Terrex ICV

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Terrex ICV

Terrex Infantry Carrier Vehicle

Type Armoured combat vehicle

Place of origin Singapore

Service history

Used by Singapore Armed Forces[1]

Production history

Designer ST Engineering Land Systems and Timoney of Ireland

Designed 2004

Manufacturer ST Engineering Land Systems and Otokar

Produced 2006

Variants See Variants

 Specifications

Mass 25 tonnes (55,000 lb)

Length 7 metres (23 ft 0 in)

Width 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)

Height 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in)

Crew 2 (Commander, Driver)

+ 12 troops

Armour Classified, Modular

Main STK 40 AGL with 60 rounds

armament

Secondary 7.62 mm Co-axial with 250 rounds,

armament
CIS SGL with 5 rounds

Engine Caterpillar Inc. C9 inline-six diesel engine

400 horsepower (300 kW)

Power/weight 16 hp/tonne

Suspension 8x8 Hydropneumatic Double wishbone suspension

Operational 800 kilometres (500 mi)

range

Maximum 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph) on road, 10 kilometres per

speed hour (6.2 mph) on water

The Terrex Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV) is an armoured fighting vehicle (AFV)
developed by ST Engineering of Singapore and Timoney Technology of Ireland, and
produced by ST Engineering Land Systems (a corporate subsidiary of ST
Engineering) for the Singapore Army as well as by Turkish auto-
maker Otokar (manufacturing it under a license) as the Yavuz (AV-82) for the
Turkish military.
 The Terrex's mass is approximately 25 to 30 tonnes and the vehicle is built on an
8x8 wheeler chassis with modern military vehicle armour. Multiple-type weapon
platforms are supported on the vehicle, including both remote-type weapon systems
and overhead weapon stations (OWSs).
ST Engineering Land Systems is marketing the Terrex to potential buyers in Asia,
South America and the Middle East.[2]

Contents

 1Production history and development

o 1.1Terrex AV-82
o 1.2Terrex 2: MPC/ACV
o 1.3Terrex 3: Australian Army: LAND 400 Program
 2Design
 3Variants
 4Incidents
 5Operators
 6References
 7External links

Production history and development[edit]

