Suma

Asociativa 12+3=3+12
Conmutativa ( a+ b ) +c −3+5+ 8=10
a+ ( b+c ) (−3+5 )+ 8=10
−3+ ( 5+ 8 )=10
Elemento neutro 7+ 0=7
Inverso aditivo −(−a )=a
−( a )=−a

Ejercicios de suma

1. 3.4+ 15.7=19.1
2. −5+ (−2 ) =−7
3. −2.5+ (−5.6 )+ 9.7=1.6
4. (−9 )+ (−11 )+ (5 )=−15

5. ( −12 )+( 32 )+( −52 )=−812

6. ( −125 )+( −34 )+ 203 =−155
+( )
2 −2 8
7. =
3 7 21

8. ( −49 )+(−68 )= −79

Resta
3 4 7
1. − =
2 5 10
6 6 4
2. − =
9 15 15

3.
15
− ( )
24 −11 7
15
=
3
3 7 −1
4. − =
4 8 8
7 4 −1
5. − =
10 5 10
8 4 −12
6. − =
25 5 25
−16 9 −25
7. − =
25 25 25
 8.
2 −1 11
3
−
4
= ( )
12

Multiplicación 6.−3∗−2∗4∗−5=−120
Conmutativa ab=ba 7.−3∗−9=27
5 ( 3 )=3 ( 5 ) 8. 5∗4∗2∗−1=−60
9.−7∗4=−28
Asociativa 10. −212∗0=0

a ( bc )=( ab ) c 11. ( −16

20 )( −6
8 )=
3
15

12. ( )(
8 3 ) 4
3 −2 −1
8 ( 2 ⋅5 )=( 8 ⋅2 ) 5 =

13. ( )( )
−5 5 −5
8 ⋅ ( 10 )= (16 ) ⋅ 5 =
16 15 48
80=80 14. 23.4∗10.75=251.550
15. 16.3∗2.3=37.49
Elemento neutro
1 ( 9 )=9
1 ( 5 x )=5 x

Inverso multiplicativo
4 1 4
⋅ = =1
1 4 4

Distribución respecto a suma

a ( b+ c )=ab+ ac
3 ( 4 +5 )=3 ( 4 ) +3 ( 5 )
3 ( 9 ) =27=12+15=27

Distribución respecto a resta

a ( b−c )=ab−ac

Cancelación
ac=bc
5 ( 3 )=5 ⋅ ( 3 )
53
=5
3
Multiplicación por cero

1 ( 0 )=0
5 x ( 0 )=0

Ejercicios de multiplicación

4 3 1
1. × =
15 8 10

2.
4 9( )
3 −8 −6
=
9

3. (
−7 −8
10 21 ) =
4
15
4. −5∗4∗2∗−1=40
5. −7∗−3∗−2=−42
División

1. −72 ÷8=−9
2. 0 ÷ 45=0
3. 36 ÷−6=−6
4. 10 ÷−2=−5
5. −64 ÷ 8=−8
6. −6 ÷ 0=0
7. 24 ÷−3=−8
8. −70 ÷−2=35
9. −27 ÷ 9=3
10. −81 ÷−3=27

Potenciación (exponentes)

x ⋅ x =x → 3 ⋅3 =3 =3 =27
n m n+m 2 1 2 +1 3

xm 57 25
n
=x m−n
→ 4
=5 7−4
=5 3
−2
=25−(−2 )=27
x 5 2
( x ) ❑ =x → ( b ) ❑ =b ( y ) ❑3= y−6
n m n +m 2 3 6 −2

() ( )
x
y
n x 2 4 x8
❑ = 3 ❑ = 12
y y

Ejercicios de potenciación
1. x 3 ⋅ x 7=x 10 15.( w2 ) ❑5=w 10
b 0
2. x−4 ⋅ x 9=x 5 16. =b =1
b
 12
w 5
3. w−4 ⋅w 0=w−4 17. 7
=w
w
x3 b2 −3
4. 7
=x −4 18. 5 =b
x b

( )
2 −8 10
b −4 b x
4
5. w ⋅w =w 10 14❑
19. 5 ❑ = −10 = 8
x x b
6. ( y 3 ) ❑− 4= y −12 20.( x 2 ) ❑3 ( x 3 ) ❑4 =x18

7.
( )
5 a2 b 2 25 a4 b 2 25 a 4 25 a4 −a6 25 a−2
3
2a b
❑= 6 2
4a b
=
4a
6
=
4
=
4
21.( y 3 ) ❑−2 ( y 2 ) ❑−4 = y−14

x
8
0 ( y 2 ) ❑5 16
8. 8 =x =1 22. 3 −2 y
x ( y )❑
9. (−2 x 2 y 5 z 4 ) ❑2=4 x 4 y10 z 8
10. n 4 ⋅ n−9=n−5
11. b ⋅ b 4=b5
12. n3 ⋅n0 =n3
7
x 3
13. 4 =x
x
y5 −4
14. 9 = y
y
Radicales

