PE 211 PRELIM HANDOUTS

The Origins

On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts, William G. Morgan (1870-1942), a

YMCA physical education director, created a new game called mintonette as a pastime to be
played preferably indoors and by any number of players.
The game had characteristics of handball and tennis. It was
deisgned as an indoor sport lessrough than basketball for
older members of the Young Men’s Christian Association
(YMCA).

As mentioned by Morgan himself, “In search of an

appropriate game, tennis occurred to me, but this required
rackets, balls, a net and other equipment, so it was
eliminated, but the idea of a net seemed a good one. We
raised it to a height of about 6 feet, 6 inches (1.98m) from
the ground, just above the head of an average man. We
needed a ball. Among those we tried was a basketball
bladder, but this was too light and too slow. We therefore
tried the basketball itself, which was too big and too heavy,”
(Volleyball history, “n.d”).

The first rules called for a net 1.98m high, a 7.6m x 15.2m court, and any number of
players. a match was composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning,
and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each team before sending the ball to the

opponent’s court. In case of a serving error, a second try was allowed. Hitting the ball into the
net was considered a foul, except in the case of the first-try serve.

Fig. 2 –
Any number of
players inside the court

Early in 1896, a conference was organized at the YMCA College in Springfield, bringing
together all the YMCA Directors of Physical Education. Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, director of
the professional physical education training school asked Morgan for a demonstration and
explanation of the rules of the game.
 The 1916 YMCA and NCAA unified rules of 1930: YMCA spread the game
the game amongst women

Fig.3 Fig.4

Prof. Alfred Halstead proposed for a change of the name from mintonette to Volley Ball
after he noticed the action, or the act phase, of the ball’s flight, which was volleying i nature.
This name was accepted by Morgan and the conference. (Note: In 1952, the United States Volley
Ball Association voted to spell the name with just one word – Volleyball).

In 1900, Morgan asked the firm of A.G Spalding & Bros. to make a ball, which they did
at their factory near Chicopee, in Massachusetts. The result was satisfactory; the ball was
leather- covered, with a rubber inner tube, its circumference was not less than 25 and not more
than 27 inches (63.5 cm and 68.6 cm, respectively), and its weight was not less than 9 and not
more than 12 ounces ( 252 gr and 336 gr, respectively).

Worldwide Growth

In 1900, Canada became the first foreign country to adopt the game, and also in many
other countries: Elwood S. Brown in the Philippines (1910), J. Howard Crocker in China,
Franklin H. Brown in Japan (1908), Dr J.H Gray in Burma, China, India, and others in Mexico,
and South American, European, and African countries.

In 1947, an international federation of volleyball (the Federacion Internationale de Volley

Ball or FIVB) was formed and the first volleyball world championships were held in 1949. In
1964 in Tokyo, volleyball was added as an Olympic sport.
 Volleyball is now one of the big five international sports, and the FIVB, with its 220
affiliated national federations, is the largest international sporting federation in the world.

Click this link to learn more: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IveUpU_xE60

Volleyball in the Philippines

The history of volleyball in the Philippines dates back to 1910. The director of the
YMCA, Elwood S. Brown, first introduced the sport. Filipinos began playing volleyball as a
backyard sport and games of beach volleyball soon followed. Players hung the net between two
trees. They made up their own rules regarding how many players on each side and how many
times the ball could be hit before sending it over the net.

Philippine volleyball teams would sometimes let every player hit the ball before sending
it over to the opposing side. This took too much time and snuffed out the challenge and
competitive nature of the game. This led to the creation of the three-hit limit.

With the new three-hit rule in place, Filipinos experimented with the new volleyball
techniques and came up with the set and spike, or the “Filipino bomb.” In this offensive passing
style, one player hits the volleyball and sends it high in the air to set up for another player on the
team. This other player then strikes the ball sending it over the net at a downward angle. This is
called spiking the ball.

The date July 4, 1961 marked the birth of the Philippine Amateur Volleyball Association
(PAVA), the national governing body of the sport in the Philippines. This was later renamed
Philippine Volleyball Federation (PVF), and is affiliated with the Philippine Olympic Committee
(POC), Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC), and FIVB.

