Engine design and thermodynamics

Engine design and thermodynamics

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Engine design and thermodynamics
2

Fig no 1
Part no 1:
Car Parameter:
Now we get the mass, the damper and spring value of the car tesla model S [1]

Mass valve 2500kg,

B =80000k/m
C=350Ns/m
We get the value the transfer function
Transfer function=1/(2500 s 2+80000 s +350)
This is the transfer function of the system without wheel and we get our transfer function.
Part 2:
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A.
The model of the system:
The free-body diagram for this system is shown below fig no 2 of the car model system. The
spring force is proportional to the displacement of the mass, and the viscous damping force is
proportional to the group's velocity . Both parties oppose the pack's motion and are,
therefore, shown in the negative -direction. Note also that corresponds to the position of
the group when the spring is unstretched.

Fig no 2
in the -direction we have:

This equation, known as the governing equation, completely characterizes the dynamic state of
the system. Later, we will see how to use this to calculate the response of the system to any
external input and analyze system properties such as stability and performance.
Taking the Laplace and the then we get
F (s)−Bsx (s)−Kx (s )=ms 2 x ( s)
Now for the transfer function then the equation
F (s) /x ( s)=1/¿)
The system's simulation model used in theories and the system's transfer function is given below
in fig no 3, which will include the damper and the equation, and the hook's law says, so we
generate the MATLAB code of the system.
B.
The model of the system is given in part no A, and the equation of the system is provided in part
A

Fig no 3
F (s) /x ( s)=1/¿)

C. CODE for transfer function :

Procedure :
 For the transfer function of the system, we get the input over the output of the system.
 First, we have to open the MATLAB
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 Now open the script file and write the num and den value
 No, write the command of the transfer function of the system
CODE
 num=1;
 den=[2500 80000 350]
 s=tf(num,den);

Fig no 3
D. Step and impulse response of the system:
For the step and impulse response of the system in MATLAB, we have to calculate that step
response of the system. After that, we have to figure the system impulse response of the
system .for the impulse and step response, the method is nearly the same, but the changes will
happen when we plot the comeback. firstly write he code of the step response and get the graph,
then replace of impulse over the step(s)
Procedure :
 First, open the MATLAB and run the script file
 Now write the num and den value
 Now use the transfer command for the transfer of the function
 Now add the step command for step response, and for the impulse, replace the step
command with the impulse response command
CODE:
For step:
 num=1;
 den=[2500 80000 350]
 s=tf(num,den);
 step(num,den)
For impulse
 num=1;
 den=[2500 80000 350]
 s=tf(num,den)
 impulse(s)
the result of both responses of the system is given below in figure no 4
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Figure no 4
E. Comments:
The response of the system can be improved when we use the close loop. The course will then
get feedback and improve the system settling time, peak time, settling time, etc.

Part 3
E. Simulink model:
 For the building of the Simulink model of the mode
 Open the Simulink file in MATLAB.
 Now add the transfer function, step, and derivative and scope blocks in the sims file.
 Now connect the appropriate step and the impulse response of the system.
 Use scope for the output graph.

Fig no 5 (step response)

Figure no 6(impulse response)

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F. Result of Simulink:
for result calculation of the system and comparing the response of the system in step and the
impulse response

Fig no 6(step response)

Fig no 7 (impulse response)

The results are the same from the MATLAB and the Simulink file, and no such errors occur.
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G. Simulink with tire and PID

The vehicle suspension system is an essential and crucial part of the design, facing immerse
challenges while designing by keeping various safety and comfort factors. The vehicle
suspension is simplified into a simple mass-spring system while considering only one wheel out
of four. The free-body diagram is given below.

Figure no 8

The above-written equations are implemented in Simulink to observe the suspension's open-loop
responses on a bump, which is obtained by considering only the disturbance input W(s) = 0.1,
and U(s) = 0. The model is given below

Figure no 9

Figure 8 Block Diagram of Equations of suspension

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The following open Loop response is achieved by considering only the disturbance inputs(s)
=0m, and U(s ) = 1.

Fig no 10
Figure 10 Vehicle Suspension System when input W(s) = 0m, and U(s) = 1.
The following open Loop response is achieved by considering only the disturbance input ( ) =
0.1 , and ( ) = 0.

Fig no 11
Figure 11 Vehicle Suspension System when input W(s) = 0.1m, and U(s) = 0.

2. Design of PID Controller:

The test presented in this section is related to the PID Controller performance for the Vehicle
suspension system. The primary purpose of this implementation is to get the desired response of
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the system. The Simulink model of the Vehicle Suspension system using PID Controller is
shown

Fig no 12
The values of KP and KI are 531962 and 14348611, calculated earlier. The Root Locus for kd is
given below.

Fig no 13
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The value of Ki comes out to be 5000. The response of the Vehicle Suspension System using a
PID controller is shown.

H. Now for the oscillation for 1.5

For the oscillation improvement, the system response will be this then we get

Fig no 14
Figure 16 Vehicle Suspension System using PID controller when input W(s) = 0.1m, and U(s) =
0.
The above response depicts that the people sitting in Vehicle feel a minimal amount of
oscillations in 1 to 1.5 seconds. By the use of PID Controller, the performance characteristics of
Vehicle suspension Systems are drastically improved.
It is observed from the comparison of the Open-loop Vehicle Suspension System and PID
controller is that the PID controller has less overshoot and has a minimal settling time, i.e., 1.5
seconds as compared to others. Below is the analysis of open and closed-loop systems.

Properties Open-loop PID

Settling time 300sec 1.5 sec

Rise time 50 sec 0.0004sec

Overshoot 0.88m 0.0035m

We have designed PID controllers and employed for controlling a suspension system of a ¼
vehicle model. The control scheme has been implemented in SIMULINK and the response of the
open-loop PID controller. The overshoot of open-loop response is observed as 0.88, and settling
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time is 300sec, signifying that people sitting in the Vehicle feel a small amount of oscillation for
an unacceptably long time. For further improvement, the PID controller is used, and it has been
observed that the overshoot decreases to 0.004, and the response is settled at 1.5 sec, which is a
desired response of the suspension system. The proposed model aims to develop and carry the
system's responsibilities using a PID controller up to a better level.

References

Engineering know-how in engine design. (, 1953). New York: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Hodkinson, R., & Fenton, J. (2001). Lightweight electric/hybrid vehicle design. Oxford:
Butterworth-Heinemann.

Society of Automotive Engineers. (, 1953). Engineering know-how in engine design.