khalili,
Hawa Melito, Medina K. Mellito, and Mariam K. Mellito). The Consultant acknowledges with
thanks the collective and individual contributions from a range of stakeholders involved in the
preparation of this EIA report. Special thanks are extended to the proponent of for entrusting
SPHERE Envirotech and Engineering (T) Limited for this assignment.
Also, the consultant on behalf of the proponent would like to express special thanks and
appreciation to the Dar es salaam City Council officials, Kariakoo Ward, Aggrey street, OSHA,
Fire and Rescue Force, and the surrounding community for their readily cooperation during
stakeholders’ consultation.
The consultant also extents gratitude to all others participated in the project in one way or other
and of which have not been mentioned here, we earnestly recognize and appreciate their efforts
and support while carrying out this EIA study.

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 STUDY TEAM

LIST OF REGISTRED EXPERTS WHO CONDUCTED THE STUDY

NAME POSITION SIGNATURE

1.Eng.Alexander Marwa Environmental Engineer and

Team Leader

2.Christina Reuben Buseghwa Environmental expert

LIST OF NON- REGISTERED EXPERTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE EIA STUDY:

Daniel Deus - Environmental Scientist

Scholastica Ishengoma - Environmental Scientist
Andrew Chaula - Environmental Scientist
Joseph M. Kamalamo - Environmental Scientist
Eliza Magagi - Environmental Scientist

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

01. INTRODUCTION
Khadija Khaili, Hawa Melito, Madina K. Mellito, and Mariam K. Mellito (herein referred to as
Proponents) of P.O. Box 25617, Dar es salaam, are local entrepreneurs in Tanzania with intent to
establish a seven-storey commercial-residential structure on plot number 18, block number 74, at
Aggrey street, Kariakoo ward, Dar es salaam city council in Dar es salaam region.
The proponent was registered by Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) as a tax payer and issued a
certificate of registration for a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN): 106-358-699 as seen in
appendix I.
Total area for the proposed project is 322.55m2 which is legally owned by the proponents through
a transferred certificate of occupancy with title number 145320 as indicated in certificate of
occupancy in Appendix II of the EIS. The proposed project of establishing commercial-residential
building is compatible with the planned land use specified in the title deed whereby the land has
been planned for Commercial and residential purposes only. Use Group ‘A’ and use class(a) and
(c) as defined in the Town and Country planning use classes Regulation, 1960 as amended in 1993.
The proposed commercial- residential building will comprise of seven floors where by ground
floor will comprise of four stores and six parking lots, the remaining floors (from the first to the
sixth) will comprise two bed rooms, a master bed room, and a dining and sitting room per floor.

According to the Third Schedule of Environmental Management Act, 2004 Cap 191 reading
together with the First Schedule of the Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations
of 2005 (and its amendments of 2018), the proposed project falls under a list of projects which
require full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study prior to its commencement. In order
to comply with legal requirement, Khadija Khaili, Hawa Melito, Madina K. Mellito, and Mariam
K. Mellito (Proponents) commissioned Sphere Enviro-Tech and Engineering Company Limited a
Registered Environmental Consultancy company to conduct EIA for the proposed project.

02.PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project area is administratively located at Aggrey Street in Kariakoo ward, within Dar es
salaam city council in Dar es salaam region. It lies within geographical coordinates of -6.820320
latitude and 39.279073 longitude at an elevation level of 16 meters above the mean sea level.

iii
The project site is accessed through tarmac road of Lumumba Street that adjoin Morogoro road.
The project area is about 1.5 km from Dar es salaam city center. The building is on the right-hand
side of the Lumumba Street tarmac road heading from Morogoro road to Dar es salaam city
council.
The project area is bordered with commercial-residential story buildings on the Western and
Eastern at a distance of 2 meters each, residential story building on the Northern at a distance of 5
meters, and Aggrey street tarmac road on the Southern at a distance of 3 meters.
The project site is located on a planned area and the existing land use matches the planned land
use of the area which is commercial-residential uses. The existing land uses of the adjacent areas
on the Western, Northern and Eastern matches the existing and planned land uses of the area which
is commercial- residential. Also, on the Southern of the project area the existing land use matches
the planned land use on that area which is road reserve.

03. POLICY, ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

The following are relevant legislation, policies and standards that have been reviewed in this
study: -

Relevant national policies

• National Environmental Action plan (1994)

• National Environmental Policy, NEP (1997)
• The National Land Policy (1995 - Second Edition 1997)
• The National Water Policy (2002)
• The Transport Policy (2002)
• Construction Industry Policy (2003)
• National Policy on HIV/AIDS (2001)
• National Mineral Policy (1998)
• The National health policy, (URT, 1990)
• The National employment policy (URT, 1997)
• National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000
• The Tanzania Development Vision 2025
• National Gender Policy, (2000)

iv
Legal framework

• Environmental Management Act (EMA) N0. 20 Cap. 191, 2004

• The Land Acquisition Act, Cap.118 R.E.2002
• Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority Act, 2001
• The Occupational Health and Safety Act No.5 of 2003 

• The Urban Planning Act (2007)
• Mining Act (1998)
• Employment and Labor Relations Act No. 6 of 2004
• The Architects and Quantity Surveyor Act No 16 of 1997
• Engineers Registration Act (2007)
• The Contractors Registration Act (1997)
• The HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act of 2008
• The Local Government Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act (1999)
• The Environmental Management (Water Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007
• Fisheries Act, 2003
• The Workers Compensation Act, 2008
• The Land Act No. 4 of 1999
• Land Acquisition Act Cap 118 RE 2002
• Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act; 1982

Relevant regulations and guidelines

Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulation G.N. 349 of 2005.

Institutional framework for the management of environment

• National Environmental Advisory Committee

• Minister Responsible for Environment
• Director of Environment
• National Environment Management Council (NEMC)
• Sector Ministries
• Local Government Authorities

v
04. STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION
The key stakeholders and their main views were identified in this study. The raised concerns by
stakeholders were clarified and incorporated in the study. Stakeholders were in favor of the project
but expressed the need for proper mitigation of all the negative impacts that might arise from this
project.

05. IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

Impacts in Mobilization and Construction phases

Positive impacts
• Employment opportunities
• Provision of market for supply of building materials
• Informal business growth

Negative impacts
• Air pollution due to dust and exhaust emissions
• Noise pollution
• Impacts due to vibration
• Water pollution
• Impacts due to mismanagement of solid wastes
• Impacts due to mismanagement of wastewater
• Workers accidents and hazards
• Public health hazards (HIV/AIDs and STDs spread)
• Traffic congestion

Impacts in Operation phase

Positive impacts
• Employment opportunities and benefits
• Aesthetic and Beautification of the area
• Informal business growth

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Negative impacts
• Health and safety risks due to fire hazards
• Impacts due to mismanagement of wastes

Impacts in Decommission phase

Negative impacts
• Air pollution due to dust emission
• Air pollution due to exhaust emission
• Noise pollution from demolishing works
• Traffic accidents
• Occupational health and safety hazards

06. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

For this study ESMP including the principal environmental and social cost as well cost for
implementing the mitigation measures have been prepared and included in the main report. The
ESMP include identified impacts, mitigation measures, implementer/responsible organization and
cost for implementation.

07. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

The monitoring programme, proposed for project operations is based on the impacts identified
during the undertaking of this study. Table 9.1 (in the main report) provides details of the attributes
to be monitored, frequency, and institutional responsibility and estimated costs.

08. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

For the proposed project, the environmental and social costs are lower in value and are far
outweighed by the benefits to be realized from this project. The consideration of “No-Project” or
“Do–Nothing” option is dismissed as an alternative due to the need and desirability of the proposed
commercial and residential building for academic purpose.

09. DECOMMISSIONING

A preliminary decommissioning plan has been developed. It is envisaged that the project removal
will begin six months after closure for six months. Within the first six months the proponent will

vii
arrange for inventory of all components that need to be removed and or disposed. This inventory
will include building structures to be demolished. Also, mode of disposal will have to be finalized.
This information will assist in the preparation of the final decommissioning plan, for approval by
NEMC.

10. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Construction and operation of the proposed project can result in a variety of impacts on the natural
environment as well as on the communities in the vicinity of the project site and beyond. The
issues related to the proposed project were identified, discussed and assessed. Mitigation measures
have been proposed and possible remedial options reviewed.
The study concludes that a number of environmental impacts have been identified and assessed;
none of these are considered to be that severe after mitigation as to prevent the further planning,
and development of the project in the area. Thus, the project development in the area can be
considered suitable subject to the implementation of the mitigation measures as indicated in the
Environmental and Social Management Plan.

viii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................... i

STUDY TEAM ............................................................................................................................... ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... ix

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... xvii

LIST OF PLATES ..................................................................................................................... xviii

LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... xix

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ..................................................................... xx

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Requirement ....................................................... 1

2.1 Project Objective and Rationale............................................................................................ 2

2.1.1 Project Objective ............................................................................................................ 2

2.1.2 Rationale ........................................................................................................................ 2

2.1.3 Objective of the EIA study ............................................................................................ 2

2.1.4 The Specific objectives .................................................................................................. 2

2.2 Scope of the Study ............................................................................................................ 3

1.3 Methodology of the Study ................................................................................................ 3

1.3.1 Literature Review........................................................................................................... 4

1.3.2 Field Studies................................................................................................................... 4

1.3.3 Stakeholders’ Participation ............................................................................................ 4

1.3.4 Project Impact Assessment ............................................................................................ 4

CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 7

ix
PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................. 7

2.1 Project location ..................................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Accessibility.......................................................................................................................... 7

2.3 Project zoning ....................................................................................................................... 8

2.4 Project area and adjacent land uses ....................................................................................... 8

2.5. Project activities ................................................................................................................... 8

2.5.1 Mobilization phase. ........................................................................................................ 8

2.5.2 Construction Phase......................................................................................................... 9

2.5.3. Area of Impact .............................................................................................................. 9

2.5.4. Finishing phase. ............................................................................................................ 9

2.5.5. Operations Phase ........................................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 10

POLICY, ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ................................................. 10

3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Relevant National Policies .................................................................................................. 10

3.2.1 National Environmental Policy (NEP), 1997............................................................... 10

3.2.2 National Water Policy, 2002 ........................................................................................ 11

3.2.3 National Energy Policy, 2003 ...................................................................................... 11

3.2.4 National Land Policy, 1995 revised 1997 .................................................................... 12

3.2.5 National Employment Policy, 1997 ............................................................................. 12

3.2.6 National Health Policy, 1990 ....................................................................................... 13

3.2.7 National Women and Gender Development Policy, 2000 ........................................... 13

3.2.8 National HIV and AIDS Policy, 2001 ......................................................................... 14

3.2.9 National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) II, 2010 .............. 14

3.2.10 The Tanzania Development Vision 2025 .................................................................. 15

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 3.2.11 National Human Settlements Development Policy (NHSDP), 2000 ......................... 16

3.3 Relevant Legal Framework ................................................................................................. 16

3.3.1 Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004 ........................................................ 16

3.3.2 Land Act, 1999............................................................................................................. 17

3.3.3 The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 2003........................................................... 17

3.3.4 Environmental Management (Air Quality Standards) Regulation, 2007..................... 17

3.3.5 Environmental Management (Soil Quality Standards) Regulation, 2007 ................... 18

3.3.6 The Water Supply and Sanitation Act, 2009 ............................................................... 19

3.3.7 The Water Resources Management Act, 2009 ............................................................ 19

3.3.8 The Workers Compensation Act, 2008 ........................................................................ 19

3.3.9 The Occupiers Liability Act, 1968............................................................................... 20

3.3.10 The Employment and Labor Relations Act, 2004 ..................................................... 20

3.3.11 The HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act, 2008 .......................................... 21

3.3.12 The Public Health Act, 2009 ...................................................................................... 21

3.3.13 Land Use Planning Act No 8 of 2007 ........................................................................ 21

3.3.14 The Engineers registration Act, 1997 ........................................................................ 22

3.3.15 The Local Government (Urban Authority) Act Cap 288 R: E 2002.......................... 22

3.3.16 The Land Acquisition Act Cap 118 of 2002 .............................................................. 23

3.4 Relevant Regulations and Guidelines ................................................................................. 24

3.4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulation G.N. 349 of 2005 ............. 24

3.5 Institutional Framework for the Management of Environment .......................................... 24

3.5.1 Overall management responsibility ............................................................................. 24

3.5.2 National Environmental Advisory Committee ............................................................ 25

3.5.3 Minister Responsible for Environment ........................................................................ 25

3.5.4 Director of Environment .............................................................................................. 26

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 3.5.5 National Environment Management Council (NEMC) ............................................... 26

3.5.6 Sector Ministries .......................................................................................................... 27

3.5.7 Local Government Authorities .................................................................................... 28

CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 30

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITION ............................................... 30

3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 30

3.2 Geographical Location ........................................................................................................ 30

3.3 Physical Environment ......................................................................................................... 30

3.2.1 Rainfall ......................................................................................................................... 30

3.2.2 Temperature ................................................................................................................. 31

3.2.3 Wind characteristics ..................................................................................................... 31

3.2.4 Topography .................................................................................................................. 31

3.3 Economic activities. ............................................................................................................ 31

3.4 Ethnicity .............................................................................................................................. 31

CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................................... 32

STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT AND PARTICIPATION .................................................. 32

5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 32

5.2 Method of Stakeholder involvement and data collection ................................................... 33

5.3 Identification of Stakeholders ............................................................................................. 33

CHAPTER SIX ............................................................................................................................. 38

IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION AND PROJECT ALTERNATIVES .......................................... 38

6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 38

6.2 Impacts Identification ......................................................................................................... 38

6.3 Impacts during Mobilization and Construction Phase ........................................................ 38

6.3.1 Employment opportunities ........................................................................................... 38

xii
 6.3.2 Provision of market for supply of building materials .................................................. 39

6.3.3 Informal Business Growth ........................................................................................... 39

6.3.4 Air Pollution due to dust and exhaust emissions ......................................................... 39

6.3.5 Noise pollution ............................................................................................................. 40

6.3.6 Impacts of Vibration .................................................................................................... 40

6.3.7 Water Pollution ............................................................................................................ 40

6.3.8 Impacts due to mismanagement of solid wastes .......................................................... 40

6.3.9 Impacts due to mismanagement of wastewater ........................................................... 41

6.3.10 Workers Accidents and Hazards ................................................................................ 41

6.3.11 Public Health Hazards (HIV/AIDs and STDs Spread) .............................................. 41

6.3.12 Traffic congestion ...................................................................................................... 42