VALUES AND BENEFITS

 Volleyball is excellent for developing quick movement.

 Rapid adaptation to the opponent’s style of play.
 Reliance on skilful team performance and coordinated effort rather than impulsive
individual reactions to the game situation.
 Volleyball play emphasizes planned strategy.
 Correct application of defensive and offensive manoeuvres under varying conditions.
 Accurate execution of the varied movements required in the game.
 Demands heightened powers of observation and skill
 Teaches teamwork and communication and is a great social activity.
 And, volleyball is sufficiently vigorous to develop organic power.
ETHICS AND ETIQUETTE

 Participants must know the “Official Volleyball Rules and abide them.
 Participants must accept referees decisions with sportsmanlike conduct without disputing
them.
 Participants must refrain from actions or attitude aimed at influencing the decisions of
the referees or covering up faults committed by them.
 Participants must behave respectfully and courteously in the spirit of fair play, not only
towards the referees but also towards other officials, the opponent, team-mates and
spectators.
 LANGUAGE. When things don’t go as planned getting upset may be right, but
demonstrating lack of control is not. Using vulgar language and verbal abuse of other
players or of the officials is not acceptable.
 Respect the other team. Do not humiliate the other team.
 Learn and abide and respect the rules of the sport.
Lesson 2: EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES

Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the students are able to;
1. Identify and enumerate the facilities and equipment used in volleyball
2. Take good care of facilities and equipment for long use.
3. Value the importance of facilities and equipment to practice and actual competition.

Activity 3: Four Pictures in Two Words

Direction: Can you tell what these 4 pictures have in common? Answer the problem below by
adding correct letters in the blank.

_ o_ _ _ _ _ a _ _ __u__m___

1. The Ball

Fig.5

 The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather case with a
bladder inside, made of rubber or a similar material.
  The ball should not be fewer than 25 inches nor more than 27 inches in circumference
and should weigh not less than nine ounces (250 grams) or more than ten ounces (280
grams).
 The pressure in a leather ball should be between 7 and 8 pounds; in a rubber ball, 5 to 7
pounds.

2. THE NET

Fig. 6

 Placed vertically over the center line there is a net whose top is set at the height of 2.43 m
for men and 2.24 m for women.
 Net is 32 feet in length when stretched and is made of 4 inch square mesh of black or
dark brown, which is topped with a double white tape. 2 inches wide.
 Steel cable or rope is run through the top and bottom of the net to secure it the uprights,
which should be at least 3 feet outside the court.

3. ANTENNA

Fig. 7 Fig. 8

 The Antenna is a vertical rod that is located on the top of each end of the volleyball net.
 Two vertical rods are usually red and white in color and mounted on the ends of the net,
above the side lines and not in-play.
4. FLAGS

Fig. 9

 Flags should be solid red in color and of a recommended size of approximately by 12 by

12 inches to approximately 16 inches by 16 inches.
 The flag and hand grip should be securely affixed to the pole.

5. POLE

Fig. 10

 The standard volleyball net pole stands a distance of 2.55 meters from the ground.
 Poles should lie 1 meter away from the court sideline
 To prevent injury, poles must be round with adequate padding, and bolted or secured to
the ground without the use of cables or ties.
6. THE VOLLEYBALL COURT

Fig. 11
 The playing area includes the playing court and the free zone. It shall be rectangular and
symmetric.
 The playing court is a rectangular measuring 18x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone which is
a minimum of 3m wide on all sides.
 The free playing space is the space above the playing area which is free from any
obstructions. The free playing space shall measure a minimum of 7m in height from the
playing surface.

 LINES ON THE COURT. All lines are 5cm wide. They must be of light color which is
different from the color of the floor and from any other lines.

a. Boundary Lines – two side lines and two end lines mark the playing court. Both side
lines and the end lines are drawn inside the dimensions of the playing court.
b. Center Line – The axis of the center line divides the playing court into two equal
courts measuring 9 x 9 m each.
c. Attack Line – on each court, an attack line, whose rear edge is drawn 3 m back fro the
axis of the center line, marks the front zone.