Terrex ICV at the Army Open House 2022

Side profile of the Terrex ICV

The Terrex project started off as a government funded project to help develop a new
generation of armoured personnel carriers for the Singapore Armed Forces.
Singapore Technologies Kinetics, a subsidiary of Singapore Technologies
Engineering, was chosen to design and manufacture the vehicle. The prototype
Terrex AV81 armoured fighting vehicle was exhibited for the first time
at DSEi 2001.[3] The initial AV-81 design utilised conventional coil-spring shock
absorbers but later variants introduced of hydro-pneumatic struts with real-time
damping control. An electric-hybrid drive system was also developed. Designed with
a modular protection system it is one of the latest and most advanced APCs with an
all round protection against 7.62 mm NATO rounds and artillery shell splinters, front
arc withstands 12.7 mm armor piercing-rounds at the most basic armor
package.[4] Ceramic-composite armor package are available for a higher level of
protection. Maximum level of all-round protection is against 14.5 mm armor-piercing
rounds. The vehicle has a double V-shaped hull, which deflects mine blasts and
withstand up to 12 kg TNT explosion under the hull with the vehicle still able to
move. Vehicle is fitted with NBC protection system and battlefield management
system for better awareness.
Terrex AV81 APC variant is armed with a remotely controlled 40 mm automatic
grenade launcher and coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun. Its modular top-deck system
means it can be fitted with remotely-controlled 12.7 mm machine gun, 20–30 mm
cannon or anti-tank guided missile to a 105 mm cannon. This armored vehicle is also
available in various turret-mounted armament configurations, but number of
personnel carried is reduced. The Terrex can be airlifted by a C-130 Hercules or
similar cargo aircraft.[4]
By mid-2004, one prototype and one pre-production model had been built and both
were evaluated throughout Asia and Europe, where the vehicle was offered for a
number of emerging wheeled armoured vehicle requirements. This was further
influenced by the emerging United States' Interim Brigade Combat Team (IBCT)
concept, which called for the need of wheeled armoured fighting vehicles (AFV) as
opposed to tracked AFVs.
The Singapore Armed Forces will acquire at least 135 Terrex ICVs to replace its V-
200 armoured vehicles, with all active Infantry and Guards battalions to begin
training to operate from the vehicle in February 2010.[5] The Second
Battalion, Singapore Infantry Regiment, recently acquired the Terrex as part of its
shift into a motorised infantry battalion.[6] The Indonesian Army has plans to purchase
420 units and has also expressed intent to produce the Terrex locally under license.
Turkish automaker Otokar has also joined with ST Engineering Land Systems to
produce the Terrex AV-82 (renamed Yavuz) for the Turkish Armed Forces.[7][8]
Terrex AV-82[edit]
The Terrex AV-82 (Turkish Otokar variant) was developed in 2005 equipped with a
more advanced driveline and hydro-pneumatic suspension system, and a number of
changes from the AV81 including a flat underbody instead of a V-shaped hull, and
revised rear suspension.
Terrex 2: MPC/ACV[edit]
In August 2012, the U.S. Marine Corps awarded SAIC a developmental contract for
the Terrex for the Marine Personnel Carrier program.[9]
On 18 July 2013, SAIC, along with ST Engineering Land Systems and Armatec
Survivability Corporation, successfully completed two weeks of evaluations of the
Terrex at Camp Pendleton. The tests included a series of water performance
demonstrations in various sea conditions and an evaluation of human factors and
stowage capacity. The Terrex completed all required surf transit and ocean swim
maneuverability tests at its fully loaded combat weight. It demonstrated load
capabilities through successful stowage of gear and supplies that Marines would
require for three days of operations, with space available for additional equipment.
The human factors evaluation demonstrated the spacious interior by accommodating
the specified number of combat-equipped Marines and enabling rapid tactical and
emergency egress through a quick-release hatch. The Terrex repeated ocean swim
and maneuverability results were achieved in a March 2013 rehearsal event. SAIC
began ballistic and blast tests at the Nevada Automotive Test Center in May 2013,
and was scheduled to complete all ballistic and mine blast demonstrations in July. [10]
The Marine Personnel Carrier was put on hold in June 2013,[11] restarted in February
2014,[12] and then restructured as Phase 1 of the Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV)
program,[13] which includes the previous MPC competitor entries.[14]
The Terrex 2 was publicly unveiled in September 2015 at the DSEI 2015
convention.[15]
On 24 November 2015, the Marines selected the SAIC Terrex, along with the BAE
Systems/Iveco SuperAV, to move on to the engineering and manufacturing
development phase of the ACV 1.1 program. SAIC was awarded a $121.5 million
contract to build 16 vehicles by late 2016 for testing. The Terrex submitted for the
ACV program, called the Terrex 2, was designed to enhance situational awareness,
with the troop commander's station equipped with a screen covering all aspects
outside the vehicle, also visible to the squad to enable them to see what they would
be exiting to. The driver's station was equipped with several screens with obstacle
avoidance, situational awareness sensor feeds, and other features. Although the
Terrex is specialised in ground operations, it also meets the minimum requirements
for safe sea operation. The Terrex has a V-over-V hull that creates a crush zone to
reduce the impact of a blast on the floor; this creates a spacious interior. Footrests
attached to seats across the aisle keep the Marines' feet from absorbing blast
energy. The vehicle uses a central tire inflation system, can swim 7 mph (11 km/h;
6.1 kn) in water, and has excess buoyancy of 23 percent. It weighs 32.5 tons
(65,000 lb (29,000 kg)), carries three crew and 11 embarked Marines, and can reach
55 mph (89 km/h) on paved roads.[16][17][18][19]
In June 2018, the Marine Corps selected BAE Systems for the ACV program. [20]
Terrex 3: Australian Army: LAND 400 Program[edit]
Referred in Australia as the Sentinel 2, it was specially developed by ST Engineering
and Elbit Systems of Australia (ELSA) to meet the Australian Army's requirement for
an armored reconnaissance vehicle.[21] A further development of the Terrex 2, it is
better protected and carries a much more powerful armament but lacks amphibious
capability due to its 35 tonne weight. Designed with Elbit Land System's MT30
modular turret, the vehicle is operated by a crew of 2 and can carry 11
dismounts.[22] It was outbidded by the Rheinmetall Boxer CRV in early 2018. [23]

