5

RESERVOIR
ENGINEERIN
GG RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Introduction: -
Each reservoir is composed of a unique combination of geometric form, geological
rock properties, fluid characteristics, and primary drive mechanism. Although no two
reservoirs are identical in all aspects, they can be grouped according to the primary
recovery mechanism by which they produce.
It has been observed that each drive mechanism has certain typical performance
characteristics in terms of:
● Ultimate recovery factor.
● Pressure decline rate.
● Gas–oil ratio.
● Water production.

Reservoir engineering is an important branch of petroleum engineering which

concerns mainly to:
• Computing the reserve.
• Determining the natural driving force.
• Managing the reservoir to get the maximum recovery factor.
• Predicting the production in the future and optimum conditions to achieved.

This main target can be achieved by:

• Fluid properties analysis.
• Rock properties analysis.
• Material balance calculation.
• Decline curve analysis.

we can discuss the main reservoir engineering topics through this case as the
following steps:
1- Data acquisition and processing
 PVT data
 Averaging reservoir petrophysical data

2- Applying Material Balance Equation

 Identifying reservoir driving mechanism
 Determination of OOIP
 Prediction of reservoir future performance

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Reservoir Characteristics:
Initial reservoir pressure 1950 psia
Reservoir Temperature 160 °F
Average Reservoir Porosity 0.24 %
Absolute Permeability 516.29 md
Average Connate Water Saturation 0.493 %
Formation Compressibility @Pi 3E-06 psi^-1

:Note
1- Porosity and connate water saturation are from logging section.

2- Formation compressibility are computed by the following relation:

3- permeability is computed by averaging permeabilities values at 1950

psia confining pressure.

Reservoir Fluid Properties

Bubble point pressure 950 psia
Oil Formation Volume Factor @ Pb 1.148416 bbl/stb
Water Salinity 38793.21 ppm
Water viscosity 0.53 cp
Oil Gravity @ 60 °F 36.6 API

:Note
1- Oil Formation Volume Factor @ Pb after adjustment.

2- Water salinity from averaging values from Water Analysis Report.

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

salinity mg/l SG 1 salinity ppm

sample 1 40311.15 1.0317 39072.55016
sample 2 39727.05 1.0315 38513.86331
Average salinity 38793.20673

3- Water viscosity is computed from the following relation and nearly constant at
the same temperature:

μw= μwD*[1+3.5*10^-2*P^-2*(T-40)]

Where: μwD =A+B/T

A=4.518*10^-2+9.313*10^-7*Y-3.93*10^-12*Y^2
B=70.634+9.576*10^-10*Y^2
μw=brine viscosity at P and T, CP
μwD= brine viscosity at P=14.7, T, CP
P= Reservoir pressure, Psia
T= reservoir temperature, °F
Y=Water Salinity ppm.

PVT data adjustment:

Step 1. At pressures above the bubble-point pressure, Calculate the oil formation
volume factor by multiplying the relative oil volume data Vrel, as generated from the
constant-composition expansion test, by (Bo)sb:

Step 2. Calculate the differential shrinkage factors at various pressures by dividing

each relative oil volume factor Bod by the relative oil volume factor at the bubble-
point Bodb, or:

Step 3. Adjust the relative volume data by multiplying the separator (flash) formation
volume factor at the bubble-point Bofb by the differential oil shrinkage factor Sod at
various reservoir pressures.

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Step 4. Adjust the differential gas solubility data Rsd to give the required gas
solubility factor Rs

Step 5. Obtain the two-phase (total) formation volume factor Bt by multiplying values
of the relative oil volume Vrel below the bubble point pressure by Bofb:

Step 6. At pressures below the bubble point, coefficients of isothermal

compressibility can be calculated from:

Adjusted PVT Data:

FROM SEPARATOR TESTS OF RESERVOIR FLUID SAMPLE

Type of stage pressure (Pisa) Rs Bofb
Separator pressure 50 183
stock tank pressure 0 34 1.1602
Rsfb 217

