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7 – 4 = 3
b) The nth term of the arithmetic
MODULE 1: PATTERNS
sequence is denoted by the term Tn and is
In the general sense of the word,
given by Tn = a + (n-1)d, where “a” is the
patterns are regular, repeated, or
first term and d is the common difference.
recurring forms or designs.
Tn = 4 + (n – 1)3 = 4 + 3n – 3 = 3n + 1
For example, in a sequence 2,4,6,8,?. each
c) 21st term as: T21 = 4 + (21-1)3 = 4+60
number is increasing by sequence 2. So, the
= 64.
last number will be 8 + 2 = 10.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
Few examples of numerical patterns are:
The Fibonacci numbers or sequence are
Even numbers pattern -: 2, 4, 6, 8,
the numbers in the
10, 1, 14, 16, 18, …
following integer sequence:
Odd numbers pattern -: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …
13, 15, 17, 19, …
FIBONACCI SPIRAL
Fibonacci numbers pattern -: 1, 1, 2,
3, 5, 8 ,13, 21, … and so on.
SEQUENCE
- A sequence is an ordered list of numbers,
In mathematical terms, the sequence Fn of
called terms, that may have repeated values.
Fibonacci numbers is defined by the
The arrangement of these terms is set by a
recurrence relation:
definite rule.
Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2
EXAMPLES:
To find the nth Fibonacci number without
Question
using the recursion formula, use the formula
1: If 4,7,10,13,16,19,22……is a
below with the use of your calculator.
sequence, Find:
1. Common difference
2. nth term
EXAMPLES:
3. 21st term
Question 1: Find the next number in
Solution: Given sequence is,
the fibonacci series 1, 1, 2, 3, 5,
4,7,10,13,16,19,22……
8,13,...... ?
Solution: Math is used to communicate about
The fibonacci formula is given as, patterns.
Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2
F8 = F7 + F6
F8 = 13 + 8
F8 = 21
Question 2: What is the 10th term in a
Fibonacci sequence using the Binet
form? Use your calculator!
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS
- The language of mathematics makes it
easy to express the kinds of thoughts that
mathematicians like to express.
GOLDEN RATIO
- According to Ivanka Stipancic-Klaic
and Josipa Matotek of the It is:
University of Osijek, Croatia, the 1. precise (able to make very fine
Golden ratio fascinates and intrigues distinction)
not only mathematicians, but also 2. concise (able to say things briefly); and
artists, architects, biologists, 3. powerful (able to express complex
philosophers and musicians. thoughts with relative cases).
Vocabulary vs. Sentences
Every language has its vocabulary (the
words), and its rules for combining
But where does the number ϕ came these words into complete thoughts
from? Let us do some derivation for (the sentences).
the value of “phi” pronounce as “fee”. Mathematics is no exception.
MODULE 2.1 : Mathematical
Language and Symbols
Math is a language.
Importance of Mathematical Language
Major contributor to overall
comprehension.
Vital for the development of
Mathematics proficiency.
Enables both the teacher and the
students to communicate mathematical
knowledge with precision.
DEFINITION OF TERMS NEGATIVE INTEGER – is a number
COMPLEX NUMBER – is of the which is less than zero but not a
form a + bi where a and b are real fraction or a decimal .
numbers and i= √ -1. A complex WHOLE NUMBERS - are simply the
number is sometimes called Gaussian numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … (and so on).
integer. There is no fractional or decimal part
REAL NUMBERS – is a value that and no negatives.
represents a quantity along a ZERO - is symbolized by the
continuous line. numeric character 0, it is the absence
IMAGINARY NUMBER – denoted of a quantity or a magnitude; a
by i, is the result in taking the nth root positional number system, a place
(where n is even), of a negative indicator meaning "no units of this
number, where ± i = √ -1 multiple. It is an independent value
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS – is one midway between +1 and -1. It is
which is not rational, ie, a number neither a positive nor negative.
which cannot be expressed as a NATURAL OR COUNTING
quotient of two integers. NUMBERS - are numbers which are
RATIONAL NUMBER – is one which used for counting from one to infinity.
can be expressed as a quotient of two
integers.
FRACTION – is a part of a whole and
it is expressed in a form of a/b where a
and b are R and it is the numerator and
denominator of a fraction respectively.
INTEGERS - is a number that is
written without a fractional
component. The set of integers
consists of the natural numbers
(1, 2, 3, ...), zero (0) and
the opposites of the natural numbers
(−1, −2, −3, ..., that are negative).