Design[edit]
As with a number of other recent wheeled armoured vehicles, the Terrex is of
modular design with various levels of armour protection and weapon systems being
marketed up to a gross vehicle weight of 24,000 kg. Despite its size, the Terrex is
air-portable by C-130s or other similar cargo aircraft.
The Terrex's layout is conventional: the driver sits front left and the power pack is to
the right.[24] This leaves the rest of the vehicle clear for the troop compartment, which
is provided with a power-operated ramp and roof hatches.[24]
Various weapon systems can be fitted on the roof, including a remote weapon
station armed with a 40mm automatic grenade launcher and a 7.62mm coaxial
machine gun or a complete stabilized turret armed with a 25mm M242
Bushmaster cannon and 7.62mm coaxial machine gun. Additional 7.62mm machine
guns can be mounted over the rear troop compartment. In addition, the vehicle can
be configured to carry varying combat payloads, from turret-based weapon stations
(including 105 mm tank guns) to rocket launchers. The modular top deck allows for
quick configuration changes to be carried out.
The Terrex AV-81 uses a patented independent double wishbone suspension, which
greatly improves ground mobility and ride comfort over rough terrain. The use of
automatic traction control and the capacity for large footprint off-road tires enables it
to travel at unprecedented speeds in soft ground conditions.
The vehicle has a double hull with an external V-hull that improves mine blast
survivability.[25] Add-on armour provides further protection for troops.[26] It is also
capable of providing full NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) protection in extreme
operational conditions.[25]
The standard equipment includes a powered steering on four wheels at the front, a
central tyre-pressure inflation system, an anti-lock braking system and an NBC
defensive/protective system but there are also many other options for fitted
equipment and vehicle gear available.
In its baseline configuration, the AV-81 Terrex is fully amphibious: two water jets
mounted on either side at the back of the hull propel the vehicle through water at
10 km/h.

Variants[edit]
The following known variants are in service:[27]

 Command Variant
 40mm AGL/7.62mm Coaxial MG Variant
 .50 calibre HMG Variant
 SPIKE ATGM Variant
 Pioneer Variant
 Medical Variant
 Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA) Variant
 STORM Variant

Incidents[edit]
On 23 November 2016, nine Terrex vehicles from the Singapore Armed Forces,
which were used for a military exercise in Taiwan, were seized while in port at Hong
Kong, resulting in heightened political tensions between Singapore
and China.[28] They were initially impounded at an outdoor storage yard of a Hong
Kong Customs and Excise Department storage facility in Tuen Mun, but by 6
December, they had been moved indoors.
On 24 January 2017, the Hong Kong government stated that it would allow the
detained Terrexes to return to Singapore.[29] The vehicles were returned to Singapore
on 30 January 2017.[30]
Operators[edit]
 Ghana - 19 Sentinel IIs.[31] 6 Sentinel IIs in 8x8 equipped with Elbit
Systems UT30 turrets with ten Sentinel IIs in 6x6 for recon missions. [32]
 Singapore - 435[33]

References[edit]
Notes

1. ^ "Made-in-Singapore Terrex a key addition to SAF". The Straits Times. 29 November