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Adjustment of PVT report

pressure (psig) Bo (bbl/stb) Rs(scf/stb) Bg(bbl/scf) Bt(bbl/stb) Po (gm/cc) Oil Viscosity cp Gas Gravity Co (psi)^-1xE-6
3625 1.1341 217 Rs(scf/stb)
1.1341 0.7628
3335
250 1.1362 217 1.1362 0.7613 6.8925
3045 1.1386 217 1.1386 0.7597 1.187 7.1259
2755
200
1.1409 217 1.1409 0.7582 1.168 7.4016
2465 1.1435 217 1.1435 0.7565 1.147 7.7351
2175 1.1460 217 1.1460 0.7548 1.126 8.1473
150
1885 1.1489 217 1.1489 0.7529 1.106 8.6685
Rs(scf/stb)

1712 1.1507 217 1.1507 0.7518 1.093 9.049

100
1595 1.1520 217 1.1520 0.7509 1.085 9.3437
1305 1.1550 217 1.1550 0.7489 1.064 10.2444
1160
50 1.1571 217 1.1571 0.7476 1.054 10.8143
1015 1.1587 217 1.1587 0.7466 1.043 11.4922
925
0 1.1602 217 1.1602 0.7456 1.037 119.1218
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
798 1.1426 196.5690 0.0041 1.2266 0 7522 1.105 0.729 473.3299
Figure 2 Rs Curve pressure (psig)
653 1.1244 172.4234 0.0054 1.3644 0.7579 1.175 0.769 706.2859
508 1.1029 146.4203 0.0068 1.5827 0 7630 1.265 0.811 1039.4286
363 1.0781 116.7026 0.0087 1.9546 0 7688 1.388 0.862 1599.8142
218 1.0513 83.2701 0.0126 2.7387 0.7764 1.569 0.942 2935.3395
73 1.0115 40.5508 0.0310 Co (psi) 0.7886
6.4879 1.908 1.149 13882.1426
0
16000 1.0050 0 0 7987 2.564
14000

12000 Bo (bbl/stb)
1.2000
10000
Co (psi)^-1xE-6

1.1500
8000

6000
1.1000
Bo (bbl/stb)

4000
1.0500

2000
1.0000
0
0.95000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
pressure (psig)
0.9000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Figure 1 Bo Curve pressure (psig)

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Bt(bbl/stb)
7.0000

6.0000

5.0000

4.0000
Bt(bbl/stb)

3.0000

Figure 3 Co2.0000
Curve

1.0000

0.0000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Figure 4 Bt Curve pressure (psig)

Bg(bbl/scf)
0.0350

0.0300

0.0250

0.0200
Bg(bbl/scf)

0.0150

0.0100

0.0050

0.0000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Figure 5 Bg Curve pressure (psig)

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
Water PVT Data:

Water Formation Volume factor:

T (F) 160
Average salinity 38793.20673
C1 1.02302
C2 6.50472E-07
C3 1.6256E-11

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Date pressure(psia) Bwp A Bw (bbl/stb)

1950.0000 1.0244 0.0003 1.0256
Jun-06 1944.3200 1.0243 0.0003 1.0255
Dec-06 1767.0580 1.0242 0.0003 1.0254
Jun-07 1634.8270 1.0241 0.0003 1.0253
Dec-07 1539.6970 1.0241 0.0003 1.0252
Jun-08 1449.4370 1.0240 0.0003 1.0251
Dec-08 1385.0620 1.0240 0.0003 1.0251
Jun-09 1339.2910 1.0239 0.0003 1.0250
Dec-09 1293.9120 1.0239 0.0003 1.0250
Jun-10 1251.9180 1.0239 0.0003 1.0249
Dec-10 1217.3890 1.0238 0.0003 1.0249
Jun-11 1187.6540 1.0238 0.0003 1.0249
Dec-11 1165.0590 1.0238 0.0003 1.0249
Jun-12 1144.0220 1.0238 0.0003 1.0249
Dec-12 1125.9890 1.0238 0.0003 1.0248
Jun-13 1108.5290 1.0238 0.0003 1.0248
Dec-13 1094.1730 1.0238 0.0003 1.0248
Jun-14 1082.2100 1.0237 0.0003 1.0248
Dec-14 1068.2710 1.0237 0.0003 1.0248
Jun-15 1056.5230 1.0237 0.0003 1.0248
Dec-15 1044.7760 1.0237 0.0003 1.0248
Jun-16 1032.7830 1.0237 0.0003 1.0248
Dec-16 1022.8200 1.0237 0.0003 1.0248
Jun-17 1012.8570 1.0237 0.0003 1.0247
Dec-17 1005.6980 1.0237 0.0003 1.0247
Jun-18 997.7756 1.0237 0.0003 1.0247