 ZONES AND AREAS

a. Front Zone – on each court the front zone is limited by the axis of center line and the
line and the rear edge of the attack line. The front zone is considered to extend beyond
the sidelines to the end of the free zone.
b. Service Zone- the service zone is a 9m area behind each end line. It is laterally limited
by two short lines, each 15 cm long, drawn 20cm behind the end line as an extension of
the side lines.
c. Substitution Zone- the substitution zone is limited by the extension of both attack
lines up to the scorer’s table.
 d. Libero Replacement Zone- the libero replacement zone is part of the free zone on the
side of the team benches, limited by the extension of the attack line up to the end line.

To learn more about the dimensions, areas and zones of the volleyball court, click
this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItxTeLuxiBM

4. PLAYER’S EQUIPMENT

A player’s equipment consists of a jersey, shorts, socks (the uniform and the sport shoes).
 The color and the design for the jerseys, shorts and socks must be uniform for the team
(except for the libero). The uniform must be clean.
 The shoes must be light and pliable with rubber or composite soles without heels.
 Player’s jerseys must be numbered from 1-20.
 The number must be placed on the jersey at the center of the front and of the back. The
color and brightness of the numbers must contrast with the color and brightness of the
jerseys.
 The number must be a minimum of 15 cm in height on the chest, and a minimum of
20cm in height on the back. The stripe forming the numbers shall be a minimum of 2 cm
in width.
 The team captain must have on his/her jersey a stripe of 8 x 2 cm underlining the number
on the chest
 It is forbidden to wear uniforms of a color different from that of the other players (except
for the libero), and/or without official numbers.

COMMON TERMS USED IN VOLLEYBALL

Below are the alphabetical lists of common terms used in volleyball. Knowing these
terms will help out your understanding of the game.

 Ace- a serve that hits the ground before the receiving team has had a chance to hit it back.
 Attacking block- a block which attempts to hit the ball straight into the opponent's court.
 Back Court- the area of court between the attack line and the base line.
 Back court spike- a spike or smash by a back court player
 Block- blocking is the action close to the net which intercepts the ball coming from the
opponent's side by making contact with the ball before it crosses the net, as it crosses the
net or immediately after it crosses the net. An attempt to block does not constitute a block
unless the ball is contacted during the effort.
 Bump (pass)- a skill of volleyball using forearms, hands together, to direct the ball.
 Bump (set)- a forearm pass used as a set.
 Carry/lifting/held ball- a fault called if ball comes to rest in the course of contact by one
player.
 Court- the playing surface divided into two equal areas by a net. In its official form,
volleyball is played on a rectangular court 18 meters (59 feet 0.75 inches) long and 9
meters (29 feet 6.475 inches) wide
 Coverage- most often refers to backing up a partner's hit when the block is up the ball
comes back.
 Cross Court- an offensive hit when a player, instead of hitting with power, slices the ball
just over and nearly parallel to the net.
 Crossing or Penetration the Centerline- contacting the opponent's area with any part of
the body except the feet is a fault. Touching the opponent's area with foot or the feet is
not a fault providing that some part of the encroaching foot or feet remain on or above the
centreline and does not interfere with the play of an opponent.
 Dig- playing the ball from below the waist height with one or both hands.
 Double Fault- a double fault accours when players from opposing teams commit faults
simultaneously. In such cases, the referee will direct a play.
 Double hit- any player contacting the ball more than once, with whatever part of the
body, without any other player having touched it between these contacts, will be
considered as having committed a double hit. Such contacts are fault.
 Floater- a serve that "floats" through the air because it has no spin.
 Foot fault- stepping on the court or out of bounds before serving the ball.
 Free ball- a ball the opponent cannot attack and must yeild by passing over the net.
 Kill- an attack that results in an immediate point or side out.
 Libero – a defensive player who can take the position of any backcourt player but cannot
block or return the ball when it is higher than the net.
 Net ball- a ball which touches the net (except on the service) is a net ball. It is allowed to
go into the opponent's side of court.
 Net fault- contact with the net is only a fault when the ball is being played into the attack
zone.
 Net serve- if a service touches the net, antennae or imaginary extension of the antennae,
it is a net service, and the serve goes to the other team.
 Red card- a more severe sanction given by the first referee.
 Screening- an attempt by a player to conceal the start of a teammate's serves by
obstructing an opponent's line of sight. Screening is illegal.
 Seams- the space between the blockers and between backcourt defenders.
 Switch- after the serve, player move around on court to the favored positions.
 Team Captain- the player who steps up and demonstrates leadership, skills, both on the
control on the court and off the court.
 Yellow card- warning given by the first referee.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Volleyball is among the safest spot out there, but injuries can happen. to keep things as
safe as possible while playing volleyball, follow these tips.