6.4 Impacts during Operation phase ......................................................................................... 42

6.3.1 Employment opportunities and benefits ...................................................................... 42

6.4.2 Aesthetic and Beautification of the area ...................................................................... 42

6.3.3 Informal Business Growth ........................................................................................... 42

6.4.4 Health and safety risks due to fire hazards .................................................................. 43

6.4.5 Impacts due to mismanagement of wastes ................................................................... 43

6.5 Impacts during Decommission phase ................................................................................. 43

6.5.1 Air Pollution due to Dust Emission ............................................................................. 44

6.5.2 Air Pollution due to Exhaust Emission ........................................................................ 44

6.5.3 Noise Pollution from Demolishing Works .................................................................. 44

6.5.4 Traffic Accidents ......................................................................................................... 45

6.5.5 Occupational Health and Safety Hazards .................................................................... 45

6.6 Project Alternatives ............................................................................................................. 45

6.6.1 Evaluation of Alternatives ...................................................................................... 45

xiii
 The No Action Option ............................................................................................................... 45

Technology and Design Options ............................................................................................... 46

Sitting option ............................................................................................................................. 46

CHAPTER SEVEN ...................................................................................................................... 47

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR POTENTIAL IMPACTS ...................................................... 47

7.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 47

7.2 Enhancement and mitigation measures during Mobilization and Construction phases ..... 47

7.2.1 Employment opportunities ........................................................................................... 47

7.2.2 Provision of market for supply of building materials .................................................. 47

7.2.3 Informal business growth ............................................................................................. 48

7.2.4 Air pollution due to dust and exhaust emissions ......................................................... 48

7.2.5 Noise pollution ............................................................................................................. 48

7.2.6 Impacts due to vibration............................................................................................... 49

7.2.7 Water pollution ............................................................................................................ 49

7.2.8 Impacts due to mismanagement of solid wastes .......................................................... 49

7.2.9 Impacts due to mismanagement of solid wastes .......................................................... 50

7.2.10 Workers accidents and hazards .................................................................................. 50

7.2.11 Public health hazards (HIV/AIDs and STDs spread) ................................................ 51

7.2.12 Traffic congestion ...................................................................................................... 51

7.3 Enhancement and mitigation measures during operational phase ...................................... 51

7.3.1 Imparting spiritual knowledge ..................................................................................... 51

7.3.2 Aesthetic and beautification of the area ....................................................................... 51

7.3.3 Informal business growth ............................................................................................. 51

7.3.4 Health and safety risks due to fire hazards .................................................................. 51

7.3.5 Impacts due to mismanagement of wastes ................................................................... 52

xiv
 7.4 Mitigation measures during Decommission phase ............................................................. 52

7.4.1 Air pollution due to dust emission ............................................................................... 52

7.4.2 Air pollution due to exhaust emission ......................................................................... 53

7.4.3 Noise pollution from demolishing works .................................................................... 53

7.4.4 Traffic accidents........................................................................................................... 53

7.4.5 Occupational health and safety hazards ....................................................................... 54

CHAPTER EIGHT ....................................................................................................................... 55

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................. 55

8.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 55

CHAPTER NINE .......................................................................................................................... 65

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN..................................................... 65

9.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 65

CHAPTER TEN............................................................................................................................ 71

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT ..................................................................... 71

10.1 Introduction. ...................................................................................................................... 71

10.2 Benefits Related to the Project .......................................................................................... 71

10.3 Cost Related to the Project ................................................................................................ 72

10.4 Conclusion on Cost Benefit Analysis ............................................................................... 72

CHAPTER ELEVEN .................................................................................................................... 73

PRELIMINARY DECOMMISSIONING PLAN ......................................................................... 73

11.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 73

11.2 Project closure and schedule ............................................................................................. 73

11.3 Landscaping and Rehabilitation ........................................................................................ 74

11.4 Closure Cost Estimates ..................................................................................................... 74

CHAPTER TWELVE ................................................................................................................... 77

xv
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 77

12.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 77

12.2 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 77

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 78

APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 80

Appendix I: Tax Payer Identification Number (TIN) .............................................................. 80

Appendix II: Certificate of Occupancy ..................................................................................... 80

Appendix III: Site Layout Plan ................................................................................................. 84

Appendix IV: Consultation form .............................................................................................. 86

xvi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Location of the project area ......................................................................................... 7

xvii
 LIST OF PLATES

Plate 2.1: Site accessibility .............................................................................................. 8

xviii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 5.1: List of stakeholders consulted and their views ……………………………………34

Table 8.1: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ............................................... 56

Table 9.1: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan................................................................ 66

Table 11.1: Proposed Closure cost estimates for decommissioning plan .................................... 75

xix
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

DAWASSA = Dar es salaam Water Supply and Sanitation Authority

EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment
EMA = Environmental Management Act
ESIA = Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMP = Environmental and Social Management Plan
NEMC = National Environmental Management Council
NSGRP II = The Second National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty II
TANESCO = Tanzania Energy Supply Company

xx
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Khadija Khaili, Hawa Melito, Madina K. Mellito, and Mariam K. Mellito (herein referred to as
Proponents) of P.O. Box 25617, Dar es salaam, are local entrepreneurs in Tanzania with intent to
establish a seven-storey commercial-residential structure on plot number 18, block number 74, at
Aggrey street, Kariakoo ward, Dar es salaam city council in Dar es salaam region.
The proponent was registered by Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) as a tax payer and issued a
certificate of registration for a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN): 106-358-699 as seen in
appendix I.
Total area for the proposed project is 322.55m2 which is legally owned by the proponents through
a transferred certificate of occupancy with title number 145320 as indicated in certificate of
occupancy in Appendix II of the EIS. The proposed project of establishing commercial-residential
building is compatible with the planned land use specified in the title deed whereby the land has
been planned for Commercial and residential purposes only. Use Group ‘A’ and use class(a) and
(c) as defined in the Town and Country planning use classes Regulation, 1960 as amended in 1993.
The proposed commercial- residential building will comprise of seven floors where by ground
floor will comprise of four stores and six parking lots, the remaining floors (from the first to the
sixth) will comprise two bed rooms, a master bed room, and a dining and sitting room per floor.

1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Requirement

According to the Third Schedule of Environmental Management Act, 2004 Cap 191 reading
together with the First Schedule of the Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations
of 2005 (and its amendments of 2018), the proposed project falls under a list of projects which
require full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study prior to its commencement. In order
to comply with legal requirement, Khadija Khaili, Hawa Melito, Madina K. Mellito, and Mariam
K. Mellito (Proponents) commissioned Sphere Enviro-Tech and Engineering Company Limited a
Registered Environmental Consultancy company to conduct EIA for the proposed project.

1
2.1 Project Objective and Rationale

2.1.1 Project Objective

The main objective of the project is to provide high quality and affordable frames for business
purposes and apartment for living for related users at Aggrey Street in Kariakoo ward. The
functional objective of the proposed project is to ensure a balanced environmental friendliness and
adequate provision of services needed within the given regulations and District council land
planning by laws while ensuring that the development is viable.

2.1.2 Rationale
Continued population growth in Dar es salaam has greatly contributed to increased economic
activities including commercial activities especially at Kariakoo. As population and economic
activities increase, the number of customers and service providers that require places that are
affordable yet not far from the business/commercial centres also increase, resulting into a high
demand of commercial and residential services. Therefore, in order to meet such demands, the
proponent intends to establish commercial-residential story building at the area.

2.1.3 Objective of the EIA study

The purpose of this EIA study was to foresee the environmental, social and economic effects of
the proposed commercial-residential building before the project come into the actual
implementation. The study therefore has addressed the social, economic and environmental issues
associated with the project and have provided relevant mitigation measures for the identified
negative impacts and enhancement measures for the positive impacts.

2.1.4 The Specific objectives

• To study in detail, the prevailing baseline conditions before the project construction starts;
• To conduct consultation in order to inform the people affected by the project and to get
their views, issue of concerns and recommendations;
• To assess and report on the likely magnitude and significance of impacts, both positive and
negative;

2
 • To propose mitigation measures to reduce negative impacts and monitoring of impacts
during and after construction.

2.2 Scope of the Study

The scope of the study was:

• To provide a description of the relevant parts of the project including project location, design,
components and activities.
• To review policies, legislation, standards and regulations that are relevant to the proposed
project;
• To evaluate and present baseline data on the relevant environmental and social characteristics
of the project area;
• To make consultation with government authorities, local communities and relevant private
sectors operating near the project area.
• To assess and quantify the potential environmental impacts resulting from the construction of
proposed commercial-residential building especially within the zone of influence of the
project and core area.
• To provide alternatives that examined in the course of developing the proposed project.
• To develop an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) detailing actions and responsibilities
for impacts mitigation and monitoring.
• To develop a decommissioning plan to be implemented when the project lifetime come to an
end.

1.3 Methodology of the Study

The methodology used is in agreement with the Environmental Impact Assessment & Audit
Regulations, 2005 GN. No.349 of 200 and EIA. Several study methodologies were used in carrying
out this EIA assignment with the view of obtaining quantitative and qualitative data (baseline data)
in order to prepare the EIA Report. The methods were also designed and selected carefully in order
to address the specific terms of reference. The EIA team collected necessary data from the
secondary and primary sources which were reviewed and analyzed. The following are the methods
that were employed: -

3
1.3.1 Literature Review
Literature review was done according to the project activities and noticeable features of the project
area. This covered the review of the Environmental Management Act of 2004, relevant studies and
reports on the construction and operation of petrol and service stations in Tanzania, and other
related sources of information. Other reports and reference material on physical, biological, and
socio-economic attributes of the project area have also been reviewed.

1.3.2 Field Studies

The field visits were essential to fully realize the scope of the project, the biophysical environment
at the specific location and the socio-economic conditions in the project area.
The EIA team used the fieldwork to conduct interviews with stakeholders and also to collect
information on the state of the environment. Information collected includes land use, human
demography, cultural heritage, water supply, wastewater collection, traffic issues and other
indicators related to environmental and socio-economic trends at Aggrey street and Kariakoo ward
in general. Other information was appraised through key informant interviews and experts’
observations.

1.3.3 Stakeholders’ Participation

Stakeholders’ participation was considered as an important element of the sustainable development
process. In this EIA study various stakeholders participated. Broad consultations were conducted
involving different institutions like the local government (Mtaa offices, Kariakoo ward, Dar es
salaam city council), OSHA zonal offices and Fire Rescue Force Office. The concerns of each
individual/group have been addressed in this EIS.

1.3.4 Project Impact Assessment

Overlaying project elements into the existing social and environmental natural conditions made it
possible to identify the potential impacts of the proposed commercial-residential building in
Aggrey street in Kariakoo ward. The checklist method was used to identify the impacts and
mitigation measures. Furthermore, the environmental impact matrix method was adopted in
identifying impacts of major concerns. The significance of the impact was based on expert’s
judgement. The moderate, significant and cumulative impacts were given mitigation measures. A
key guiding assumption in this study is that the project will be designed, constructed and operated
with due care for safety and environmental matters using current and practical engineering
4
practices and/or Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excess Cost (BATNEEC). The
implementation schedule of the mitigation measures is summarized in the EMP.
The environmental assessment has been undertaken in close interaction with the design team. In
this process environmental impacts have been evaluated for various alternatives. Several project
alternatives were considered including that of not implementing the project. The fundamental
environmental protection strategy and environmental considerations influencing engineering
design were incorporated. However, reasonable regard to technological feasibility and economic
capability were taken into account. Inter alia, the assessment entailed the following:

Collection of Baseline Data

The collection of baseline data was conducted subsequent to defining the scope of the EIA. These
data allow the study team to determine whether more detailed information on environmental
conditions at the development site and its surroundings are needed and where such information
can be obtained.
Both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data were collected by direct
measurement, observations and using semi-structured interviews with respective and targeted
parties (as explained in the previous section). Secondary data were obtained from various relevant
sources of information such as education and health reports and many other official and non-
official documents and the Internet.

Review of Policies, Legal and Institutional Framework for Environmental Management

This allowed the study team to update and enhance their understanding of national policies,
legislation and institutional arrangements for environmental management in Tanzania and relevant
international procedures to ascertain the optimal management of impacts.

Identifying Environmental Impacts

This was undertaken by using a checklist method, which is a compilation of contender list of key
impacts such as traffic congestion, noise and air pollution, waste management etc.;

Predicting Environmental Impacts

This was done by using “best estimate” professional judgement of the experts and case studies as
analogous or references. The environmental and social impacts were identified and their potential

5
size and nature were predicted. The prediction of impacts specified the impact’s causes and effects
and its secondary and tertiary consequences for the environment and the social aspects.

Determining the Significance of Impacts

The key activity was to evaluate the significance of impacts, the major criteria used was
• The level of public concern
• Scientific and Professional evidence concerning
• Resource loss
• Negative Social Impacts
• Resource use options etc.

Identifying Mitigation and Management Options

The options for dealing with identified and predicted impacts were considered. This enabled the
study team to analyze proposed mitigation measures. A wide range of measures has been proposed
to prevent, reduce, remedy or compensate for each of the adverse impacts evaluated as being
significant. Analysis of the implications of adopting different alternatives was done to assist in
clear decision-making.

6
 CHAPTER TWO

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Project location

The project area is administratively located at Aggrey Street in Kariakoo ward, within Dar es
salaam city council in Dar es salaam region. It lies within geographical coordinates of -6.820320
latitude and 39.279073 longitude at an elevation level of 16 meters above the mean sea level.
Figures 2.1 shows the location of the project area.

Figure 2.1: Location of the project area

2.2 Accessibility

The project site is accessed through tarmac road of Lumumba Street that adjoin Morogoro road.
The project area is about 1.5 km from Dar es salaam city center. The building is on the right-hand
side of the Lumumba Street tarmac road heading from Morogoro road to Dar es salaam city
council. Plate 2.1 shows accessibility to the project site.

7
 Plate 2.1: Site accessibility

2.3 Project zoning

The project area is bordered with commercial-residential story buildings on the Western and
Eastern at a distance of 2 meters each, residential story building on the Northern at a distance of 5
meters, and Aggrey street tarmac road on the Southern at a distance of 3 meters.

2.4 Project area and adjacent land uses

The project site is located on a planned area and the existing land use matches the planned land
use of the area which is commercial-residential uses. The existing land uses of the adjacent areas
on the Western, Northern and Eastern matches the existing and planned land uses of the area which
is commercial- residential. Also, on the Southern of the project area the existing land use matches
the planned land use on that area which is road reserve.