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
Water compressibility:

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Date pressure(psia) C1 C2 C3 X Cwp Cw (psia^-1)

1950 3.5933 -0.00959 3.76E-05 0.000378 3.02E-06 3.02466E-06
Jun-06 1944.32 3.594061 -0.00959 3.76E-05 0.000378 3.02E-06 3.02511E-06
Dec-06 1767.058 3.617814 -0.00968 3.77E-05 0.000364 3.03E-06 3.03918E-06
Jun-07 1634.827 3.635533 -0.00974 3.78E-05 0.000353 3.05E-06 3.04968E-06
Dec-07 1539.697 3.648281 -0.00979 3.79E-05 0.000346 3.05E-06 3.05723E-06
Jun-08 1449.437 3.660375 -0.00983 3.8E-05 0.000339 3.06E-06 3.0644E-06
Dec-08 1385.062 3.669002 -0.00986 3.8E-05 0.000333 3.07E-06 3.06951E-06
Jun-09 1339.291 3.675135 -0.00988 3.81E-05 0.00033 3.07E-06 3.07314E-06
Dec-09 1293.912 3.681216 -0.0099 3.81E-05 0.000326 3.07E-06 3.07674E-06
Jun-10 1251.918 3.686843 -0.00992 3.82E-05 0.000323 3.08E-06 3.08007E-06
Dec-10 1217.389 3.69147 -0.00994 3.82E-05 0.00032 3.08E-06 3.08282E-06
Jun-11 1187.654 3.695454 -0.00995 3.82E-05 0.000318 3.08E-06 3.08518E-06
Dec-11 1165.059 3.698482 -0.00996 3.82E-05 0.000316 3.08E-06 3.08697E-06
Jun-12 1144.022 3.701301 -0.00997 3.83E-05 0.000314 3.08E-06 3.08864E-06
Dec-12 1125.989 3.703717 -0.00998 3.83E-05 0.000313 3.09E-06 3.09007E-06
Jun-13 1108.529 3.706057 -0.00999 3.83E-05 0.000312 3.09E-06 3.09145E-06
Dec-13 1094.173 3.707981 -0.01 3.83E-05 0.00031 3.09E-06 3.09259E-06
Jun-14 1082.21 3.709584 -0.01 3.83E-05 0.000309 3.09E-06 3.09354E-06
Dec-14 1068.271 3.711452 -0.01001 3.83E-05 0.000308 3.09E-06 3.09465E-06
Jun-15 1056.523 3.713026 -0.01002 3.83E-05 0.000307 3.09E-06 3.09558E-06
Dec-15 1044.776 3.7146 -0.01002 3.83E-05 0.000307 3.09E-06 3.09651E-06
Jun-16 1032.783 3.716207 -0.01003 3.84E-05 0.000306 3.09E-06 3.09747E-06
Dec-16 1022.82 3.717542 -0.01003 3.84E-05 0.000305 3.09E-06 3.09826E-06
Jun-17 1012.857 3.718877 -0.01004 3.84E-05 0.000304 3.1E-06 3.09905E-06
Dec-17 1005.698 3.719836 -0.01004 3.84E-05 0.000303 3.1E-06 3.09961E-06
Jun-18 997.7756 3.720898 -0.01004 3.84E-05 0.000303 3.1E-06 3.10024E-06

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Determination of Reservoir Drive Mechanism:

From the pressure history and PVT data, it is clear that the pressure is greater than
the bubble point pressure.

So that, the reservoir is undersaturated.