1. Players are to report to practice in strong physical condition

2. All cables are checked for fraying prior to the start of each practice and match.
3. Check crank mechanisms
4. Floor should be swept and be free of dirt and debris
5. Towels are available to wipe sweat/water from the floor.
6. Knee pads are worn by the players at all times
7. Volleyball standards and officials stands are padded.
8. Team benches must be a distance away from the playing area.
9. Court must be cleared of stray balls.
10. NO jewelry worn during competition or practice.
11. No drinking of water within 6 feet of playing court.
12. Proper warm-up and stretching prior to and after all play.
13. If a player is injured in practice or a game, call for assistance. Do not attempt to move
an injured person.

Basic First Aid

The PRICE method is a simple way to remember how to apply the treatment.
PRICE stands for Protection, Rest, Compression, and Elevation. It’s also known as the
RICE method, but RICE does not include “protection,” which is an important step for
on-field management of injuries.

PRICE Method

 Protection: In this case, protection means stopping the activity immediately and
protecting the injured part form additional damage
 Rest: Rest the area to allow the tissues to heal.
 Ice: Applying cold therapy (ice or an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel) to an
acute injury reduces swelling and pain. Ice is a vaso-constrictor. It causes the
blood vessels to narrow and limits inflammation at the injury site. Apply cold to
the affected area every two hours for no more than 20 minutes at a time. Allow
the skin temperature to return to normal before icing it again. You can ice an
acute injury for several times a day.
 Compression: Compression of an acute injury is perhaps the nest most important
immediate treatment. By quickly wrapping the injured body part with an elastic
bandage or wrap, you help keep swelling to a minimum. If possible, it’s helpful to
apply ice to the injured area over the compression wrap to swelling.
 Elevation: Elevating the injured area is another way to reduce the blood flow and
swelling in the area.
 Soft Tissue Injury Step-By-Step

1. Stop the activity immediately.

2. Wrap the injured part in a compression bandage.
3. Apply ice to the injured part for 10 to 15 minutes. Let the area warm completely before
applying ice again (to prevent frostbite).
4. Elevate the injured part to reduce swelling.
5. See a physician for a proper diagnosis of any serious injury.

Lesson 5: FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

Objective: At the end of the lesson, the students are able to;
1. Enumerate and identify the fundamental skills in volleyball
2. Perform the fundamental skills accurately
3. Value the importance of basic skill acquisition for lifetime and firm participation
to volleyball.

Fundamental skills are the most important parts of learning the proper positions of
the hands and arms as well as movement patterns of the feet and the six basic skills in
volleyball.

1. Hands and Arms Position

 Overlap – place your right hand above your left hand and if you are right handed
or place your left hand above your right hand if you are left handed or to lie over
the other the other hand and slightly close both hands together and the arms
should be extended always

Fig. 17
 Closed Fist- place both hands together and slightly close the hands and always do
the extension of the arms in hitting the ball.
  Interlaced- place both hands together by crossing them over and under each other
and do the extension of the arms.

2. Movement Patterns
 Slide- an act of moving along or over a surface by sliding in different directions
such as left, right, front and back slide. First, left side slide is perform when the
ball is near to the left side of the player and he/she will step his/her left foot to the
left while the right foot is performing the slide while right side slide is perform
conversely. For the front and back slide, it is perform when the ball is near to the
front of the player and he/she will step either his/her right and left foot to the front
while performing the slide while at the back slide, it is done vice versa with the
front slide.
 Step-hop- a movement made by lifting your foot and putting it down in a different
place and direction to move as if by hopping. First, is to step your right foot if the
ball is going to the right and then perform the hop if the distance of the ball is
quite far to the player while in the left foot, it is done or perform conversely with
the left. For the front and back, step your right/left foot if the ball is going to the
front and then execute the hop and slide to get the ball and do the same at the
back.

