Nationalism in

India

Best Handwritten Notes

2023
Made With
FFoJ:÷7= Padhai Ak Mazza
 Introduction
India ,
the
growth of modern nationalism is connected to the anti -
colonial movement

people start discovering their unity in the process of struggle with colonialism the sense

of
being oppressed under colonial power was common
thorough different classes

The Congress under Mahatma Gandhi leadership try to unite these together
groups
movement India
within one and to
destroy the colonial rule in

😇
The
🥸
first world war Khilafat and non-cooperation movement

The first world war created a new economic and political

situation

🤠
It led to
huge increase in defense expenditure which

financed
was
by war loans and
increasing taxes :

custom Duties were raised and income tax introduced

😎
The villages of india were called upon to
supply soldiers

🫠and force recruitment C. A.

process by which colonial state

force people to
join the
army in rural areas caused

widespread anger ]

Dnd at the same time in 1920-21 crops failed in

many parts of India
resulting in acute
shortage
of food accompanied influenza
this was
by an epidemic

According to the census of 1921 -

13 million people died as a result of epidemic and because

of food at this
of the shortage stage of extreme hardship for peoples a new leader appeared
and suggested of for them
a new mode
struggle .

The idea of Satyagraha

As know that Gandhi returning from

you mahatma returned to India in
January 191s he South

method of
Africa where he had
successfully fought the racist
regime with a novel mass
agitation
called
which he
Satyagraha

The idea of forces the power of truth and

Satyagraha the need to search for truth

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 🔥
😛
It suggested that if the cause was true if struggle was
against injustice ,
then
physical force was

not to fight the

necessary oppression

without could
being aggressive a
Satyagraha win the battle through non violence

In 1916 Gandhi travel to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to

struggle against the

Oppressive plantation system .

🥸
😇
Then to peasant district of
in 1917 he
organised a
Satyagraha support the of Kheda
Gujrat

In 1918 mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to a

Satyagraha movement
organise among
cotton mill workers

😎
The Rowlatt Act
The Rowlatt passed through council in spite of opposition
act in 1919 was the imperial legislative of the

Indian members

🤠
The rowlatt act
gave
the
government enormous
powers to repress political activities
"
According
to this act the political prisoner could be detained in prison for two without court
years any
trail
🫠

Gandhiji decided to
try to
oppose it with
Satyagraha .

Mahatma Gandhi wanted violence civil disobedience

non -

against each unjust law which would start

with the hartal on 6 April

🥺
Rallies were organised in various cities workers went on strike in
railway workshop and shops

closed down

Alarmed
by the popular upsurge
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The British Administration decided to clamp down Nationalist

Local leaders were pick up from Amritsar and Mahatma Gandhi was banned from entering
Delhi

On peaceful
10 April the police in Amritsar fine upon a
procession provoking widespread
attaks on banks post office and railway stations

seeing this Martial law was imposed and General

Dyer took command

This all lead es to the Black Day of Indian History the infamous Jahan wake bagh Massacre
 🥺

The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

On 13 April the infamous tallianwala Bagh
incident took
place
🥺
On that
day a
large crowd
gathered in the

enclosed of talk anwala Bagh

ground

some came to protest against the

government
☠new repressive measures

Others had come to attend the annual Baisakhi

🥺
Fair

Being outside the

city many villagers were unaware
of the martial law that has been

imposed

General Dyer entered the area block the exit And Order the Souders Extra point maximum of

🥸
the Souders that were
firing upon the Indian crowd were maximum Indian ) started open firing
Hundreds of
upon crowd
killing peoples

Dyer declared that it was to produce a moral effect on the minds of

Satyagrahi a
felling of terror

As the news spread crowd took to the street in Northern indian towns there were
many
strikes clashes with the police ,
attains on
government building etc

😃
The government responded with brutal repression seeking to humiliate and terrorise people The

satyagnihi forced to rub their nose on the

ground crawl on streets and to do Salam to all

sahibs

🫠
Villages were bombed seeking violence spread Mahatma Gandhi call of the movement

[The non -

cooperation movement which was started on 6th April 1919 )

Launching More Basic Movement

Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to launch a more broad-based movement in India

But he movement
was
containing that no such could be organised without bringing the

Hindus and Muslim close

together

One of he felt to take the Khilafat

way doing this was up issue

The first would war had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey

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 😇
head
Harsh peace
treaty was
going to be imposed on Ottoman Empire the spiritual
of islamic world The Khalifa

To defend the Khalifa temporal powers Khalif at Committee was formed in Bombay
in March 1919

Muslim leaders like brothers Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali began discussing with

about of United
Mahatma Gandhi the
possibility mass action on the issue

😃
Gandhi saw this opportunity to Muslims under umbrella of unified National
bring the

🥺movement

At the Calcutta session of Congress in September 1920 he

conveyance leaders to start

non -

cooperation movement in the support of Khilafat as well as

swaraj
.

Differing stands within the movement

☠
In January 1921 Non -

Cooperation Khilafat movement started .

Various social groups participated in the movement with their own specfec aspirations

tis movement started with middle class participation in the city 's student teacher
left
left
government school
lawyer count

The effect of non

cooperation movement on the economic front were dramatic people rejected
foreign clothes and
goods as a result the production of Indian textile mills and hand 100ms .

wind up

Non cooperation Movement SlowDown

The movement
Gradually slow Down for a
vanity of Reasons

d) Khadi for poor

clothes were not suitable people because
they are
expensive

(2) No Alternative msitutions were set up

③ Therefore ,
teachers and student
finally had to resume their studies and jobs in Gout . Schools .