2.5. Project activities

2.5.1 Mobilization phase.

This is the first phase in the course of the project; it is the planning through which the proponent
identifies all the requirement of the project. These requirements include land, finance, technical
drawings, human resources and necessary license and permits. Moreover, this phase also involves

8
some of the physical activities associated with the site development and mainly site clearance. The
site clearance has the main aim of preparing the site for development this activity will also involve
demolishing of the structure which is within the project site as well as the removal of all waste
which would result from site clearance.

2.5.2 Construction Phase

The building will be constructed by using locally available materials which can be sourced from
Dar es Salaam such as Portland cement, iron bars, sand, iron sheets, plastic water tanks and water
pipes.
The construction activities involve site clearing, construction material storage area, water storage
and toilet and office building. Materials used for construction will be stored on site in temporary
shelters that will be decommissioned at the end of the construction period. Construction personnel
will be locally sourced within various areas in Dar es Salaam city.

2.5.3. Area of Impact

Based on the field study carried out to date area of impact is the within the project licensed zone,

2.5.4. Finishing phase.

At this phase rehabilitation of the building will take place, this include painting, roofing, the
pavement, electric system and water and waste water system. This phase will also involve civil,
electrical, and mechanical works and repairs. Retesting of the new equipment will also be
conducted.

2.5.5. Operations Phase

This is the phase in which the building will be operating; the proponent will reside in building.
Water from DA WASA and boreholes will be used for domestic purpose and the domestic waste
water resulting will be directed to Soak away pit and septic tank on site.

9
 CHAPTER THREE

POLICY, ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

3.1 Introduction

This chapter highlights the relevant legal provisions which govern the process of EIA under which
this proposed project falls. These provisions are broadly categorized as policies, legislations,
regulations and administrative frameworks.

3.2 Relevant National Policies

This sub-section highlights the relevant environmental policies established for the purposes of
environmental protection towards achieving sustainable development.

3.2.1 National Environmental Policy (NEP), 1997

NEP is a mother policy in regards to all environmental management matters in Tanzania. It defines
environmental issues as both social and ecological systems and adopts a key principle of
sustainable development. The policy further defines strategic plans for environmental management
at all levels and provides an approach for mainstreaming environmental issues for strategic
decision-making.
According the NEP, it is mandatory to undertake EIA before any development project likely to
have significant environmental impacts is given a go-ahead. This is to ensure that development
projects are implemented in an economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally
acceptable manner.
Paragraph 65 of NEP describes EIA as a planning tool which should be used to integrate
environmental consideration in the decision-making process so as to ensure unnecessary damage
to the environment.
Paragraph 48(i) explaining the protection of water resources and its catchment area and vegetation
cover while conducting any development programme.

10
Since activities of the proposed project will generate wastes that may pollute water, soil and air,
appropriate mitigation measures must be in place to prevent and/or reduce the impact as a
compliance with this policy.

Relevance to project: The proponent observes this policy and commissioned Sphere Envirotech
& Engineering Ltd to undertake the environmental impact assessment study for the proposed
project, prepare the environmental management plan to guide the operation of the project
throughout its life cycle. This study will help the implementation of the project to be
environmentally friendly, protecting water resources, surrounding vegetation cover and lead to
socio-economic benefit to the proponent, surrounding community and national at large.

3.2.2 National Water Policy, 2002

The main objective of this policy is to develop a comprehensive framework for sustainable
development and management of National's water resources and foundation for sustainable
development. Also, paragraph 2 of the policy point out water as among other part of environment
(soil, water and forest) is considered as a key factor in the socio-economic development and fight
against poverty and support the Tanzania's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) sets out the
medium-term strategy for poverty reduction and indicators for measuring progress.

Relevance to project: The main water sources for construction is from DAWASSA, hence the
consultant should abide to the stipulated regulation highlighted in the policy so as to undertake
proper utilization of the existing water supplies.

3.2.3 National Energy Policy, 2003

It is noted in the policy that crosscutting all energy sub-sectors and all relevant sources of energy
are the environmental impacts of energy exploration, production, distribution and consumption
(under which the proposed project falls). The policy promotes energy efficiency and conservation
as a means towards cleaner production and pollution control measures.

Relevance to project: The building will be supplied by reliable Energy sourced from TANESCO,
in case of power outage, the building will be supplied power from the existing standby automatic
generator.

11
3.2.4 National Land Policy, 1995 revised 1997

The National Land Policy promotes and ensures a secure land tenure system, to encourage the
optimal use of land resources, and to facilitate broad-based social and economic development
without upsetting or endangering the ecological balance of the environment. Also, it promotes the
land to be subjected to productive activities so as to ensure rapid social and economic development
of the country.
Paragraph 7 part 1.1(i& iii) suggest that before user right such as for mining, timber harvesting,
hunting is considered, existing land tenure rights should be recognized and the government will
ensure the permits, licenses, claims and right for exploitation of natural resources in line with land
use policies, and environmental conservation policies and programs.

Relevance to project: the proponent will ensure to abide to land regulation policy for the proposed
development and ensure that all license and certificate of land ownership are abide as attachment
in this report so as to be confidence on the case of land ownership and its land use plan.

3.2.5 National Employment Policy, 1997

Emanating from the growing number of unemployment labor force, the National Employment
Policy was established to provide strategies for employment creation and sustainability. Among
its major aims is to create conducive environment that increase employment (wage and self-
employment) opportunities for the unemployed. This includes, among other things, the
identification of areas that are potential for creation of employment and establishment of
appropriate strategies to tape the potential jobs for the unemployed. Consequently, the construction
activities will generate different types of employment (casual laborers, semi- and skilled workers)
as well as trade opportunities that are attractive to local Tanzanians.

Relevance to the Project - The EIA study will fully abide by the provisions of this policy. The
contractor and proponent will abide to the relevant provisions of the policy to ensure that local
residents, especially the youth, women and other vulnerable groups, are given priority in all
employment opportunities that will arise during the construction and/or operational phases of the
project.

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3.2.6 National Health Policy, 1990

One of the main objectives of this policy is to ensure that health services are available and
accessible to all people wherever they are in the country, whether in urban or rural areas. The
policy encourages safe basic hygiene practices in workplaces, promote sound use of water,
promotes construction of latrines and their use, encourage maintenance of clean working
environment which is conducive to satisfactory work performance. The policy puts more emphasis
on workers protection against all health hazards which can occur in work places.

Relevance to the Project: The implementation of this project will ensure that all workers at the
project site will have necessary personal protective equipment (PPEs) and the local communities
will be informed and protected against all health risks, including awareness on the impact of
HIV/AIDS.

3.2.7 National Women and Gender Development Policy, 2000

Environment and human development are highly interdependent. Persistent environmental

mismanagement has adverse effects of gradually impairing human development. With increasing
levels of pollution and degradation due to indiscriminate abstraction, poor land use practices,
encroachment of land for agriculture, urbanization and industrial development, the lives of both
women and men are negatively impacted. In that view the policy stipulates that community and
other stakeholders at all levels be sensitized on the importance of establishing gender balance in
environmental management committees, to protect and preserve their surroundings and
environment. These could be accomplished, the policy suggests, though; sensitizing communities
and other stakeholders on gender balance in environmental management, and provision of tools
and facilities for the protection and conservation of environment.

Relevance to project: The proponent will have environmental committee at the building that
involve both women and men who will be responsible on management of wastes generated, health
and safety of worshippers and surrounding community. Also, the management will sensitize all
workers on proper management of the environment for the benefit of individual and whole country.

13
3.2.8 National HIV and AIDS Policy, 2001

HIV/AIDS is a major development crisis that affects all sectors, and it affect people in all walks
of life and decimating the most productive segments of the population particularly women and
men between age of 20 and 49 years. Some of the effects include increasing number of people
absenteeism from workplace, death, lowering of life expectancy, increasing the dependency ratio,
reducing growth of GDP, reduction in productivity, increasing poverty, raising infant and child
mortality as well as growing number of orphans.
Paragraph 3 of this policy explaining about the objective of the policy and among its specific
objective is to create and sustain an increased awareness of HIV/AIDS through targeted advocacy,
information, education and communication for behavior change at all levels by all sectors, and
also to promote safer sex practices through faithfulness to partners, abstinence, non-penetrative
sex, and condom use according to well informed individual decision.

Relevance to the Project: Interaction of people during the project cycle cannot be avoided and
people will interact from different areas as a result of trade and employment opportunities which
will be created. Workers will be given education and counselling about HIV/AIDS as well as
presence of protective gears such as condoms at strategic location at site so as to reduce the rate
of transmission of the disease. Nearby health center will be used for training and avoid stigma to
those living with HIV/AIDS.

3.2.9 National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) II, 2010

The Second National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty II (NSGRP II or MKUKUTA
II in its Kiswahili acronym) is a continuation of the government and national commitments to
accelerating economic growth and fighting poverty. It is a successor to the first National Strategy
for Growth and Reduction of Poverty implemented from 2005/06 to 2009/10. MKUKUTA II
emphasizes on:

i. Focused and sharper prioritization of interventions - projects and programs in key priority
growth and poverty reduction sectors;
ii. Strengthening evidence-based planning and resource allocation in the priority
interventions;

14
 iii. Aligning strategic plans of Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and Local
Government Authorities (LGAs) to this strategy; iv.
Strengthening government’s and national implementation capacity;
v. Scaling up the role and participation of the private sector in priority areas of growth and
poverty reduction;
vi. Improving human resources capacity, in terms of skills, knowledge, and efficient
deployment;
vii. Fostering changes in mind-set toward hard work, patriotism, and self-reliance;
viii. Mainstreaming cross cutting issues in MDAs and LGAs processes;
ix. Strengthening the monitoring and reporting systems; and
x. Better implementation of core reforms, including further improvement of public financial
management systems.

Relevance to the Project: With particular reference to items vi, and vii, the proposed project will
contribute to the goals of NSGPR II by creating employment opportunities, improve daily life of
natives and welfare of the region and country as whole.

3.2.10 The Tanzania Development Vision 2025

Development Vision 2025 is a long-term development philosophy that articulates a desirable future
condition, which the nation envisages it will attain. It describes plausible course of action to be
taken for visions achievement. It seeks to actively mobilize the people and other resources towards
the achievement of shared goals.
The vision provides hope and an inspiration for motivating the people to search and work harder
for the betterment of their livelihood and for prosperity. Major attributes of the vision include high
quality livelihood; peace, stability and unity; good governance; a well-educated and learning
society; and a competitive economy capable of producing sustainable growth and shared benefits.

Relevance to project: The proposed project could contribute to the attainment of the vision in its
area of providing employment opportunities and creating conducive environment for improving
the living standard of the surrounding community including its economic aspect as a society and
national in general.

15
3.2.11 National Human Settlements Development Policy (NHSDP), 2000

The NHSDP recognizes environmental planning and management as one of the broad human
settlement issues.
According to this policy; “environment means the physical, economic and social conditions in
which people live, influencing their feelings and development”. Therefore, the relevancy of this
policy towards the proposed project is the improvement in quality of life in human settlement
through improvement of social services. This can be achieved through the so called corporate
social responsibility (CSR). Similarly, the project proponent has to recognize that quality life
includes the right to live in clean and safe environment of all project staff that will be housed in
the project proposed site. Air pollution, waste pollution or any other environmental or social
malaise that might jeopardize quality of settlement in particular and life of workers in general
should be avoided.

Relevance to project: The proponent recognizes the quality of life and follow all legal procedures
on development of the proposed project including observing the health and safety of construction
workers by providing them with proper safety gears, use of environmentally friendly machines
and equipment on construction activities.

3.3 Relevant Legal Framework

This sub-section explains the various legal provisions which govern the processes of EIA. Some
environment related acts that have been created deal with specific areas of the environment such
as water pollution, soil erosion, air pollution and among others.

3.3.1 Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004

This is a principal law that governs all environmental matters in the country. Section 81 of the Act
refers to an obligation to undertake EIA by project developer. The third schedule of the act that is
made under this section identifies the types of projects subject to undergoing EIA. In that respect,
subsection 1 in Part VI of the Act requires a project proponent or developer to undertake an EIA
at his/her own cost prior to commencement or financing of a project or undertaking. The Act
prohibits any development to be initiated without an EIA Certificate. Section 86, subsection 1,
specifies that ‘‘the NEMC shall upon examination of a project brief, require the proponent of a

16
project or undertaking to carry out an EIA study and prepare an Environmental Impact Statement”
(EIS). Section 87 of the act underpins the review of the EIS. According to subsections 1-4, the
statement should be submitted to the NEMC, which carries out a review through its Technical
Advisory Committee (TAC). The council is also obliged to make a site visit during the review
process for inspection and verification at the proponent’s cost.

Relevance to the project: The EMA (2004) is relevant to this project because the project falls
under mandatory list of those projects requiring Environmental impact assessment (EIA). In this
case the project is required to abide by all the provisions given in the EMA (2004).

3.3.2 Land Act, 1999

The Land Act No. 4 of 1999 is the principal law in regards to all land matters such as management
of land, settlement of disputes and related aspects other than the Village Land
Act No. 5 of 1999 that specifically deals with “village land” matters.

Relevance to project: The proposed project is implemented on land that has been legally owned
by Chang’ombe SDA Church and there are other buildings in the same area, of which will be
demolished before commencement of project implementation.

3.3.3 The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 2003

The Occupational Health and Safety Act No. 5 of 2003, regulates health, safety and welfare of
persons at work in factories and all other places of work in Tanzania. It also provides for the
protection of persons other than those at work against hazards to health and safety arising out of
or in connection with activities of persons at work. Part IV, section 43 (1) provides for safe access
and safe working place while Part V covers health and welfare provisions.

Relevance to the project: The developer is obliged to ensure safe working environment to all its
workers, provide clean and safe water, as well sanitary and first aid facility.

3.3.4 Environmental Management (Air Quality Standards) Regulation, 2007

The object of these regulations is to set baseline parameters on air quality and emissions and
enforce minimum air quality standards. They are also meant to help developers to keep abreast
with environmentally friendly technologies and ensure that the public health as well as the

17
environment is protected from various air pollution emissions sources. These Regulations
stipulates the role and powers of the National Environmental Standards Committee. According to
the regulations, the approval of a permit for emission of air pollutants shall be guided by ambient,
receptor, emission and specification standards approved by the Minister. Offences and penalties
for contraveners are also provided for in the regulations. Emission limits of Sulphur and nitrogen
dioxides, carbon monoxide, lead, ozone, black smoke and suspended particulate matter together
with their test methods are specified. Tolerance limits and test methods for dust, Sulphur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides from cement factories into the air as well as from motor vehicles are also
given. These pollutants are not expected to be generated from the project activities in significant
amounts since special measures will be implemented to avoid emissions during operation.