3. Basic Skills in Volleyball

1. The Pass

Also called reception, the pass is the attempt by a team to properly handle the
opponent’s serve, or any form of attack. Proper handling includes not only preventing the
ball from touching the court, but also making it reaches the position where the setter is
standing quickly and precisely.

Types of Passing

 Forearm pass or bump – where the ball touches the inside part of the joined
forearms or platform, at waistline.

:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siDVtYyRG_M

 Overhand Pass- where it is handle with the fingertips, like set, above the head.

2. The Serve

The serve is the act of putting the ball in play by the right-back player. The server
must serve from within the serving area and must not touch the lines bounding this area
or the floor inside this area at the instant he contacts the ball on the serve. The server puts
the ball in play by hitting it with his hand, fist, or arm. The ball must be hit over the net
and into the opponent’s playing area; it must not touch the net. Prior to a serve, the
receiving team is allowed a reasonable amount of time in which to return to their playing
positions.

Effective serves are very important in volleyball. A team with effective server has an
advantage in retaining the serve and thus keeping its offensive, or point-making, system
in play. An effective server can often force the opponents to play the ball the way he
wishes. His serves can be played to the weaker receivers.
Types of Serve

a. Underhand and Overhand Serve: refers to whether the player strikes the ball from
below, at waist level, or first tosses the ball in the air and then hits it above shoulder
level. Underhand serve is considered very easy to receive and is rarely employed in high-
level competitions.

Fig. 18

Fig. 19
b. Sky ball Serve: a specific type of underhand serve occasionally used in beach
volleyball, where the ball is hit so high it comes down almost in a straight line. This serve
was invented and employed almost exclusively by the Brazilian team in the early 1980s
and is now considered outdated
c. Topspin: an overhand serve where the ball gains topspin through wrist snapping. The
spin causes the ball to drop fast.

d. Floater: an overhand serve where the ball is hit with no spin so that its path becomes
unpredictable. This type of serve can be administered while jumping or standing.

e. Jump Serve: an overhand serve where the ball is first tossed high in the air, then the
player makes a timed approach and jumps to make contact with the ball. There is usually
much topspin imparted on the ball. This is the most popular serve amongst college and
professional teams.

f. Jump Float: this is a serve like the jump serve and the floater. The ball is tossed lower
than a topspin jump serve, but contact is still made while in the air. This serve is
becoming more popular amongst college and professional players because it has certain
unpredictability in its flight pattern.

g. Round House Serve: the player stands with one shoulder facing the net, tosses the ball
high and hits it with a fast circular movement of the arm. The ball is hit with the palm of
the hand, creating a lot of topspin.

3. The Set

Fig. 20

The set is usually the second contact that a team makes with the ball. The main
goal of setting is to put the ball in the air in such a way that it can be driven by an attack
into the opponents’ court. The setter coordinates the offensive movements of team,
and is the player who ultimately decides which player will actually attack the ball.

Types of Set
a. Behind- the- head Setup (Back set). When the setup player is located in the front
center playing area, he can use the behind-the-head setup to setup to the spiker behind
him. He should position himself when receiving a pass so that the ball is dropping
directly towards his face (or chest).

b. Low, Quick Setups. For advanced play, low setup that travels only one or two feet
above the height or level at which it is spiked is sometimes utilized. This permits a quick
spike to be made before the defensive team players can position themselves properly.

c. Back-Court Set. Any ball set from behind the 3- meter line is designated a back-court
set. The full extension release will be necessary because the ball will be set higher and
the distance of the set will be greater. This set is one that all players should be able to
perform with accuracy.

d. The Play Set. It is important to use the quick release on all play sets to establish
consistency. The setter must be able to set a consistent ball to each offensive position.
Many techniques are employed to designate the type of set. The setter may call out a
number to each hitter or may give a one-hand signal which tells all hitters what set they
will hit.

e. The Forearm Set. When it is impossible for the setter to get hands on the ball, the
setter must use the forearm set. The body must still be in full squat position. When the
ball is contacted, the arms will follow through and the player will return to an upright
position.

f. The Jump Set. The jump set should be added for any advanced offense. It increases
the setter’s options, thereby increasing the hitter’s options. The position of the hands and
the body is important in the effectiveness of this set. The body position is the same as
with the regular set and the hand position remains the same as in all other set.