(4)
Lawyers join
back in gout counts

F☐:÷fJ
Toronto
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 Rebellion in the countryside
From the cities the non -

cooperation movement spread to the

countryside
Tn Awadh the peasant movement developed under the leadership of Baba Ramchandra

Peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue abolition of Beggar (work without

payment)
and social
boycott of oppressive landlords .

🤠
🥸
Interpretation of Swaraj by tribal peasants
Tribal peasants interrupted the
message
of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of Swaraj in another

way

They Thought that Gandhi had declared that no tax is paid land was to Redistributed Among the

poor
😎
🫠
In the Gruden hills of Andra -
Pradesh Gorilla movement spread under the leadership of Alluri

Sitaram Raju inspired by the non -

cooperation movement

Raju talked about the

greatness of Mahatma Gandhi and jsenaue
people to wear Khadi and

give up drinking according to Gandhian ideas they attack police section attempt to kill

British officials and carried warfare for Swaraj ?

on
achieving

Raju was captured and Executed in 1924 and gradually he become folk hero .

Swaraj in the plantations

For plantation workers in Assam freedom means

right to move
freely in and out the areas

confined by inland
emigration act

when heard of the cooperation

they non -

movement
they left the
plantation and heated
,

home but they never reached their destination

and were
caught by the police and
brutally
beaten

After all this the time to towards civil Disobedience has come Let's
study this

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 🥸
Towards Civil Disobedience
Mahatma Gandhi in February 1422 decided to roll back the Non cooperation movement

The Chani -

Chani incident occurred at Chani -

Chau ra in Gorakhpur district of United ◦

Provision on 4th Feb 1922

A peaceful demonstration in the Bazaar turns into a violent clash with the police
🫠
led to the death of three civilians and 22 -23
policemen

Different view’s Within the Congress

Government of india act 1919 : -
Gives an
opportunity to Indian members to participate in elections

Due to this the

Congress panty
is divided in two stands

C)
☠
😎There are some who wanted to participate in elections like CR Das , Motilal Nehru

C) And some wanted full Independence .

like Subash Chandra Bose

Forma
😇 tion of Simon Commission
Simon Commission is formed and constituted under John

Simon

It main objective was to review the constitutional system

functioning in india and
suggest changes

When this commission arrived in India in 1928 it was

greeted with
go back parties
the Simon
slogan all

participated in the demonstrations

Demand of Purna Swaraj

In October 1929 Lord Irwin accounce a certain offer of Dominion status for India

Dominion status that British left India and India be

means will ruled
by Indian

people . but British administration will make all

policies and all the important Decisions

for India like and trade

army expansions
.

Toronto
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 Mahatma Gandhi accepted this proposal and
gone for
🔥second round table conference and

😇when Nehru proposed that in Dec 192A

many Congress leaders don't
agree
and demanded
for
purna swaraj and it is decided that India will not accept Dominion status and

fight for purna swaraj

And this is also decided in Lahore session that whenever India will Get Freedom 200am

will be celebrated as Independence day

The Salt March And The Civil Disobedience Movement

😃
Stowey and Stowey mahatma Gandhi understands
🤓that salt is a
very powerful weapon that can unite

all Indians together

Gandhi write letter to Lord Irwin

a on 31
January 1930

of demands demands
and
purposed some their if their
•

is not completed 11th March start Gull

by so Gandhi will

Disobedience movement Irwin .

Rejected Demands

Gandhi with his followers started salt March

along
from Sabarmati ashram on 12th March to Dandi which

is a coastal area in
Gujrat

🥺
Gandhi reached Dandi on 6 April 1930 and
disobey the salt law and Mark the
beginning of civil

Disobedience movement

As the movement spread

(1)
Foreign clothes were
boycott

(2) Peasants refuse to and Chau Hidani taxes

pay revenue

(3)

(4) In
Village

many
officials resign

places people violated Forest laws tooo

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the
Wooried
by the
ongoing
movement the Colonial Govt .

began arresting Congress leaders

Calling off the movement

The of leaders leads to violent clashes in
arresting Congress many places

when Abdul Graffam Khan a devoted disciple of Mahatma Gandhi was arrested in April 1930
Angry
crowd demonstrated in the street of Peshwas

Month later Mahatma Gandhi himself was arrested

 The industrial workers attacked police post municipal counts stations
buildings law and railway

Frightened gout responded with the

policy of brutal repression peaceful Satyagraha's were

🥺
.

Attacked woman and children were beaten about 100K people were arrested

In Gandhi of the movement and Enter into with

such situation call a
pact Irwin on S March

1931 by the pact Gandhi get ready to panelpate in the second round table conference

Gandhi went to London for the round table conference in Dec 1931 but the discussion was

of no use .

he find Congress had declared Khan

Returning to India that been Illegal Graffam and

Nehru both one

jail
Gandhi decided to relaunch the movement was continued for a tear and lost momentum

by Year 1934

Sense of collective belonging

Nationalist movement is correct when people belonging to different
religions and communities begin to develop a sense of collective
belonging Ness

(1) The identity of nation is most often symbolising in a figure on image

of Bharat Mata was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
in 1870 when he wrote Vande Mataram for our motherland

(2) Indian Folk Song and sung by wandering poets played an

important role in making the idea of nationalism

(3) During the Swadeshi movement of tricolour flag was designed in

Bengal it has eight lotuses representing eight provisions of British
India and a crescent moon representing Hindus and Muslims

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