Relevance to project: The proponent and contractor will ensure that mitigation measures on dust
and gaseous emission are enforced on implementation of the project throughout the life cycle.

3.3.5 Environmental Management (Soil Quality Standards) Regulation, 2007

These regulations set limits for soil contaminants in agriculture and habitat, enforce minimum soil
quality standards, prescribe measures designated to maintain, restore and enhance the sustainable
productivity of the soil and prescribe minimum soil quality standards for sustaining ecological
integrity and productivity of the soil. According to the regulations, among others, the National
Environmental Standards Committee has the powers to set pollutant limits and specify procedures
for determination of the quality of soil for protection of the soil from degradation as a result of
anthropogenic activities such as agricultural and mining activities and waste disposal.
Owners and operators of a main polluting activity are required to voluntarily register with NEMC
and obtain a soil pollutants discharge permit. Obligations of polluters are also given. According
to the regulations, the NEMC plays a crucial role in soil quality compliance and enforcement.
Recording and reporting requirements, Offences and penalties for noncompliance as well as how
appeals against aggrieved decisions should be handled are stipulated. Contaminant limits for
selected soil pollutants mainly halogenated hydrocarbons (example, trichlorethylene,
dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, etc.), fuel hydrocarbons (benzene,
ethylbenzene, total xylenes, toluene, etc.), organic and inorganic pesticides (lindane, Atrazine,
DDT, Sulphur, Hexachlorobenzene, Aldrin, etc.) and their respective test methods are specified.
The Regulations also cover contaminant limits for some heavy metals (e.g. arsenic, cadmium,

18
nickel, copper, zinc, etc.) together with their test methods. Most of the pollutants covered in these
regulations will not be produced from the project activities in appreciable concentrations.
However, there is a potential for soil pollution from diesel used by generator and vehicles during
the construction phase. Fossil fuels will be applied in a rational manner to minimize residues and
consequently soil and water pollution.

Relevance to project: The proponent will manage well all solid and liquid wastes to be generated
and oils pills at each project phase to avoid the soil contamination.

3.3.6 The Water Supply and Sanitation Act, 2009

The Water Supply and Sanitation Act, No. 12 of 2009, is the principal legislation aiming at
promoting and ensuring the right of every person in Tanzania to have access to efficient, effective
and sustainable water supply and sanitation services for all purposes.
Upon operation, the proposed project will have an obligation to guarantee protection and
conservation of water sources through avoiding discharge of wastes to water sources or water
bodies, both surface and underground.

3.3.7 The Water Resources Management Act, 2009

The Water Resources Management Act No.11 of 2009 provides for institutional and legal
framework for sustainable management and development of water resources. The objective of this
Act is to ensure that the nation’s water resources are protected, used, developed, conserved,
managed and controlled. The Act emphasizes prevention and controlling of pollution and
degradation of water resources. Section 39 of the Act stipulates that, an owner or occupier of land
on which any activity or process is undertaken which causes or is likely to cause pollution of water
sources, shall take all reasonable measures to prevent any such pollution from occurring. Also, the
Act emphasizes on the issue of water use permits as it requires any person who abstracts or uses
water from surface or underground water sources to apply for a water use permit.

3.3.8 The Workers Compensation Act, 2008

This Act provides for compensation to employees for disablement of death caused by or resulting
from injuries or diseases sustained or contracted in the course of employment and establishment
of Fund for administration and regulation of workers compensation. Under this Act, proponent
shall be obliged to compensate employees in case of injuries, death, and diseases while rendering
19
their services to the employer. The proposed project will involve construction and operation phases
which may subject workers into injuries or health risks. It is therefore a responsibility of the project
proponent to make sure that all requirements of this Act and working standards are adhered to in
order to ensure safe working environment for workers and prevent accidents and other
occupational health and safety risks.

Relevance of the project: The proponent to make sure that all requirements of this Act and
working standards are adhered to in order to ensure safe working environment for workers and
prevent accidents and other occupational health and safety risks. Compensation may be considered
in case of injury due to proponent’s fault or negligence. However, compensation will not be
considered if is due to negligence of the worker to follow and abide to safety and health working
procedures.

3.3.9 The Occupiers Liability Act, 1968

This Act governs the liability of occupiers and others for injury or damage resulting to persons or
goods lawfully on any land or other property from dangers due to the state of the property or things
done or omitted to be done thereon. The Act emphasizes the proponent (occupier) to be responsible
in ensuring safety for the visitors around project premises. Due to the nature of the project the
proponent shall have a duty of care for all visitors to ensure that they are reasonably safe in using
the premises for the purposes for which they have been invited or permitted by the proponent to
be there.

3.3.10 The Employment and Labor Relations Act, 2004

This Act entails provisions for all core Labor rights and related matters including to; establish basic
employment standards, provide a framework for collective bargaining, provide for the prevention
and settlement of disputes. As the proponent shall employ people during construction and
operation of the proposed project s/he should make sure that all the requirement of this Act is
adhered to.

Relevance to the project: The proponent shall ensure that s/he promotes an equal opportunity in
employment and strives to eliminate discrimination in any employment policy or practice. S/he
should provide the legal framework for effective and fair employment relations and minimum
standards regarding conditions of work.

20
3.3.11 The HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act, 2008

This Act governs prevention, treatment, care, support and control of HIV and AIDS; public health
issues in relation to HIV and AIDS, and provision of appropriate treatment, care and support using
available resources to people living with or at risk of HIV and AIDS and to provide for related
matters.

Relevance to the project: The relevance of this Act to this proposed project is that it requires the
employer to establish and coordinate a workplace programme on HIV and AIDS for employees
under proponent’s control and such programme shall include provision of gender responsive HIV
and AIDS education, distribution of condoms and support to people living with HIV and AIDS.
The proponent therefore, shall have a responsibility to promote awareness to its workers on causes,
modes of transmission consequences, prevention and control of HIV and AIDS.

3.3.12 The Public Health Act, 2009

Part (IV) c on Solid and Liquid Waste Management, it recommends management of solid and
liquid wastes generated in accordance with sustainable plans prepared by respective Authority;
and ensure appropriate sorting of wastes is made at the source, and that it is in accordance with
standards or specifications prescribed by the authority.
It further explains that one should ensure that the solid and liquid wastes are classified and
appropriately stored depending on whether they are organic, plastic, glass or metal waste; and
prescribe appropriate methods for storage of different categories of solid and liquid wastes.

Relevance to the project: The proponent is responsible for managing all solid and liquid wastes
which will be produced during the project construction and operation phases.

3.3.13 Land Use Planning Act No 8 of 2007

The National land Use Plan Commission (NLUPC) was established under this Act as the Principle
advisory organ of the Government on all matters related to land use. Among other things, the Act
recommends measures to ensure that Government policies, including those for development and
conservation of land are in harmony. It also takes adequate account of their effects on land use and
seeks the advancement of scientific knowledge of changes in land use. It encourages development
of technology to prevent, or minimize adverse effects that endanger man’s health and his/her

21
welfare. It also specifies standards, norms and criteria for beneficial uses and maintenance of the
quality of land.

Relevance to the project: It is therefore the responsibility of the proponent of the proposed
development to make sure that the project adhered to sustainable land use practices by protecting
the environment from pollution degradation and destruction in order to attain sustainable
development.

3.3.14 The Engineers registration Act, 1997

There is hereby established a Board known as the Engineers Registration Board which has the
responsibility of regulating the activities and conduct of engineers and of engineering consulting
firms in accordance with the functions and powers conferred upon it by this Act. No person shall
take up or continue in any employment as a professional engineer unless he is a registered engineer.
Any person who contravenes any provision of this section commits an offence and upon
conviction is liable to a fine of' no less than one million shillings; or to imprisonment for it term
not exceeding two years or to both that fine and imprisonment. In this section ''employ'' means
employ under a contract of service and ''employment'' shall be construed accordingly. Where an
employer employs any person as a trainee engineer, or technician engineer this section shall not
apply to that employer or that employee in relation to the employee's employment. Where an
employee is a foreigner, subsection (V) of this section shall not apply.

Relevance to the project: Project development activities will involve engineering works for
proper designs and construction of project facilities; the developer shall ensure compliance with
the act by contracting certified registered engineers.

3.3.15 The Local Government (Urban Authority) Act Cap 288 R: E 2002

The Act has conferred more powers to the authority through entering into agreement and with the
prior approval of the Minister, to acquire any land or right over or to the use of any land, within or
without its area of jurisdiction, for the purposes of any of its functions. With the approval of the
Minister it may request the President to exercise the powers to acquire land conferred on him under
the Land Acquisition Act, Cap 118 (R.E 2002), in respect of any land whether within or without
the area of its jurisdiction. It may also request the President to exercise the power conferred on
him by the Land Act to revoke a right of occupancy in respect any such land concerned. Where

22
the President agrees to such request the purpose for which the authority made the request shall be
deemed to be a public purpose for the purposes of the Land Acquisition Act and good cause for
the revocation of a right of occupancy within the meaning of section 10 of the Land Act. Regarding
expenses for compensation all expenses and compensation incurred in respect of acquisition of
any land by the President or the revocation of any such right of occupancy shall be paid by the
President but the authority shall pay to the President.

Relevance to the project: The proponent shall ensure compliance with the provisions of this act
by adherence with the functions of the act that is promoting the social welfare and economic well-
being of all persons within its area of jurisdiction as well as furthering the social and economic
development of its area of jurisdiction.

3.3.16 The Land Acquisition Act Cap 118 of 2002

(1) Land shall be deemed to be required for a public purpose where it is–
a) for exclusive Government use, for general public use, for any Government scheme,
for the development of agricultural land or for the provision of sites for industrial,
agricultural or commercial development, social services or housing
b) For or in connection with sanitary improvement of any kind, including
reclamations;
c) For or in connection with the laying out of any new city, municipality, township or
minor settlement or the extension or improvement of any existing city, municipality,
township or minor settlement;
d) For or in connection with the development of any airfield, port or harbor;
e) For or in connection with mining for minerals or oil;
f) For use by any person or group of persons who, in the opinion of the President,
should be granted such land for agricultural development.

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3.4 Relevant Regulations and Guidelines

3.4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulation G.N. 349 of 2005

These regulations were prepared under EMA 2004 and require developers to conduct an
Environmental Impact Assessment for any project likely to have negative impacts on the
environment. Application for an Environmental Impact Assessment certificate is necessary for
such project. These regulations thus set procedures for conducting EIA and environmental audit
in the country. The regulations also require registration of EIA experts. This ESIA has been
conducted and prepared in observance of this requirement.

Relevance to the project: The project is an undertaking that require environmental impact
assessment before its authorization so that the project is not implemented and operated at the
expense of the environment. This is to ensure socially, economically and environmentally
sustainable development.

3.5 Institutional Framework for the Management of Environment

3.5.1 Overall management responsibility

The institutional arrangement for environmental management in Tanzania is well spelt out in the
EMA (2004). There are seven (7) institutions mentioned by the act, of which the Minister
Responsible for the Environment is the overall in-charge for administration of all matters relating
to the environment.
The legal institutions for environmental management in the country include;
• National Environmental Advisory Committee;
• Minister responsible for Environment;
• Director of Environment;
• National Environment Management Council (NEMC);
• Sector Ministries;
• Regional Secretariat;
• Local Government Authorities (City, City, District, Township, Ward, Village, sub-
village “Mtaa and Kitongoji”)

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3.5.2 National Environmental Advisory Committee

The National Advisory Environmental Committee is comprised of members with experience in

various fields of environmental management in the public and private sector and in civil society.
The committee advises the Minister on any matter related to environmental management. Other
functions include:
• Examine any matter that may be referred to it by the Minister or any sector Ministry
relating to the protection and management of the environment;
• Review and advise the Minister on any environmental plans, environmental impact
assessment of major projects and activities for which an environmental impact review is
necessary;
• Review the achievement of objectives, goals and targets set by NEMC and advise the
Minister accordingly;
• Review and advise the Minister on any environmental standards, guidelines and
regulations;
• Receive and deliberate on the reports from Sector Ministries regarding the protection and
management of the environment;
• Perform other environmental advisory services to the Minister as may be necessary.
The National Environmental Advisory Committee shall advice the minister pertaining to the
issuance of the Environmental Certificate upon the review of this ESIA.

3.5.3 Minister Responsible for Environment

The Minister is responsible for matters relating to environment, including giving policy guidelines
necessary for the promotion, protection and sustainable management of the environment in
Tanzania. The Minister approves EIA studies and may also delegate the power of approval for an
EIA to the DoE, Local Government Authorities or Sector Ministries. The Minister also:
• Prescribes (in the regulations) the qualifications of persons who may conduct an EIA;
• Reviews NEMC reports on the approval of an EIA;
• Issues an EIA certificate for projects subject to an EIA;
• Suspends an EIA certificate in case of non-compliance.

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 Regarding to this project the minister shall review NEMC reports on the approval of this EIA
before issuing the certificate.

3.5.4 Director of Environment

The Director of Environment heads the Office of the Director of Environment and is appointed by
the President of the United Republic of Tanzania. The functions of the Director of Environment
include:
• Coordination of various environmental management activities undertaken by other
agencies;
• Promotion of the integration of environmental considerations into development policies,
plans, programs, strategies, projects;
• Undertaking strategic environmental risk assessments with a view to ensuring the proper
management and rational utilization of environmental resources on a sustainable basis
for the improvement of quality of human life in Tanzania;
• Advise the Government on legislative and other measures for the management of the
environment or the implementation of the relevant international environmental
agreements in the field of environment;
• Monitoring and assessing activities undertaken by relevant Sector Ministries and
agencies;
• Preparation and issuing of reports on the state of the environment in Tanzania through
relevant agencies;
• Coordination of issues relating to articulation and implementation of environmental
management aspects of other sector policies and the National Environment Policy.