Check if reservoir without water drive:

The material balance equation for an under-saturated reservoir without water drive:

𝑁𝑝𝛽𝑜 + 𝑊𝑝𝛽𝑤 = 𝑁𝐶𝑒𝛽𝑜𝑖Δ 𝑃

So, we need to plot (𝐹 = 𝑁𝑝𝛽𝑜+ 𝑊𝑝𝛽𝑤) VS. (𝐸𝑜 = 𝐶𝑒𝛽𝑜𝑖Δ𝑃) and see if it results a
straight line passing through origin point then it is an under saturated reservoir
without water drive.
As shown in the figure, the reservoir doesn’t exhibit a straight line indicating the
presence of water drive.

the reservoir is under-saturated reservoir with bottom water drive.

F VS Ee
12000000

10000000

8000000

6000000
F

4000000

2000000

0
0.000E+00 5.000E-03 1.000E-02 1.500E-02 2.000E-02 2.500E-02
Figure 6 Drive Mechanism Check Ee

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

DATE P (psia) Np (stb) Bo (bbl/stb) Wp(stb) Wi (stb) Bw (bbl/stb) Co Cw Delta P Ce F Ee

Jun-06 1950 0 1.14842 0 0
Dec-06 1767.058 5063 1.15028 0 0
Jun-07 1634.827 302855 1.15166 38172
Dec-07 1539.697 656548 1.15268 159026
Jun-08 1449.437 1001827 1.15367 219592
Dec-08 1385.062 1323227 1.15439 287340
Jun-09 1339.291 1690488 1.15491 339161
Dec-09 1293.912 2102448.4 1.15543 391541
Jun-10 1251.918 2515887.6 1.15593 460269
Dec-10 1217.389 2910838.7 1.15635 547116
Jun-11 1187.654 3345216.8 1.15671 648133
Dec-11 1165.059 3811664.9 1.15700 752915
Jun-12 1144.022 4235821.7 1.15726 862251
Dec-12 1125.989 4642891.8 1.15750 961926
Jun-13 1108.529 4997496.9 1.15773 1074106
Dec-13 1094.173 5343033.3 1.15792 1189008 73355
Jun-14 1082.21 5707493.7 1.15808 1308657 311223
Dec-14 1068.271 6055272.1 1.15827 1441791 579863
Jun-15 1056.523 6376658.9 1.15843 1560071 721483
Dec-15 1044.776 6730061.6 1.15860 1665203 923603
Jun-16 1032.783 7054947.3 1.15877 1780366 1093703
Dec-16 1022.82 7406657.1 1.15891 1901436 1374203
Jun-17 1012.857 7812605.7 1.15906 2009269 1797353
Dec-17 1005.698 8194138.7 1.15916 2122457 2179906
Jun-18 997.7756 8614660.1 1.15928 2315745 2378281
1.02555 8.57E-06 3.025E-06 0 1.808E-05 0 0.000E+00
1.02539 8.96E-06 3.039E-06 182.942 1.848E-05 5823.861 3.882E-03
0 1.02528 9.28E-06 3.050E-06 315.173 1.881E-05 387924.1 6.808E-03
0 1.02519 9.54E-06 3.057E-06 410.303 1.908E-05 919823.5 8.989E-03
0 1.02512 9.81E-06 3.064E-06 500.563 1.935E-05 1380882 1.113E-02
0 1.02506 1E-05 3.070E-06 564.938 1.957E-05 1822055 1.270E-02
0 1.02502 1.02E-05 3.073E-06 610.709 1.973E-05 2300001 1.384E-02
0 1.02498 1.03E-05 3.077E-06 656.088 1.990E-05 2830557 1.499E-02
0 1.02495 1.05E-05 3.080E-06 698.082 2.006E-05 3379936 1.608E-02
0 1.02492 1.06E-05 3.083E-06 732.611 2.020E-05 3926683 1.700E-02
0 1.02489 1.08E-05 3.085E-06 762.346 2.033E-05 4533719 1.780E-02
0 1.02487 1.09E-05 3.087E-06 784.941 2.043E-05 5181722 1.841E-02
0 1.02486 1.09E-05 3.089E-06 805.978 2.052E-05 5785647 1.899E-02
0 1.02484 1.1E-05 3.090E-06 824.011 2.060E-05 6359958 1.950E-02
0 1.02483 1.11E-05 3.091E-06 841.471 2.068E-05 6886511 1.999E-02
1.02481 1.12E-05 3.093E-06 855.827 2.075E-05 7330136 2.040E-02
1.02480 1.12E-05 3.094E-06 867.79 2.081E-05 7631911 2.074E-02
1.02479 1.13E-05 3.095E-06 881.729 2.088E-05 7896943 2.114E-02
1.02478 1.14E-05 3.096E-06 893.477 2.094E-05 8246306 2.148E-02
1.02477 1.14E-05 3.097E-06 905.224 2.100E-05 8557408 2.183E-02
1.02476 1.15E-05 3.097E-06 917.217 2.106E-05 8878715 2.218E-02
1.02475 1.15E-05 3.098E-06 927.18 2.111E-05 9123942 2.248E-02
1.02475 1.16E-05 3.099E-06 937.143 2.116E-05 9272405 2.277E-02
1.02474 1.16E-05 3.100E-06 944.302 2.120E-05 9439452 2.299E-02
1.02473 1.17E-05 3.100E-06 952.2244 2.124E-05 9922700 2.323E-02