4. The Spike

Fig. 21
A spike in volleyball is the act of hitting a set ball from above the level of the net into the
opponent’s court. It consists of an approach, jump, arm swing, follow-through and
landing. Spiking is probably the most difficult individual skill to master in volleyball
because it requires a great deal of body control and coordination while the spiker’s body
is airborne.

Types of Spike

a. Backcourt (Back row) attack: an attack performed by a back row player. The player
must jump from behind 3 meter line before making contact with the ball, but may land
infront of the 3-meter line.

b. Line and Cross-court shot: refers to whether the ball flies in a straight trajectory
parallel to the sidelines, or crosses through the court in an angle. A cross-court shot with
a very pronounced angle, resulting in the ball landing near the 3 meter-line, is called a cut
shot.

c. Dip/Dink/Tip/Cheat: the player does not try to make a hit, but touches the ball lightly,
so that it lands on area of the opponent’s court that is not being covered by the defense.

d. Tool/Wipe/Block-abuse: the player does not try to make a hard spike, but hits the ball
so that it touches the opponent’s block and then bounces off-court

e. Off-speed hit: the player does not hit the ball hard, reducing its acceleration and thus
confusing the opponent’s defense.

f. Quick hit/”One”: an attack (usually by the middle blocker) where the approach and
jump begin before the setter contacts the ball. The set (called a quick set) is placed only
slightly above the net and the hitter strikes the ball almost immediately after leaving the
setter’s hands Quick attacks are often effective because they isolate the middle blocker to
be the only blocker on the hit.

g. Slide: a variation of the quiack hit that uses a low back set. The middle hitter steps
around the setter and hits from behind him or her.

h. Double quick hit/”Stack”/Tandem: a variation of quick hit where two hitters, one in
front and one behind the setter or both in front of the setter, jump to perform a quick hit at
the same time. It can be used to deceive opposite blockers and free a fourth hitter
attacking from backcourt, maybe without block at all.

5. The Block

Blocking refers to the actions taken by players standing at the net to stop or alter an
opponent’s attack. A more effective way to meet a spiking attack than the dig is the use
of the two- or three man block. The block is a defensive play close to the net. It involves
a coordinated, simultaneous jump by all the blocking players in which they jump just
after the spiker leaves the floor.

Fig. 22

Types of Block

a. One-man Block. One player is blocking, positioning himself on either side of the
spiker in order to cover a maximum area

b. Two-man Block. When two players are blocking, they position themselves on either
side of the spiker in order to cover a maximum area. Both blockers jump at the same
time; just after the spiker leaves the floor.

c. Three-man Block. When three players are blocking, the center player blocks directly
in front of the spiker. The center man is trying to position his hands parallel to the net, in
line with the probble direction of the spike.

6. The Dig

Digging is the ability to prevent the ball from touching one’s court after a spike,
particularly a ball that is nearly touching the ground. In many aspects, this skill is
similarly to passing, or bumping; overhand dig and bump are also used to distinguish
between defensive actions taken with fingertips or joined arms.

Fig. 23
Types of Dig

a. One-arm Bounce Pass. The one-arm bounce pass, usually referred to as a dig
pass, and involves the same principles as the two-arm bounce pass. The solid
surface of either hand, preferably the heel, wrist, or forearm, is placed in the path of
the ball.
The one-arm bounce pass can be executed with a closed fist, in which case the ball is hit
on the combined surface of the heel of the hand and the clenched fingers.

b. Two-arm Bump or Bounce Pass. When a ball is driven directly toward the receiver
and at such an angle or height that it is impossible to lower the body and use the
chess pass, the two-arm bump or bounce pass should be use.

c. Japanese Rolls (Save). This is to do diving in front, back and side positions in order to
save the ball using one-arm dig or two-arm dig. These rolls and saves should be practiced
many times on mats before attempting them on the hard floor.