3.5.5 National Environment Management Council (NEMC)

The NEMC's purpose and objective is to undertake enforcement, compliance, review and
monitoring of EIA’s and to facilitate public participation in environmental decision-making.
According to the Environmental Management Act Cap the NEMC has the following responsibility
pertaining to EIA in Tanzania:
• Registers experts and firms authorized to conduct EIA;
• Registers projects subject to EIA;
• Determines the scope of the EIA;

26
 • Set-ups cross-sectoral TAC to advise on EIA reviews;
• Requests additional information to complete the EIA review;
• Assesses and comments on EIA, in collaboration with other stakeholders,
• Convenes public hearings to obtain comments on the proposed project;
• Recommends to the Minister to approve, reject, or approve with conditions specific EIS;
• Monitors the effects of activities on the environment;
• Controls the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP);
• Makes recommendations on whether to revoke EIA Certificates in case of noncompliance;
• Promotes public environmental awareness;
• Conducts Environmental Audits

Concerning this project NEMC was responsible for its Registration at the initial stages. NEMC
also determines the scope of the EIA to be conducted, Set-ups cross-sectoral TAC to advise on
EIA reviews, recommends to the Minister to approve, reject, or approve with conditions specific
EIS and Controls the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

3.5.6 Sector Ministries

In the existing institutional and legal framework, the Sector Ministries are required to establish
Sector Environmental Sections headed by the Sector Environmental Coordinator. The Sector
Ministries’ Environmental Sections;
• Ensure environmental compliance by the Sector Ministry;
• Ensure all environmental matters falling under the sector ministry are implemented and
report of their implementation is submitted to the DoE;
• Liaise with the DoE and the NEMC on matters involving the environment and all matters
with respect to which cooperation or shared responsibility is desirable or required;
• Ensure that environmental concerns are integrated into the ministry or departmental
development planning and project implementation in a way which protects the
environment;
• Evaluate existing and proposed policies and legislation and recommend measures to ensure
that those policies and legislation take adequate account of effect on the environment;

27
 • Prepare and coordinate the implementation of environmental action plans at national and
local levels;
• Promote public awareness of environmental issues through educational programmes and
dissemination of information;
• Refer to the NEMC any matter related to the environment;
• Undertake analysis of the environmental impact of sectoral legislation, regulation, policies,
plans, strategies and programmes through strategic environmental assessment (SEA);
• Ensure that sectoral standards are environmentally sound;
• Oversee the preparation of and implementation of all EIA’s required for investments in the
sector;
• Ensure compliance with the various regulations, guidelines and procedures issued by the
Minister responsible for the environment and;
• Work closely with the ministry responsible for local government to provide environmental
advice and technical support to district level staff working in the sector.

3.5.7 Local Government Authorities

Under the Local Government Act of 1982 (Urban and District Authorities), Local Government
Authorities include the City Councils, Municipal Councils, District Councils, Town Councils,
Township, Ward, Mtaa, Village and Kitongoji.

The Environmental Management Committee of each jurisdiction:

• Initiates inquiries and investigations regarding any allegation related to the environment
and implementation of or violation of provisions of the Environmental Management Act;
• Requests any person to provide information or explanation about any matter related to
the environment;
• Resolves conflicts among individual persons, companies, agencies nongovernmental
organizations, government departments or institutions about their respective functions,
duties, mandates, obligations or activities;
• Inspects and examines any premises, street, vehicle, aircraft or any other place or article
which it believes, or has reasonable cause to believe, that pollutant or other articles or
substances believed to be pollutant are kept or transported;

28
 • Requires any person to remove such pollutants at their own cost without causing harm to
health and;
• Initiates proceedings of civil or criminal nature against any person, company, agency,
department or institution that fails or refuses to comply with any directive issued by any
such Committee.

Under the Environmental Management Act Cap. 191, the City, Municipal, District and Town
Councils are headed by Environmental Inspectors who are responsible for environmental matters.
The functions of the inspectors are to:
• Ensure enforcement of the Environmental Management Act in their respective areas;
Advice the Environmental Management Committee on all environmental matters;
• Promote awareness in their areas on the protection of the environment and conservation
of natural resources;
• Collect and manage information on the environment and the utilization of natural
resources;
• Prepare periodic reports on the state of the local environment;
• Monitor the preparation, review and approval of EIA’s for local investors;
• Review by-laws on environmental management and on sector specific activities related
to the environment;
• Report to the DoE and the Director General of the NEMC on the implementation of the
Environmental Management Act and;
• Perform other functions as may be assigned by the local government authority from time
to time.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITION

3.1 Introduction
This section describes the environmental and social baseline conditions as they relate to the
proposed study. These include physical, biological and socio-economic environment, and services
as well as economic infrastructure within the core project area and the marginal zones. The sub-
sections of physical environment, socio- economic characteristics and demographic characteristics
are based on secondary data, observation at marginal level and the primary data obtained during
field work at the core project area. The methods used to obtain both primary and secondary data
included review of documents, internet search and measurement on field work.

3.2 Geographical Location

Dar es Salaam City lies between Longitude 39o and 40o East and between Latitude 60 and 70 South
of the Equator. As a part of Dar es Salaam Region, Kariakoo is located in the South of the city
center. It is one of the most advanced and almost luxury residential area. Specifically, the project
site is administratively located at Aggrey Streets, Kariakoo ward, within Dar es salaam City
Council in Dar es Salaam Region. The geographical location of the project site is within the
coordinate points of -6.820320 latitude and 39.279073 longitude at an elevation level of 16 meters
above the mean sea level.

3.3 Physical Environment

The project site experiences climatic condition (like any other places in Dar es Salaam region)
which is a modified type of equatorial climate which is generally hot and humid throughout the
year

3.2.1 Rainfall
Generally, coastal region experiences a bimodal rainfall pattern with a distinct long wet rainy
season beginning from March to May and short rains between October and December. The average
annual rainfall is 1300mm.

30
3.2.2 Temperature
The annual mean temperature is 29°C. However, there is a difference in temperature. The hottest
season is from October to March while the relatively cool season is from May to August with
temperature around 25°C.

3.2.3 Wind characteristics

Dominating winds around the project area are the Southwest monsoon winds which blow from
April to October and Northeast monsoon winds blowing between November and March. These
winds have an influence on the nature of climate around Coastal region
Visibility: Normally visibility within project area is very clear.

3.2.4 Topography
Topography in Kariakoo ward is generally flat mixed with small hills. These hills are characterized
by weathered slopes and well drained with unconsolidated clay bond sands. The project site is on
a gentle slope rising from 28 -30m above the sea level. The site was leveled during previous
construction activities.

3.3 Economic activities.

The main economic activities taking place in Dar es Salaam City are retailing businesses including
small and medium shops, hotels, bars and restaurants, transportation services, clearing and
forwarding, agro-businesses, medical businesses, handcraft businesses, banking businesses and
construction business. These activities employ about 45% of the total population of Dar es Salaam
City. They play a significant role to the City’s economy in terms of revenue and in provision of
job opportunities to the residents. In Kariakoo Ward, shop salesmen, small-scale traders and
laborers are the dominant economic activities of the people. The project is one of the economic
activities that have positively impacted economic growth of the area through payment of service
levy and taxes to Dar es Salaam City Council.

3.4 Ethnicity
The main native ethnic groups in Dar es Salaam City are the Zaramo and Ndengereko. However,
due to urbanization, many people of different ethnic backgrounds have immigrated into the City
making it heterogonous in terms of tribal composition. There is no single ethnic group that
accounts for more than 25% of the total population.

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 CHAPTER FIVE

STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT AND PARTICIPATION

5.1 Introduction

Stakeholder participation is a cornerstone of any EIA since it ensures that all the interested and
affected parties are involved in the project. It also ensures collaboration between the proponent,
interested and affected parties throughout all the phases of a project cycle.

The stakeholders for this project are considered to be any organization, group or individual who is
potentially affected by the proposed project, or who has an interest in the proposed project and its
potential impacts. The stakeholder is defined as It is therefore important to establish which
organizations, groups and individuals may be directly or indirectly affected (positively and
negatively) by the proposed Project and which might have an interest in the proposed Project. The
employees associated with the project are the internal stakeholders of the project. Other parties are
the external stakeholders. It should be noted that stakeholder identification is an ongoing process,
requiring regular review and updates.

Thus, this section outlines a range of stakeholders consulted in the EIA process for the proposed
development. This chapter identifies stakeholders and synthesizes their concerns regarding the
proposed development in short by highlighting the most commonly and significantly noted
views. However, all the views from stakeholders have largely been reflected in the whole
document as the issues, problems and concerns discussed in the document comes from the
stakeholder consulted as well professional observation and assessment by the EIA team.
The objectives of public consultation process in the EIA process include the following:

• Invite affected and interested people into the decision-making process to foster justice, equity
and collaboration;
• Inform and educate the public on the planned intervention and its consequences;
• Gather data and information from the public about their human (including cultural, social,
economic and political dimensions) and biophysical environment, as well as about the relations
(including those related to traditional and local knowledge) they have with their environment;

32
• Seek input and opinions from the public on the planned intervention, including its scale, timing
and ways to reduce its negative impacts and to increase its positive benefits;
• Contribute to better analysis and more creative development, and consequently to a better
public acceptance and support.
• Contribute to mutual learning of all parties and to improvement of the Public Participation and
Environmental impact assessment practice.

5.2 Method of Stakeholder involvement and data collection

The main methods followed in this EIA included site visits and dialogue with key stakeholders as
well as analysis of secondary information. Physical visits were made to selected stakeholders in
Dar es salaam City Council offices, Kariakoo Ward, Aggrey Street, and the community
surrounding the project area.

5.3 Identification of Stakeholders

Identification of stakeholders is a first and essential step in effective engagement. It is

necessary to determine exactly who the stakeholders are and understand their priorities and
objectives in relation to the proposed project. By classifying and analyzing the stance,
influence, capacity and interests of stakeholders it will be possible to develop a plan that is
tailored to the needs of different stakeholder groups. This information is then used to tailor
engagement to each type of stakeholder. As part of this, it is important to identify individuals
and groups who may find it more difficult to participate and those who may be differentially
or disproportionately affected by the Project because of their marginalized or vulnerable
status.
It is also important to understand how each stakeholder may be affected - or perceives they may
be affected – so that engagement can be tailored to inform them and understand their views and
concerns in an appropriate manner.
The following stakeholders were identified during this study;
• Dar es salaam City Council (Environmental, Town planning, and Land officials)
• Kariakoo Ward (Ward Executive Officer)
• Aggrey Street (Mtaa Executive officer)
• Community around the project area (Neighbors)
33
Table 5.1: List of stakeholders consulted and their views
S/N NAME OF INSTITUTION/ENTINTY TITLE/POSITION VIEWS
STAKEHOLDER
1 Farida Mwanga Dar es salaam City Council Town planning • The proponent should follow all
Officer instructions, regulations and codes within
the planning concept.
2 Asha Shelimo Dar es salaam City Council Environmental • Monitoring of solid waste should be
Management adhered from construction to operation
Officer (EMO) phase. It is also, advisable to communicate
and cooperate with Mtaa offices on solid
waste management
• Workers should be provided with
appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPEs) during construction phase to avoid
possible accidents or injuries during
working.
• The proponent should ensure presence of
qualified First Aid Kit and trained First
Aider to assist in case of injuries and
accidents.

34
 • The proponent should ensure proper
installation of the drainage system and
stormwater management.
• The proponent/contractor should avoid
noise pollution during operation phase, and
should ensure regular maintenance of
machines.
• The contactor/proponent should put in place
warning/informative/direction signs during
construction phase.
• The proponent/should strengthen
cooperation with Ward and Mtaa
throughout the project.
3 Muki M.Senashida Dar es salaam City Council Land Surveyor • The proponent should observe boundaries
to avoid unecessary queries/conflicts in the
future.
4 Alice Nadoo Kariakoo Ward /Ward executive • The construction should be in the manner
Office that will avoid disposal/ dumping of wastes
from the storey building to another storey or
any other place not designed for waste
collection/disposal.

35
5 Jestina P. Aggrey Street Mtaa Executive • The construction should adhere to all waste
Mwainyekule Officer management regulations and protocols, and
should not pollute or bring nuisance to their
neighbors surrounding the project area.
6 Esther Salum OSHA Hygiene Inspector • The project should be registered to OSHA
through WIMs
• The proponent should: Prepare
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)
policy, Prepare OHS risk assessment,
Request Medical Checkup for workers,
Provide PPEs according to the distribution
of activities, provide safe and clean water,
Train workers/First Aider/ SHE
representative and Work at Height, Book
record for inspections, Have OSHA file.
• The proponent should observe proper
electrical installation.
7 Ibrahim Kilowono Fire and Rescue Force CPL (Plan/Estate) • The proponent should submit the Fire plan
review (Engineering drawing) which should
show:
Symbols comply (NFPA 170)

36
 Hydrant system (Stand pipe and horse pipe
system comply (14 NFPA)
Schematic drawings should match
hydraulic calculations
Calculation demand of water that will fulfill
in case of fire emergency
Means of escape/agress (NFPA 161)
Fire installation (Detections and alarming
systems (NFPA 24)
8 Kumain Dhalla Nearby Community Neighbor • The project should proceed, there is no
nuisance.
9 Sikudahani Nearby Community Neighbor • The construction should proceed, there is no
Ahmadi nuisance.
10 Anthon Joseph Nearby Community Neighbor • The project should ensure wastes are
properly handled to prevent nuisance to the
nearby neighbors.

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 CHAPTER SIX

IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION AND PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

6.1 Introduction

The proposed construction of commercial and residential building will be undertaken in various
phases, each phase depending on the nature of activities involved will result into a number of social
and environmental impacts to the locality. Therefore, like any other development project in
Kariakoo ward in Dar es salaam city council, a number of minor to major environmental impacts
are likely to occur from planning, site clearance, construction, operation and decommissioning.
Thus, project alternatives, impacts identification and mitigation measures are considered to ensure
project sustainability.

6.2 Impacts Identification

Impacts identification is a process designed to ensure that all potential significant impacts are
identified and taken into account in project design and implementation. A number of ‘tools’ are
available to assist in impact identification. In this ESIA study, a checklist and matrix methods were
used. The checklists which have been developed from previous experiences provide lists of
potential impacts associated with specific activities. They provide a quick method of identifying
the impacts and help the practitioners to avoid overlooking some of the potential impacts
associated with a particular activity. The matrix provides a rather systematic way of evaluating the
identified impacts.

6.3 Impacts during Mobilization and Construction Phase

Positive Impacts

6.3.1 Employment opportunities

Communities near the proposed project development will benefit in terms of job opportunities for
those who will be employed by the project. The local people either will be employed directly by

38
the contractor or indirectly by other businesses linked to it (i.e. food vendors who are mostly
women will benefit through supplying of food to the laborer during mobilization, construction and
decommissioning phases). Employment will be in form of contractors, skilled laborer as well as
unskilled laborer. The impact is considered positive, short term, direct, and of moderate
significance.

6.3.2 Provision of market for supply of building materials

The project requires supply of large quantities of building materials most, of which are sourced
locally in Dar es Salaam areas. This provides ready market for building material suppliers such as
quarrying companies, hardware shops and individuals with such materials. The impact is
considered positive, short term, direct, and of moderate significance.