Ejemplos (radical-exponente)

1
1. √1 4=¿ ¿4 2
2
2. √3 22=¿ ¿2 3
3
3. √4 53=¿ ¿5 4
1
4. √ ❑7 2
5
5. √3 4 5=¿ ¿4 3
5
6. √7 35=¿ ¿3 7
Ejemplo (exponente-radical)

3
1. 2 4 =√
4 3
2
1
2. 27 3 =√
3
27
1
3. 9 2 = √
2
9
3
4. b 4 =√
4 3
b
 2
√
5. m 5 = 5 m2
5
6. x 9 =√
9 5
x

Ejercicios de forma radical

1
1. √ ❑2 2
3
2. √ ❑5 2
2
3. √3 32=¿ ¿3 3
3
4. √4 53=¿ ¿5 4
4
5. √3 x 4=¿ ¿ x 3

Forma exponencial

1
1. 5 2 = √❑
1
2. 8 3 = 3 8
√
1
3. 15 4 =√
4
15
3
√
4. 5 4 = 4 53
2
5. 4 3 = √
3 2
4

1. √ ❑1
2. √ ❑6
3. √
3
25=¿ ¿ 5
4. √4 81=¿ ¿3
5. √4 16=¿¿ 2
6. √ ❑7
7. √
3
1=¿ ¿1
8. √−1=¿ ¿−1
3

9. √3 8=¿ ¿2
10. √3
−8=¿ ¿−2
11. √ 27=¿ ¿3
3

12. √3
−27=¿ ¿−3
13. √ 64=¿ ¿4
3

Evaluar expresion 2 x3 −5 x 2−3 x + √ ❑

 x 4 2
a 2 16 -8
b -2 14 27

a 2 ( 2 ) ❑3 −5 (2 )❑2−3 ( 2 ) + √ ❑
16−20−6 +4−(−2 )
16−20−6 +4 +2
−4−6+4 +2
−10+ 4+2
−6+ 2
−4

b 2(−2 ) ❑3−5 (−2 ) ❑2−3 (−2 ) + √ ❑

−16+20+ 6+2−3
−36+6 +2−3
−30+2−3
−28−3
−31

Jerarquia de operadores

Ejemplos
20 ÷ 5+2⋅ 3 2+3−9 ÷ 3
20 ÷ 5+2⋅ 9+3−9÷ 3
4 +18+3−3
22+3−3
25−3
22
2 −[ 3+ 3 (−7 ) ❑ + ( 1−4 ) ❑ −36 ÷ 4 ]
3 2 3

2 −[ 3+ 16+ ( 1−4 ) ❑ −36 ÷ 4 ]

3 3

2 − [ 3+16−27−36 ÷ 4 ]
3

23− [ 3+16−27−9 ]
2 − [ 19−27−9 ]
3

23− [−8−9 ]
23− [−17 ]
23 +17
8+17
25
Ejercicios

1. 3∗22+ 9 ÷3−4∗5+ 23
3∗4 +9 ÷ 3−4∗5+8
12+3−20+8
15−12
3
2. 12+6 ÷ 2+3∗2−16
12+3+6−16
15−10
5
3. 3 [ ( 2−5 )❑2−4 ( 2−3 ) ❑3 +6 ( 7−9 )+30 ÷ 6−2 ]
3 [ −9+ 4−12+5−2 ]
3 [4 ]
12

5+3 [ 8−( 5−3 ) ]

2
4.
5+3 [ 8−(−4 ) ]
5+3 [ 12 ]
5+36
41

3 3
5. 4∗2 +18 ÷ 9−3 −10
4∗8+18 ÷ 9−27−10
32+2−27−10
−3

6. [ 25−5 ( 4 ) ÷−( −4 ( 3−7 ) −15÷ 3 ) ]

[ 32−20 ] ÷−( 16−15 ÷ 3 )
12 ÷−[ −11 ]
12 ÷11
1.09

7. [−9+ ( 7−5 )❑2− (2+1 ) ❑3 +4 ( 5 )−9 ÷ 3 ]

[ −9+ 4−27+20−3 ]
−15

8. 18 ÷ 3−3∗4 +5−19 ÷ 2
6−12+5+7
−8

9. −5∗22−24 ÷ 4 +3∗5−4
−5∗4−6+ 15−4
−20−6+15−4
−15