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

The material balance equation of an undersaturated reservoir with water drive can
be written as follows:

𝑵𝒑 𝜷𝒐 + 𝑾𝒑 𝜷𝒘 = 𝑵 𝑪𝒆 𝜷𝒐𝒊 Δ 𝑷 + 𝑾𝒆

Check for steady-state bottom water drive:

For steady-state bottom water drive, the mathematical expression of water
encroachment is written as follows:

𝑾 𝒆 = 𝒌 Σ (𝑷𝒊 − 𝑷) Δ 𝒕
Where:
K= Water influx constant, (bbl/day/psi)
Δ 𝒕 = time, (days)

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 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

we can determine water influx constant (K) at each pressure, if it’s not constant then
steady state model fails.

DATE P (psia) Delta T Delta P Np Bo (bbl/stb) dNp/dT *Bo Wp(stb) Wi (stb) Bw (bbl/stb) dWp/dT *Bw dWi/dT *Bw dWe/dT K
Jun-06 1950 0 0 0 1.14841641 0 0 1.025550316
Dec-06 1767.058 182.5 182.942 5063 1.15027865 954.4318959 0 0 1.025391036 107.2362373 0 1061.668 5.803305
Jun-07 1634.827 182.5 315.173 302855 1.15166405 2055.594126 38172 0 1.02527659 446.7003701 0 2502.294 7.939432
Dec-07 1539.697 182.5 410.303 656548 1.15268174 2207.376058 159026 0 1.02519461 509.5638525 0 2716.94 6.621789
Jun-08 1449.437 182.5 500.563 1001827 1.1536671 2107.1935 219592 0 1.025117101 360.3750018 0 2467.569 4.929586
Dec-08 1385.062 182.5 564.938 1323227 1.15438504 2178.027275 287340 0 1.025061983 335.7962636 0 2513.824 4.449733
Jun-09 1339.291 182.5 610.709 1690488 1.15490528 2465.55318 339161 0 1.025022876 292.6257773 0 2758.179 4.516356
Dec-09 1293.912 182.5 656.088 2102448 1.15543089 2612.855338 391541 0 1.024984172 340.0925566 0 2952.948 4.500841
Jun-10 1251.918 182.5 698.082 2515888 1.1559277 2560.111627 460269 0 1.024948416 436.8667117 0 2996.978 4.293161
Dec-10 1217.389 182.5 732.611 2910839 1.15634501 2627.371728 547116 0 1.024919058 527.5216274 0 3154.893 4.306369
Jun-11 1187.654 182.5 762.346 3345217 1.1567117 2854.784119 648133 0 1.024893808 577.8688243 0 3432.653 4.502749
Dec-11 1165.059 182.5 784.941 3811665 1.15699541 2823.084336 752915 0 1.024874641 601.2167352 0 3424.301 4.362495
Jun-12 1144.022 182.5 805.978 4235822 1.15726389 2635.476367 862251 0 1.02485681 586.8667034 0 3222.343 3.998053
Dec-12 1125.989 182.5 824.011 4642892 1.15749762 2415.444465 961926 0 1.024841537 594.8432981 0 3010.288 3.653213
Jun-13 1108.529 182.5 841.471 4997497 1.15772731 2220.747772 1074106 0 1.024826759 637.588247 205.9621012 2652.374 3.152068
Dec-13 1094.173 182.5 855.827 5343033 1.15791883 2252.3799 1189008 73355 1.024814616 658.5514878 873.8243268 2037.107 2.380279
Jun-14 1082.21 182.5 867.79 5707494 1.15808036 2259.80757 1308657 311223 1.024804502 709.7346755 1422.114189 1547.428 1.783183
Dec-14 1068.271 182.5 881.729 6055272 1.15827089 2123.49198 1441791 579863 1.024792724 705.8828436 1151.867022 1677.508 1.902521
Jun-15 1056.523 182.5 893.477 6376659 1.15843351 2141.64047 1560071 721483 1.024782802 627.2569188 965.0927133 1803.805 2.01886