6.3.3 Informal Business Growth

During construction period the informal sector will benefit from the operations. This will involve
different local entrepreneurs such as local food vending (Mama Lishe) operators who will be
selling their products and services to be used on site. Such a move for instance, shall promote
Mama Lishe entrepreneurs in the local areas as most of the workers working on the proposed
project site will be buying food from them. The impact is considered positive, short term, direct,
and of moderate significance.

Negative impacts

6.3.4 Air Pollution due to dust and exhaust emissions

Air pollution is quite likely to occur during construction phase, this is due to traffic and other
equipment using fossil fuels that release hydrocarbons and other gases including carbon dioxide,
nitrous oxides, Sulphur oxides, and particulate matters which may pollute the air. Likewise,
activities like land clearing, vehicle movement, excavations for sheds and buildings foundations,
construction drive ways and landscaping may generate dust especially during the dry season. Other
sources of air pollution will occur if the moving vehicles are not covered and will lead to dust
along the route. Dust and exhaust emissions generated will impair local atmospheric condition.
The impact receptors are likely to include site workers and nearby community as well as
people/community centers along the route. The impact is considered negative, cumulative, short
term and of moderate significance.
39
6.3.5 Noise pollution
Noise is considered as an interference to and imposition upon comfort, health and the quality of
life. Given the conditions like exposure limit, time and noise levels, noise may have both
physiological as well as psychological effects on human health. During construction phase noise
is expected from machinery working on site, trucks transporting materials to and from the site and
other tool to be involved. The impact is considered negative, short term and of low to moderate
significance.

6.3.6 Impacts of Vibration

Construction activity can result in varying degrees of ground vibration, depending on equipment
and method employed. Vibration will be produced by construction vehicles, plant and machinery
during delivery of materials, processing of materials, and actual construction work. The
construction activities are expected to not generate the most severe vibrations. Due to limited
machinery activities and number of operational vehicles, the impacts of vibration are expected to
be low and localized. The impact is considered negative, short term and of low to moderate
significance.

6.3.7 Water Pollution

The machinery and vehicles operating at site will required fossil fuels i.e. gasoline and engine oil
for their operation. This if not handled properly during operation and servicing might leak and
result into soil and water resource contamination of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon spills around the
construction site should be avoided to minimize health hazards to personnel. Impacts associated
with oil, grease and fuel spillage include among others soil pollution, surface and groundwater
pollution as well as degradation of farm land. Surface water quality may be polluted due to
increased erosion, run off from construction site, and contamination in the event of oil spills from
equipment and machinery. The impact is considered negative, short -term and of low
significance.

6.3.8 Impacts due to mismanagement of solid wastes

Solid wastes: Main sources of construction waste are top soil (overburden), scrape metals,
asbestos, remnant of timbers and domestic waste from construction crews. During construction of
the proposed project a lot of solid waste will be generated. These include papers used for packing

40
cement, plastics, timber remains, landscape and land clearing debris, asphalt pavement, gravel and
aggregate products, concrete, masonry scrap and rubble (brick, concrete masonry, stone) among
others. These will have an implication on dump environment. The extent of this impact is localized
with a low intensity. It is likely that the impact may occur. The impact can be highly
improved/eliminated with mitigation. Therefore, the impact is considered negative, short-term
and of low to moderate significance.

6.3.9 Impacts due to mismanagement of wastewater

The waste generated need adequate haulage facilities and at the right time. Inadequate management
of the waste will create unsightly condition at the site. Main liquid waste generation associated
with construction activities will be domestic wastewater which will be triggered by employed labor
force during construction. Thus, in order to prevent impacts of disease outbreak and groundwater
contamination proper management of wastewater should be implemented. The impact is
considered negative, short-term and of moderate significance.

6.3.10 Workers Accidents and Hazards

Construction workers are prone to accidents resulting from construction activities. These accidents
may have acute or chronic impacts depending on nature, severity and intensity. In this regard,
construction and mobilization activities of the commercial and residential building could result
into accidental injuries and hazards, etc. which could negatively impact the workforce. According
to the National OHS Act of 2003 causes of accidents in construction sites includes but not limited
to poor site layout; poor erection and improper use of scaffolds; falling objects from high level
such as poles; improper method of lifting; sharp edges; improper use of Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE); inadequate provisions of PPE; falling through uncovered openings especially
at upper floor levels and carelessness of workers. The impacts are considered negative, short
term and of high significance.

6.3.11 Public Health Hazards (HIV/AIDs and STDs Spread)

The project is expecting to employ a significant number of workers during mobilization and
construction phase. Social interactions among workers and with locals cannot be avoided.
Considering the nature with which HIV/AIDS is contracted and spread, this number is significant

41
to make a serious contribution to the pandemic. The impact is considered negative, short term
and of high significance.

6.3.12 Traffic congestion

During construction phase high number of trucks loading construction materials from point source
to the site is expected to be high, whereby all trucks will use the existing road to pass through. So,
there is a possibility of traffic jam to occur to all who use such road for their daily activities.
However, due to the location of the project site, the impact of traffic congestion is expected to be
low. The impact is considered negative, short term of low significance.
short term of low significance.

6.4 Impacts during Operation phase

Positive impacts

6.3.1 Employment opportunities and benefits

The project will provide benefits to both renter and the rented through the rent contract. However,
the project also will provide indirect employment opportunities to people since people will be
employed in the commercial rooms that will be selling various goods/commodities or those
providing services. The impact is considered positive, short term, and of moderate significance.

6.4.2 Aesthetic and Beautification of the area

The development of the proposed building will provide new look to the entrance of the building
and its attractive physical appearance of which was previously not there. Therefore, the presence
of the proposed commercial and residential building will beautify the area. The impact is
considered positive, long-term and of low significance.

6.3.3 Informal Business Growth

During operation phase the informal sector will benefit from the operations. This will involve
different local entrepreneurs such as local food vending (Mama Lishe) operators who will be
selling their products and services to workers in the commercial rooms within the building and
thus, most of the workers working on the commercial and residential building will be buying food

42
from them. The impact is considered positive, short term, direct, and of low to moderate
significance.

Negative impacts

6.4.4 Health and safety risks due to fire hazards

Buildings are very prone to fire hazards because of different types of combustible materials and
machines which, are used and installed, respectively. Electrical fault is by large the main culprit
in fire accidents in blocks in Tanzania. The components of a fire are fuel (combustible substance),
heat and oxygen. Unless all three are present fire will not occur. Fire can cause the following
effects such as loss of lives, serious injuries, loss of properties etc. The impact is considered
positive, long-term and of high significance.

6.4.5 Impacts due to mismanagement of wastes

The general rule of thumb is that, as the population in a given area increase, the amount of wastes
generated by those individuals also increases. Thus, since the commercial and residential building
at the project area will accommodate more people the amount of wastes (both solid and liquid
wastes) that will be generated will also be high. Solid wastes will mainly include waste food,
wastes papers, cardboards, boxes and food wastes are inherent in mixed use the building. Also,
liquid wastes from the latrines are also expected to increase as compared to the quantities produced
now. Inadequate management of these wastes shall create unsightly condition on the area. Also,
groundwater pollution, spread of diseases such as cholera may result if not handled and managed
properly. The impact is considered negative, long-term and of high significance.

6.5 Impacts during Decommission phase

Decommissioning of the proposed project will become necessary when the project completes its
life cycle or when there is change of use. In a situation where the buildings complete their lifecycle,
decommissioning process will typically involve dismantling of the structures, demolition of the
buildings, and developing the area to useful condition. After decommissioning, the area may be
developed to useful land through landscaping and/ or planting of vegetation. the following impacts
are inevitable during decommission phase; -

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6.5.1 Air Pollution due to Dust Emission

As noted above the demolition process will entail breaking of walling and reinforced slabs using
sledge hammers and/or jack hammers, which utilize compressed air and lowering of materials from
high to low levels. The exercise will inevitably generate dust into the atmosphere. Furthermore,
the land levelling and grading while reinstating the area close to its nature condition will also
generate dust to the atmosphere as well as transportation of debris and other unwanted materials
from the site. Dust generated may impair local atmospheric condition. The impact receptors are
likely to include site workers and nearby. The likelihood for public health concerns for onsite
activities is minimal due to few structures to be demolished. The impact is considered negative,
short term and of low to moderate significance.

6.5.2 Air Pollution due to Exhaust Emission

The trucks and earth moving equipment will be used for demolition works that will emit exhaust
fumes which are unwanted atmospheric pollutants. Atmospheric pollutants from engines of
vehicles/machinery include SO2, NOx, CO2 and particulate matters. Main impact is impairment of
local air quality, the extent of which will depend on quantities emitted, duration and prevailing
atmospheric conditions. However, for demolition works to be involved the equipment to be
involved will be fewer compared during construction. Thus, the exhausts emissions from the
machineries/vehicles will neither have significance impacts to the local air quality nor to the global
pollution. The impact of air pollution due to exhaust emission is considered negative,
cumulative, short term and of low significance.

6.5.3 Noise Pollution from Demolishing Works

The demolition process will entail removal of roofing materials using crowbars and hammers,
breaking of walling and reinforced slabs using sledge hammers and/or jack hammers, which utilize
compressed air and lowering of materials from high to low levels. The exercise will inevitably
result into generation of noise the aspect of which might create hazard condition to the receptors.
However, the nearby community and the workers within the plant site will be exposed to the
excessive noise levels generated, the aspect of which is covered under occupational health and
safety hazards. This is considered to be negative, short-term and of low significance.

44
6.5.4 Traffic Accidents

The demolition activities as indicated in previous sections will involve transportation of demolition
materials from the site to the disposal sites away from the source. Traffic accidents involving both
the workers and the general public can be expected to occur if precautions are not taken. Drivers
might cause accident to children in the residential areas along the route. The impact is negative,
short term and of high significance.

6.5.5 Occupational Health and Safety Hazards

The demolition works and reinstating the site close to its natural condition will definitely results
into various occupational health and safety hazards which is care is not taken might result into
long-term health effects, injuries, fatal and loss of life as well as damage to properties. Some of
the hazards are obvious which require some management; issues like excessive noise levels from
the machinery, excessive dust emission from earth works. Injuries to construction workers may
result from moving equipment. The impacts are considered negative, short term and of high
significance.

6.6 Project Alternatives

Consideration of project alternatives is crucial in ensuring that the Proponent and decision- makers
have a wider base from which they can choose the most appropriate option. In this scoping report
and the EIA in general, the following alternatives are considered and will be examined in detail
during the EIA process:

6.6.1 Evaluation of Alternatives

The considered alternatives were based on a no action option, choice of technology and sitting
options as detailed below.

The No Action Option

This option is a suitable alternative from an extreme environmental perspective as it ensures
maintaining the site in its previous natural condition therefore this option would be adopted if the
project site is ecologically fragile. The No Action Option is the last preferred from the socio-
economic perspective. This option however involves several losses not only to the project
Proponent but also to the public, the economic status of local people in Dar es salaam City would

45
remain unchanged, local skills would remain under-utilized, no employment opportunities would
be created for the Tanzanians who would work in the proposed project area and there would be no
incentive for investors. From the socio-economic perspective, this option is not adopted.

Technology and Design Options

The proposed project will involve establishment of a commercial and residential building. The
adopted technology has been designed to suit the available functional space at the area. This is the
appropriately selected design given the nature of the use, designed height of the building, available
plot size, service requirements and structural complexity.

Sitting option
The option of using another site apart from the proposed one was not considered because the
proposed project site is easily accessible due to the availability of access roads. It is also a
convenient area for receiving visitors from all over the country as it is located at the Aggrey street
on the right-hand side of Lumumba highway as on moves from Fire bus stop towards Dar es salaam
City Council.

46
 CHAPTER SEVEN

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR POTENTIAL IMPACTS

7.1 Introduction

The impacts which are most likely to affect the environment and human health in the execution of
the proposed project have been identified and analyzed in Chapter 6. Based on the analysis and
hence classification of the most significant environmental impacts, this chapter proposes the
mitigation measures for the negative impacts and enhancement measures of those positive ones.
The standards upon which the mitigation measures are targeted, the responsible entity and the
associated mitigation costs are presented as part of the Environmental and Social Management
Plan in Chapter 8.

7.2 Enhancement and mitigation measures during Mobilization and Construction phases

7.2.1 Employment opportunities

Enhancement measures
• As part of the bidding requirements the contractor shall be encouraged to employ local,
unemployed yet willing to work hard, manpower to the extent viable subject to a maximum
of 50% unskilled labor. This will ensure that local people are more benefited out of the
project;
• Employment will be on the basis of non-discrimination / equal opportunities for both
genders as well as free of other forms of discrimination on the basis of individual
characteristics;

7.2.2 Provision of market for supply of building materials

Enhancement measures
• Building materials will be ensured that are sourced from local suppliers with certified
license in Dar es salaam region.
• Contractors will ensure monitoring of labor standards among contractors, sub-contractors,
workers and service providers;

47
7.2.3 Informal business growth

Enhancement measures
• Mama Lishe entrepreneurs shall be encouraged to provide quality food and services at the
project site through early engagement of likely requirements.

7.2.4 Air pollution due to dust and exhaust emissions

Mitigation measures

Impairment of Air Quality Due to Dust

• Protect stockpiles of friable material subject to wind through wetting;

• Cover loads with of friable material during transportation; and
• Speed limits will be instituted to drivers and especially in routes passing in community
centers areas and during dry or dusty conditions.

Impairment of air quality due to emissions

• Equipment shall be maintained in good running condition, no equipment to be used that

generates excessive black smoke;
• Enforce vehicle road restrictions to avoid excess emissions from engine overloading,
where practical switching off engines will be done when not in use;
• There will be routine inspection of equipment;
• Trucks transporting materials shall be fully covered; and
• Turn off engines to reduce idling.

7.2.5 Noise pollution

Mitigation measures
• Activities that will generate excessive/disturbing noise conditions will be restricted to
daytime hours only
• Speed limits will be instituted to drivers and especially in routes passing in community
centers areas.
• Training to drivers on safe drive

48
 • The contractor shall inform in advance any local communities and/or residents that could
be disturbed by noise generating activities such as drilling or compacting and shall try to
keep such activities to a minimum;
• Machine operators in various sections with significant noise levels shall be provided with
noise protective gear; and
• Construction equipment shall be selected, operated and maintained to minimize noise.