2016. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
2. ^ "Defence IQ ARMOURED VEHICLES MARKET REPORT 2017" (PDF). Archived
from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2019.
3. ^ CLAWS OF THE CELTIC TIGER Archived 8 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine An
appendix to: Undermining Global Security The European Union’s Arms Exports, First published in
2004 by Amnesty International, Irish section, Page 15
4. ^ Jump up to:a b "Terrex AV81 Armored Personnel Carrier | Military-
Today.com". www.military-today.com. Archived from the original on 12 November 2017.
Retrieved 12 November 2017.
5. ^ "Networked infantry carrier vehicle gives SAF sharper edge in urban warfare".
cyberpioneer, MINDEF. 3 September 2009. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012.
Retrieved 9 September 2009.
6. ^ "Operationalisation of the First Motorised Infantry Battalion". Singaporean Ministry of
Defense. 31 May 2011. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 8
February 2012.
7. ^ "Chapter 7: Building on our Past Strengths for Future Growth". ST Engineering Land
Systems. 1 October 2003. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 9
September 2015.
8. ^ "新加坡研制"特拉克斯"AV81装甲步战车 (Singapore develops "Terrex" AV81 Armoured
Fighting Vehicle)". Sina.com. 6 March 2003. Archived from the original on 25 April 2006.
Retrieved 9 September 2009.
9. ^ Personnel carrier development contracts awarded Archived 14 September 2012 at
the Wayback Machine - Militarytimes.com, 10 September 2012
10. ^ "SAIC completes Terrex amphibious vehicle evaluation for USMC - Naval
Technology". Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
11. ^ Commitment to Swimming Vehicle Throws Off Marines’ Tight Modernization
Schedule Archived 15 September 2013 at archive.today - Nationaldefensemagazine.org, October
2013
12. ^ Marines Budget Scramble: Commandant Resurrects MPC, ACV In Limbo Archived 27
February 2014 at the Wayback Machine - Breakingdefense.com, 17 February 2014
13. ^ Freedberg Jr., Sydney J. (2 April 2014). "A Sneak Peek At Marines' New Amphibious
Combat Vehicle". breakingdefense.com. Breaking Media, Inc. Archived from the original on 5 April
2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
14. ^ Marines upgrading, replacing amphibs under new strategy Archived 24 September 2014
at the Wayback Machine - Militarytimes.com, 24 September 2014
15. ^ "Terrex 2 8x8 amphibious wheeled armored vehicle personnel carrier | Singapore army
military wheeled armoured vehicle U | Singapore Singaporian army military equipment
UK". Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
16. ^ Marine ACV Competitors Show Off Prototypes as Program Downselect
Nears Archived 27 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine - News.USNI.org, 28 September
2015
17. ^ BAE, SAIC Named as Finalists in Marines ACV Competition Archived 2 December 2020
at archive.today - Defensenews.com, 24 November 2015
18. ^ Marine Corps Awards Amphibious Combat Vehicle 1.1 Contracts to BAE Systems and
SAIC Archived 27 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine - News.USNI.org, 24 November 2015
19. ^ Bacon, Lance M. (7 August 2017). "Inside the amphibious vehicles that won the
Marines' $225M contracts". Marine Corps Times. Archived from the original on 10 August 2021.
Retrieved 10 August 2021.
20. ^ BAE Systems Will Make Marines' New Wheeled Amphibious Combat
Vehicle Archived 29 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine. DoD Buzz. 19 June 2018.
21. ^ "Sentinel 2 8x8 combat reconnaissance armored
vehicle". www.armyrecognition.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021.
Retrieved 24 December 2021.
22. ^ "Terrex 3 Armored Personnel Carrier | Military-Today.com". www.military-
today.com. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
23. ^ Pittaway, Nigel (14 March 2018). "Rheinmetall wins $3 billion Australian armored vehicle
competition". Defense News. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 20
November 2018.
24. ^ Jump up to:a b "Singapore Technologies Kinetics Terrex Infantry Carrier Vehicle
(Singapore), Armoured personnel carriers (wheeled)". Jane's. Archived from the original on 4
March 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
25. ^ Jump up to:a b "Terrex Intro". Archived from the original on 16 May 2012. Retrieved 9
February 2012.
26. ^ "Terrex armoured vehicle personnel carrier". www.armyrecognition.com. Archived from
the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
27. ^ Christopher Foss (25 February 2010). "Combat rock: Singapore gears up for
introduction of new 8x8 Terrex ICV" (PDF). Jane's. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March
2012. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
28. ^ "HK armoured vehicles seizure: What we know". BBC News. 25 November
2016. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
29. ^ "Terrex vehicles seized by Hong Kong moved indoors". The Straits Times. Singapore
Press Holdings. 3 January 2017. Archived from the original on 6 January 2017. Retrieved 18
January 2017.
30. ^ "SAF Terrex vehicles arrive in Singapore after being detained in Hong Kong". Channel
NewsAsia. 30 January 2017. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 26
February 2018.
31. ^ "Ghana approves the purchase of 19 Israeli armored vehicles from Elbit Systems |
Defense News October 2020 Global Security army industry | Defense Security global news
industry army 2020 | Archive News year". www.armyrecognition.com. Archived from the original
on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
32. ^ "Ghana to procure armored vehicles from Elbit". Israel Defense. 20 October
2020. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
33. ^ "Singapore Singaporean army land ground forces military equipment armoured armored
vehicle UK | Singapore Singaporean army land ground forces UK | Asia
UK". www.armyrecognition.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 10
August 2021.