Dec-15 1044.776 182.5 905.224 6730062 1.15859807 2153.051044 1665203 923603 1.024772885 618.4995692 1045.043735 1726.507 1.90727
Jun-16 1032.783 182.5 917.217 7054947 1.15876817 2147.992677 1780366 1093703 1.024762766 663.2404997 1265.090691 1546.142 1.685689
Dec-16 1022.82 182.5 927.18 7406657 1.15891115 2405.640454 1901436 1374203 1.024754362 642.6557474 1975.529882 1072.766 1.157021
Jun-17 1012.857 182.5 937.143 7812606 1.15905571 2500.643949 2009269 1797353 1.024745962 620.5215818 2262.029852 859.1357 0.91676
Dec-17 1005.698 182.5 944.302 8194139 1.15916058 2547.150264 2122457 2179906 1.024739928 860.4334091 1630.959225 1776.624 1.881416
Jun-18 997.7756 182.5 952.2244 8614660 1.15927765 2315745 2378281 1.024733253

The varied values of K, indicate that steady state equation steady-state equation
does not adequately describe the water influx.

15
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Check for semi-steady water drive:

Water influx rate in semi-steady state water drive can be mathematically expressed
as:

16
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

by plotting ln(𝑡) vs 1/𝑘 should result a straight line of a slope 𝑚 = 1/𝑐 and an intercept
of ln(𝑎)/𝐶 if there is water in our reservoir has semi-steady-state water behavior.

DATE P (psia) Delta P dWe/dT Delta T Time (Day) Ln T dP/dWe/Dt

Jun-06 1950 0 0 0
Dec-06 1767.058 182.942 1061.668 182.5 182.5 5.20675 0.17231562
Jun-07 1634.827 315.173 2502.294 182.5 365 5.899897 0.1259536
Dec-07 1539.697 410.303 2716.94 182.5 547.5 6.305362 0.15101659
Jun-08 1449.437 500.563 2467.569 182.5 730 6.593045 0.20285678
Dec-08 1385.062 564.938 2513.824 182.5 912.5 6.816188 0.22473256
Jun-09 1339.291 610.709 2758.179 182.5 1095 6.99851 0.22141747
Dec-09 1293.912 656.088 2952.948 182.5 1277.5 7.15266 0.22218069
Jun-10 1251.918 698.082 2996.978 182.5 1460 7.286192 0.23292861
Dec-10 1217.389 732.611 3154.893 182.5 1642.5 7.403975 0.23221419
Jun-11 1187.654 762.346 3432.653 182.5 1825 7.509335 0.22208654
Dec-11 1165.059 784.941 3424.301 182.5 2007.5 7.604645 0.22922663
Jun-12 1144.022 805.978 3222.343 182.5 2190 7.691657 0.25012172
Dec-12 1125.989 824.011 3010.288 182.5 2372.5 7.7717 0.27373164
Jun-13 1108.529 841.471 2652.374 182.5 2555 7.845808 0.31725203
Dec-13 1094.173 855.827 2037.107 182.5 2737.5 7.9148 0.42011881
Jun-14 1082.21 867.79 1547.428 182.5 2920 7.979339 0.56079505
Dec-14 1068.271 881.729 1677.508 182.5 3102.5 8.039964 0.52561842
Jun-15 1056.523 893.477 1803.805 182.5 3285 8.097122 0.49532913
Dec-15 1044.776 905.224 1726.507 182.5 3467.5 8.151189 0.52430952
Jun-16 1032.783 917.217 1546.142 182.5 3650 8.202482 0.59322928
Dec-16 1022.82 927.18 1072.766 182.5 3832.5 8.251273 0.86428888
Jun-17 1012.857 937.143 859.1357 182.5 4015 8.297793 1.09079744
Dec-17 1005.698 944.302 1776.624 182.5 4197.5 8.342244 0.53151469
Jun-18 997.7756 952.2244 182.5 4380 8.384804