7.2.6 Impacts due to vibration

Mitigation measures
.
• Activities that may involve vibration will be restricted to daytime hours only,
• Impact pile driving shall be avoided where possible in vibration sensitive areas; and
• Vibratory rollers and packers shall be avoided.

7.2.7 Water pollution

Mitigation measures
• All excavated unwanted materials will be stockpiled away from drainage features.
• Prior instructions to contractor on handling of hazardous waste such as oils, lubricants and
gasoline during construction process will be provided.
• Emergency response measures will be put on site in case of major accidental oil spill that
will include having absorbent materials and sand kits.
• Hydrocarbons to include oil, grease and Fuel is stored at designated area that will have
concrete surface with the containment bund.

7.2.8 Impacts due to mismanagement of solid wastes

Mitigation measures (Solid waste)

• Garbage collection points shall be provided in strategic areas to collect all the waste from
the buildings and surroundings
• The contractor shall have adequate facilities for handling the construction waste;

49
 • Topsoil shall be stock piled and used for reclamation or re-vegetation practice at the site
during landscaping.
• The garbage collection points shall be emptied once twice week by a contracted waste
collector; and
• Special care will be taken to wastes that emanates from the ablution facilities and other
units.
• Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a designated area prior to collection and
disposal;
• Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof;
• Waste storage area if any, will be fenced off to prevent wind-blown litter;
• No burning, on-site burying or dumping of waste shall occur;

7.2.9 Impacts due to mismanagement of solid wastes

Mitigation measures (Liquid waste)

• Wastewater shall be properly treated in the Septic Tank Before disposal into the Soak
Away Pit within the site;
• Contractor shall be instructed to put on his/her methodologies for handling hazardous
waste such as oils, lubricants and non-combustible waste; and
• Proper waste management shall be emphasized to all personnel, operators and services
providers.

7.2.10 Workers accidents and hazards

Mitigation measures
• Provision of health and safety induction course to all workers;
• Installing proper code of conduct and work ethics among workers and ensure that they
are observed;
• Provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to all workers and enforce their use;
• Installing first aid kit and hire trained personnel to provide first aid;
• Workers shall be educated on their own safety and safety of others.

50
7.2.11 Public health hazards (HIV/AIDs and STDs spread)

Mitigation measures
The following are suggested to be undertaken to minimize cases of both HIV/AIDs and STDs;
• Workers will be sensitized on the issue of HIV/AIDs and STDs and on the usage of
appropriate tools like condoms etc.
• The contractor shall deploy locally available labor to reduce risks of spreading of
communicable diseases (especially STD).

7.2.12 Traffic congestion

Mitigation measures

• Trucks will be moving to and from the project site at an acceptable interval and therefore
preventing/minimizing piling of trucks.

7.3 Enhancement and mitigation measures during operational phase

7.3.1 Imparting spiritual knowledge

Enhancement measures
• Provision of quality spiritual and daily life knowledge

7.3.2 Aesthetic and beautification of the area

Enhancement measures
• Maintenance of the building to continue its attractive appearance
• Planting some vegetation/flowers at convenient places of the project site

7.3.3 Informal business growth

Enhancement measures
• Mama Lishe entrepreneurs shall be encouraged to provide quality food and services at the
project site through early engagement of likely requirements.

7.3.4 Health and safety risks due to fire hazards

Mitigation measures

51
 • Installing fighting equipment including fire extinguishers, fire horse reel at the site where
will be easily accessible;
• Installing fire detectors, Fire assembly point and exit route with the project area;
• All workers should be trained on the use of firefighting equipment; and
• There should be regular maintenance of fire-fighting equipment and facilities

7.3.5 Impacts due to mismanagement of wastes

Mitigation measures (Solid wastes)

• Garbage collection points shall be provided in strategic areas to collect all the waste from
the buildings and surroundings
• The garbage collection points shall be emptied once twice week by a contracted waste
collector
Mitigation measures (liquid wastes)

● Wastewater shall be properly treated in the Septic Tank Before disposal into the Soak
Away Pit within the site;
● Contractor shall be instructed to put on his/her methodologies for handling hazardous
waste such as oils, lubricants and non-combustible waste; and
● Awareness on waste management shall be done to all personnel, operators and services
providers.

7.4 Mitigation measures during Decommission phase

7.4.1 Air pollution due to dust emission

Mitigation measures
• All fine earth materials will be enclosed during transportation to the construction site to
prevent dust generation along the route. Trucks used for that purpose will be fitted with
tailgates that close properly and with tarpaulins to cover the materials.

52
 • Protection and well-being of the employees shall be ensured by minimizing their
vulnerabilities to dust generated by the machinery on-site. The contractor shall use an
appropriate shift system and take care that his workers wear necessary protection gears like
masks, safety glasses, and ensure that the necessary and standard precautions are rigorously
followed to prevent human health impacts.
• Measures to suppress dust shall be applied to include watering the area vulnerable for dust
in the specific potential dust area within the project area; and
• Demolition works to be carried out only during daytime.

7.4.2 Air pollution due to exhaust emission

Mitigation measures

• Equipment maintenance shall be undertaken in accordance with manufacturer’s

instructions and at the specified maintenance interval to reduce exhaust emission; and
• Equipment operators will be trained in and will follow equipment operational guidelines.

7.4.3 Noise pollution from demolishing works

Mitigation measures

• The contractor shall restrict all demolition activities that result in undue noise disturbance
to local communities and/or dwellings (e.g. drilling etc.) to daylight hours on weekdays.
• The contractor shall inform in advance any local communities and/or residents that could
be disturbed by noise generating activities such as drilling or compacting and shall try to
keep such activities to a minimum;
• The contractor shall be responsible for compliance with the relevant legislation with
respect to noise;

7.4.4 Traffic accidents

Mitigation measures

• The contractor shall only engage qualified drivers with appropriate driving license
marching with the intended vehicle to be used.

53
 • Induction course shall be done to all drivers prior starting the demolition works, and new
coming drivers shall be subjected to induction course prior giving the vehicles.
• Further drivers shall be sensitized among others to maintaining speed limits for main roads
and on constructed access road(s).
• Provision of road and safety signs to the public as well as drivers shall be given to the site
that are to be followed/used by project drivers.

7.4.5 Occupational health and safety hazards

Mitigation measures

• Accidents will be minimized through proper maintenance of the machines, protecting or

guarding the cutting edges, and awareness of the people including workers on the dangers
and make them understand how to protect themselves and others.
• On the other hand, the supervisors shall ensure that safety measures are in place and are
enforced (implemented) including wearing safety gears.
• Also, the contractor shall provide adequate training to construction workers on the health
and safety impacts of the construction and shall provide protective gear to construction
workers. Approved working hours (i.e., eight hours per day) shall be observed in order to
avoid careless, mishandling due to fatigue.

54
 CHAPTER EIGHT

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 Introduction

The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is a plan for monitoring and managing
the impacts during various project implementation phases. The ESMP is a document, which
encompasses all major environmental and social impacts associated with project construction and
its alternative mitigation and monitoring measures. The ESMP addresses specific issues to be
managed at the construction site and ensures that commitments made during the planning phase
are incorporated into design, construction, operational and demobilization phases of the project.

Thus, ESMP indicate institutional responsibilities, time to take the action and estimated costs.
Based on the EMA (2004), NEMC is expected to ensure compliance of all the agreed conditions.
The project proponent is committed to implementing the mitigation measures suggested by ESMP.
The principal environmental and social cost includes the cost for implementing the mitigation
measures proposed. These costs are indicated in Table 8.1. The proponent shall cover all the costs
proposed in the ESMP.

55
Table 8.1: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
POTENTIAL ESTIMATED
IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES RESPONSIBILITY COST (TSH.)

MOBILIZATION AND CONSTRUCTION PHASES

Air pollution due to • Protect stockpiles of friable material subject to wind
dust and exhaust through wetting;
emissions • Cover loads with of friable material during transportation;
and
• Speed limits will be instituted to drivers and especially in
routes passing in community centers areas and during dry or
dusty conditions.

• Equipment shall be maintained in good running condition,

no equipment to be used that generates excessive black
smoke; Contractor 1,000,000/=

• Enforce vehicle road restrictions to avoid excess emissions

from engine overloading, where practical switching off
engines will be done when not in use;
• There will be routine inspection of equipment;
• Trucks transporting materials shall be fully covered; and

56
 • Turn off engines to reduce idling.
Noise pollution • Activities that will generate excessive/disturbing noise
conditions will be restricted to daytime hours only
• Speed limits will be instituted to drivers and especially in
routes passing in community centers areas.
• Training to drivers on safe drive
• The contractor shall inform in advance any local
communities and/or residents that could be disturbed by
noise generating activities such as drilling or compacting
and shall try to keep such activities to a minimum;
• Machine operators in various sections with significant noise Contractor 500,000/=

levels shall be provided with noise protective gear; and

• Construction equipment shall be selected, operated and
maintained to minimize noise.
Impacts due to • Activities that may involve vibration will be restricted to
vibration daytime hours only,
• Impact pile driving shall be avoided where possible in
vibration sensitive areas; and Contractor 300,000/=
• Vibratory rollers and packers shall be avoided.
Water pollution • All excavated unwanted materials will be stockpiled away
from drainage features.

57
 • Prior instructions to contractor on handling of hazardous
waste such as oils, lubricants and gasoline during Contractor 500,000/=
construction process will be provided.
• Emergency response measures will be put on site in case of
major accidental oil spill that will include having absorbent
materials and sand kits.
• Hydrocarbons to include oil, grease and Fuel is stored at
designated area that will have concrete surface with the
containment bund.
Impacts due to Solid waste:
mismanagement of • Garbage collection points shall be provided in strategic
solid wastes areas to collect all the waste from the buildings and
surroundings
• The contractor shall have adequate facilities for handling
the construction waste;
• Topsoil shall be stock piled and used for reclamation or re-
vegetation practice at the site during landscaping.
• The garbage collection points shall be emptied once twice Contractor 1,000,0000/=

week by a contracted waste collector; and

• Special care will be taken to wastes that emanates from the
ablution facilities and other units.

58
 • Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a
designated area prior to collection and disposal;
• Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof,
weatherproof and scavenger proof;
• Waste storage area if any, will be fenced off to prevent
wind-blown litter;
• No burning, on-site burying or dumping of waste shall
occur.
Impacts due to Liquid waste:
mismanagement of • Wastewater shall be properly treated in the Septic Tank
wastewater Before disposal into the Soak Away Pit within the site;
• Contractor shall be instructed to put on his/her
methodologies for handling hazardous waste such as oils, Contractor 1,000,000/=
lubricants and non-combustible waste; and
• Proper waste management shall be emphasized to all
personnel, operators and services providers.
Workers accidents • Provision of health and safety induction course to all
and hazards workers;
• Installing proper code of conduct and work ethics among
workers and ensure that they are observed;
• Provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to all
workers and enforce their use;

59
 • Installing first aid kit and hire trained personnel to provide
first aid; Contractor 1,000,000/=
• Workers shall be educated on their own safety and safety
of others.
Public health • Workers will be sensitized on the issue of HIV/AIDs and
hazards (HIV/AIDs STDs and on the usage of appropriate tools like condoms
and STDs spread) etc.
• The contractor shall deploy locally available labor to reduce Contractor 500,000/=
risks of spreading of communicable diseases (especially
STD).
Traffic congestion • Trucks will be moving to and from the project site at an
Contractor
acceptable interval and therefore preventing/minimizing 300,000/=
piling of trucks.

OPERATION PHASE
Health and safety • Installing fighting equipment including fire extinguishers,
risks due to fire fire horse reel at the site where will be easily accessible;
hazards • Installing fire detectors, Fire assembly point and exit route
with the project area;
• All workers should be trained on the use of firefighting
1,000,000/=
equipment; and Proponent

60
 • There should be regular maintenance of fire-fighting
equipment and facilities
Impacts due to Solid wastes:
mismanagement of • Garbage collection points shall be provided in strategic
wastes areas to collect all the waste from the buildings and
surroundings
• The garbage collection points shall be emptied once twice
week by a contracted waste collector
• Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof,
weatherproof and scavenger proof;
• Waste storage area if any, will be fenced off to prevent 2,000,000/=
proponent
wind-blown litter;
Liquid wastes:
• Wastewater shall be properly treated in the Septic Tank
Before disposal into the Soak Away Pit within the site;
• Contractor shall be instructed to put on his/her
methodologies for handling hazardous waste such as oils,
lubricants and non-combustible waste; and
• Awareness on waste management shall be done to all
personnel, operators and services providers.

DECOMMISSION PHASE

61
Air pollution due to • All fine earth materials will be enclosed during
dust emission transportation to the construction site to prevent dust
generation along the route. Trucks used for that purpose will
be fitted with tailgates that close properly and with
tarpaulins to cover the materials.
• Protection and well-being of the employees shall be ensured
by minimizing their vulnerabilities to dust generated by the
machinery on-site. The contractor shall use an appropriate Contractor/
shift system and take care that his workers wear necessary proponent 1,000,000/=
protection gears like masks, safety glasses, and ensure that
the necessary and standard precautions are rigorously
followed to prevent human health impacts.
• Measures to suppress dust shall be applied to include
watering the area vulnerable for dust in the specific potential
dust area within the project area; and
• Demolition works to be carried out only during daytime.

Air pollution due to • Equipment maintenance shall be undertaken in accordance

exhaust emission with manufacturer’s instructions and at the specified
maintenance interval to reduce exhaust emission; and
• Equipment operators will be trained in and will follow
equipment operational guidelines.

62
Noise pollution from • The contractor shall restrict all demolition activities that
demolishing works result in undue noise disturbance to local communities
and/or dwellings (e.g. drilling etc.) to daylight hours on
weekdays.
• The contractor shall inform in advance any local
communities and/or residents that could be disturbed by
Contractor/ 800,000/=
noise generating activities such as drilling or compacting
proponent
and shall try to keep such activities to a minimum;
• The contractor shall be responsible for compliance with the
relevant legislation with respect to noise;
Traffic accidents • The contractor shall only engage qualified drivers with
appropriate driving license marching with the intended
vehicle to be used.
• Induction course shall be done to all drivers prior starting
the demolition works, and new coming drivers shall be
subjected to induction course prior giving the vehicles.
• Further drivers shall be sensitized among others to Contractor/ 500,000/=
maintaining speed limits for main roads and on constructed Proponent
access road(s).
• Provision of road and safety signs to the public as well as
drivers shall be given to the site that are to be followed/used
by project drivers.

63
Occupational health • Accidents will be minimized through proper maintenance
and safety hazards of the machines, protecting or guarding the cutting edges,
and awareness of the people including workers on the
dangers and make them understand how to protect
themselves and others.
• On the other hand, the supervisors shall ensure that safety
measures are in place and are enforced (implemented) Contractor/
including wearing safety gears. Proponent 1,000,000/=
• Also, the contractor shall provide adequate training to
construction workers on the health and safety impacts of the
construction and shall provide protective gear to
construction workers. Approved working hours (i.e., eight
hours per day) shall be observed in order to avoid careless,
mishandling due to fatigue.

TOTAL 12,400,000/=

Source: Work done by Consultant.

64
 CHAPTER NINE

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN

9.1 Introduction

Monitoring is a long-term process, which should start from the beginning of the project and should
continue throughout the life of the project. Monitoring involves the continuous or periodic review
of Renovation/Upgrading, operation and maintenance activities to determine the effectiveness of
recommended mitigation measures. Consequently, trends in environmental degradation or
improvement can be established and previously unforeseen impacts can be identified or pre-
emptied. The outcomes of the monitoring will be recorded and assessed by the proponents and
their contractual representatives during construction and operations of the proposed building as to
either conforms or otherwise with the ESMP. Where non-compliance is observed the necessary
corrective actions will be implemented as soon as possible such that the environmental or social
impact is addressed and returned to acceptable levels.
To ensure that mitigation measures are properly done, monitoring is essential. Table 9.1 provides
details of the attributes to be monitored, frequency, and institutional responsibility and estimated
costs. These costs are only approximations and therefore indicative.

65
Table 9.1: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan
Potential Parameter to Monito Measure Measuring Target Responsibility Est.
Phase

Impacts/Envir be ring ment methods/equip level/perfor costs in

onmental monitored freque Units ment mance TSh.
aspects ncy
Air pollution Particulate Monthl Mg/m3 Dust Track Contractor 1,000,0
due to dust and matter (TSP, y aerosol 00/=
exhaust PM10, PM2.5) particulate
emissions monitor,
SO2, NOX,
CO2, CO Portable Gas
Mobilization and Construction phase

analyzer
Noise pollution Noise level Monthl dBA Sound meter Offsite 1,000,0
y Day <55 00/=
Onsite
Day<70
Impacts due to Vibration Quarter mm/s Vibration meter 500,00
vibration level/intensit ly PPV 0/=
y
Water pollution BOD, Total Quarter mg/l, m2 Laboratory BOD<30 800,00
coliform (TC) ly analysis TC<100 0/=

Hydrocarbon
s/oil &
grease/ area Monthl
affected y

66
Impacts due to Solid Weekly None Site inspection, Zero 1,000,0
mismanagement wastes/litter inspecti Observation litter/No Contractor, 00/=
of wastes on observed Proponent
wastes on
open
environment
Workers Accidents/inc Monthl Number Reviewing Zero Contractor, Proponent 800,00
accidents and idents, y accident/incide accident 0/=
hazards nt records
PPEs, Safety
signs, safety
procedures,
safety Construct
training ion Documents
done, site/worki review, visual,
periodic ng area interview Done / in
medical place
checks,
safety
inspection
Public health Protective Monthl Construct visual, Zero Contractor, Proponent 500,00
hazards gears i.e., y ion site/ interview HIV/AIDs 0/=
(HIV/AIDs and condoms, nearby and STDs
STDs spread) Awareness on area transmission.
HIV/AIDs
and STDs
among
workers.

67
 Traffic Licensed & Quarter N/A Inspection/obse No Contractor, 500,00
congestion trained ly rvation congestion 0/=
drivers, caused by
project
trucks
Health and Measures in Monthl N/A Thermometer, Temp. <35, 1,000,0
safety risks due place e.g. fire y 00/=
to fire hazards alarms, fire Proponent
detectors,
firefighting
equipment,
equipment
Operational Phase

inspection,
fire
training,
emergency
alarm,
Impacts due to Solid Weekly None Site inspection, Zero Proponent 1,500,0
mismanagement wastes/litter inspecti Observation, litter/No 00/=
of wastes on observed
wastes on
ope
n
environment
Air pollution TSP, PM10, Monthl mg/m3 Dust Track TSP < 0.23, Contractor/ 400,00
Decommissio

due to dust PM2.5, y Aerosol PM10 < 0.05 0/=

n phase

emission Particulate &

Monitor PM2.5 <
0.025

68
Air pollution SO2, NOx, Monthl mg/m3 portable Gas SO2< 0.5, Contractor/ 500,00
due to exhaust CO2, y Analyzer NOx < 0.2, 0/=
emission CO, CO2 < 500,
CO <30,
Noise pollution Noise level Monthl dBA Sound meter Offsite Contractor/ 400,00
from y stations Workers 0/=
demolishing Day < 55,
works Night <
45
Onsite
stations
Day <70,
Night <
60
Traffic Measures in Quarter N/A Inspection/obse Done/ in Transporter/Proponen 800,00
accidents place; ly rvation, place t/Contractor 0/=
Licensed & document
trained review
drivers,
Awareness
of safe drive,
safety signs,
road humps,
awareness to
community
& pupils
along the
routes.

69
Occupational Noise levels Monthly dBA Sound 200,00
health and meter 0/=
safety hazards Accident/in Monthly Number Reviewing
cident accident/in Contractor/
cident Proponent
records
PPEs, Monthly N/A Documents
Safety review,
signs, visu
safety al,
procedures, interview
safety
training
done,
periodic
checks,
inspection,
medical
safety
TOTAL 10,900,000/=

Source: Work done by Consultant

70
 CHAPTER TEN

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT

10.1 Introduction.

This section addresses financial analysis, economic analysis of the project and an
extended cost-benefit analysis for the proposed project. The cost benefit analysis
provided here uses approximate values as the project is still in the procurement process
therefore real values cannot be used at this endeavor.

10.2 Benefits Related to the Project

The project would be beneficial during the operation as it will provide opportunities
and space for conducting various businesses and place for living. Several benefits are
associated with the proposed development both at local, and national levels in terms
of economic welfare and living standards.
The proposed project will generate employment opportunities during construction and
operation phases, which may be filled by local people with relevant skills.
Nevertheless, employment opportunities and benefit therein will depend on whether
suitably qualified local personnel that can take up positions are available. Capacity
building therefore is a prerequisite for the benefits to be realized. Alongside capacity
building, there shall be a need for putting in place deliberate policies that would force
developers in the proposed projects to employ local labor with the requisite skills and
experience.

Also, communities near the proposed project development will benefit from various
goods and services that that will be offered at the area near to their residences. Due to
the anticipated positive influence of the proposed project on peoples’ economic and
social welfare, the society and nation at large will significantly benefit if the project
is implemented.

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10.3 Cost Related to the Project

The construction of the commercial building will take account of costs for Parking
lots and other outdoor features, cost for building services (water supply and waste
management) and other assets as well as salary for workers and laborers who will be
engaged in construction and operation of the facility. The total investment costs for
the establishment of the proposed building is approximately Tanzanian Shillings
(1,000,000,000/= TSH).

The estimated costs for environmental management do not include environmental

costs are TSH 12,400,000/= and that of the environmental monitoring is TSH
10,900,000/=. Thus, makes a total of TSH 23,3000,000. Since total cost of the
environmental management and environmental monitoring is lower than the total
project investment cost, thus the project will be beneficial to the proponent both
socially and environmentally.

10.4 Conclusion on Cost Benefit Analysis

For the proposed project, the environmental and social costs are relatively lower in
value as discussed in the previous section and are thus far outweighed by the benefits
to be realized from this project. The consideration of “No-Project” or “Do–Nothing”
option is dismissed as an alternative due to the need and desirability of the proposed
commercial and residential building for worshipping purposes. Therefore, Aggrey
Mtaa, Kariakoo ward, Dar es Salaam city and the country at large stand to benefit
significantly (both directly and indirectly) if the project is implemented. So, it is on
this basis that the consultant recommends that this project should proceed while
implementing the proposed mitigation measures.

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 CHAPTER ELEVEN

PRELIMINARY DECOMMISSIONING PLAN

11.1 Introduction

Decommissioning is a general term for a formal process to remove something from active status.
The developer will have to close the facility and rehabilitate the site useful.
Project removal will begin three months after closure and continue for six months. Within the three
months from closure. The proponent will inventory all component that need to be removed and
disposed of. This inventory will include building structures, equipment, to be
demolished/dismantled debtors to be settled. Also, mode of disposal will have to be finalized. This
information will assist in the preparation of the final decommissioning plan for approval by
NEMC.

11.2 Project closure and schedule

Project decommissioning will take place in five phases (1) pre – removal monitoring (2) permitting
3) interim protective measures 4) project removal and associated protective actions: and 5) post –
removal activities, including monitoring of environment and socio-economic activities.
✓ Pre - removal monitoring: includes environmental and social economic status of the
building and the surrounding. This period will be used to inventories all assets and facilities
that need to be disposed of and to prepare a final decommissioning plan for approval by
NEMC.
✓ Permitting: The proponent should obtain all permits required to undertake removal of the
project. These basically include NEMC, Local government councils etc.
✓ Interim Protective Action: this will take care of any interim protective measure that needs
to be implemented to protect human health and environment.
✓ Post - removal Activities: post -removal activities monitoring will continue after.
The main challenge with this process will be how to deal with the solid waste generated from the
demolition of the structure and excavating the infrastructures of the outdoor features for safe
disposal. Proper handling methods including disposal of solid waste must be followed as outlined

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in this EIA report. The contractor shall ensure the closure is undertaken in safer and in a manner
that:
✓ minimizes environmental impacts;
✓ satisfies the Proponent’s obligations under the EMA (2004); and
✓ restores the site to a condition suitable for use.

The decommission activities will begin 3 months after closure when environmental assessment
is also concluded and this will last for about another three months considering that there will be
major civil activities for decommissioning. The Proponent will undertake inventory of all
components that need to be removed. This information will also assist in the preparation of the
environmental assessment decommissioning for approval by the National Environment
Management Council (NEMC).
After the approval of the closure assessment report then those elements that will require physical
removal can start to be removed.

11.3 Landscaping and Rehabilitation

Once the entire project components will have been removed from site, activities to restore the site
will be undertaken; this will include planting of fast-growing trees or grass which exist within and
around the project site to compensate for the lost flora. The soil layers will be segregated
accordingly so as to facilitate the correct restoration profile.

11.4 Closure Cost Estimates

Due to chosen closure option the following are deduced to be the costs estimates based on activities
to be undertaken. However, this are just present costs that shall be factored in the future based on
fiscal changes between the two elapsed time. Table 11.1 shows the cost estimate of
decommissioning plan.

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Table 11.1: Proposed Closure cost estimates for decommissioning plan
S/N ACTIVITY RESIPONSIBILITY TIME COST (TSH.)

1 Notification of
Decommissioning 4 months before
Contractor 800,000/=
internally and decommissioning
externally
2 Awareness raising Contractor
to
tenants and nearby
3 months before
neighbors will be 500,000/=
decommissioning
conducted to
inform them on
project termination
3 Project Contractor 3 months before
environmental decommissioning 800,000/=
audit for disposal
4 Securing Contractor
decommissioning 500,000/=
permit
5 Disposition Contractor
includes cessation
1,000,000/=
of contracts or
task orders,
6 Some building Contractor
structures will be
demolished and
machines will be 1,600,000/=
disposed-off,
wastes will be
disposed-off,

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 wastes will be
disposed safely.

7 Landscaping and Contractor

rehabilitation of 8000,000/=
the area
GLAND TOTAL 6,000,000/=
Source: Work done by Consultant

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 CHAPTER TWELVE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

12.1 Summary

The study has scrutinized the environmental and social implications of the proposed commercial
and residential building at Aggrey Street, Kariakoo Ward, Dar es Salaam City Council in Dar
es Salaam region, Tanzania. It is evident that development of the proposed project will result in
overall growth and development in the area as a result of supporting commercial activities and
residential need. The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (EIA) study for the project
indicates that, the potential negative impacts can be mitigated without any major effect to the
siting and surrounding environment. The potential impacts associated with the project mostly
vary from low through moderate to high significance and can be mitigated as shown in the
Environmental and Social Management plan of chapter eight to this document.
The project will be implemented on the environment where there are no pristine environment
conditions to be significantly affected by the project. Furthermore, at site and in the vicinity of
the project site there is no ecological sensitive receptors such as national park, forest reserve,
game reserve etc. that the project could pose serious threat to these sensitive components.

12.2 Conclusion

The study concludes that a number of environmental impacts have been identified and assessed;
none of these are considered to be that severe after mitigation as to prevent the further planning,
and development of the project in the area. Thus, the project development in the area can be
considered suitable subject to the implementation of the mitigation measures as indicated in the
Environmental and Social Management Plan. Further, in order to further sustainability of the
project in the area it is recommended that, the proposed Monitoring Plan should be implemented
accordingly for consistence efficacy of mitigation measures or timely corrective measures before
significant impacts to the environment and social components.

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 REFERENCES

1. Environmental Management (EIA and EA) (amendment) Regulations, 2018

2. Environmental Management (EIA and EA) Regulations, 2005
3. Environmental Management (Fees and Charges) Regulations, 2019
4. URT, 2004, The National Environmental Management Act,
5. Construction Industry Policy (2003)
6. Contractors Registration Act (1997)
7. Employment and Labour Relations Act No. 6 0f 2004
8. Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority Act, 2001
9. Energy Policy (1992)
10. Engineers Registration Act (2007)
11. Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing Regulations (2005)
12. Explosives Act (1963) and Explosives Regulation (1964)
13. Land Use Planning Act (2007)
14. Local Government (District Authorities) Act, 1982.
15. Local Government Act of 1982
16. Mining Act (1998)
17. National Environmental Policy (NEP) of 1997
18. National Gender Policy (2002)
19. National Human Settlements Development Policy (2000)
20. National Land Policy (1995)
21. National Policy on HIV/AIDS (2001)
22. Occupation Health Safety (2003)
23. Occupational Health Safety (2003)
24. The Architects and Quantity Surveyors Act (1997)
25. The Constitution of Tanzania (1977-1995)
26. The Environmental Management Act Cap. 191
27. The HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act of 2008
28. The Land Act No. 4 of 1999
29. The Local Government Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act (1999)
30. The National Water Policy (2002)

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31. The Tanzania 2025 Development Vision
32. The Urban Planning Act (2007)
33. The Water Supply and Sanitation Act No. 12 of 2009

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 APPENDICES

Appendix I: Tax Payer Identification Number (TIN)

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Appendix II: Certificate of Occupancy

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Appendix III: Site Layout Plan

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Appendix IV: Consultation form

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