Semi Seady State

1.2

0.8
dP/(dWe/dT)

0.6

0.4

0.2
17
0
5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9

Figure 7 Semi steady sate curve LN(T)

 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

It is clear that semi-steady state model does not generate a straight

line. So, our reservoir is NOT semi-steady state water drive.

Unsteady state water drive model checks:

For unsteady-state bottom water drive, the mathematical expression of water
encroachment is written as follows:
𝑁𝑝𝞫𝑜 + 𝑊𝑝𝞫𝑤 – Wi𝞫𝑤= 𝑁𝞫𝑜𝑖𝐶𝑒𝞓𝑃 + We
𝑁𝑝𝞫𝑜 + 𝑊𝑝𝞫𝑤 - Wi𝞫𝑤 = 𝑁𝞫𝑜𝑖𝐶𝑒𝞓𝑃 + 𝐵Σ (Δ𝑃 𝑎𝑣𝑔 ∗ 𝑄𝑡)
𝐹 = 𝑁𝑝 ∗ 𝐵𝑜 + 𝑊𝑝 ∗ 𝐵𝑤 – Wi𝞫𝑤
𝐸𝑜 = 𝐵𝑜𝑖 ∗ 𝐶𝑒 ∗ Δ𝑃
Qt dimensionless flow rate = f(tD )

Note that: - Σ (𝑄𝑡 Δ𝑃) = 𝑄𝑡1 Δ𝑃𝑖 + 𝑄𝑡2 Δ𝑃𝑖−1 + ⋯ + 𝑄𝑡𝑖 Δ𝑃1

Used constants: -

Swi 0.493
porosity 0.24
Cf 3.33E-06
K 516.29
Water viscosity 0.53
rw 6650

18
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

 So, we calculate and Plot (F/Eo) and 𝚺 (𝚫𝐏 𝐚𝐯𝐠 ∗ 𝐐𝐭) / 𝐄𝐨

For the correct re/rw the values will form a straight line with a slope m = B
(aquifer constant) and an intercept of OOIP.

DATE Cw td/t
Note: - to compute Qt we will use table for the equation Jun-06 3.02E-06 0.091435
of (Qt) as function of (td) as six-degree polynomial Dec-06 3.04E-06 0.091226
equation Jun-07 3.05E-06 0.091076
Dec-07 3.06E-06 0.090968
Jun-08 3.06E-06 0.090866
Dec-08 3.07E-06 0.090794
Jun-09 3.07E-06 0.090742
Dec-09 3.08E-06 0.090691
Jun-10 3.08E-06 0.090644
Dec-10 3.08E-06 0.090605
Jun-11 3.09E-06 0.090572
Dec-11 3.09E-06 0.090547
Jun-12 3.09E-06 0.090523
Dec-12 3.09E-06 0.090503
Jun-13 3.09E-06 0.090484
Dec-13 3.09E-06 0.090467
Jun-14 3.09E-06 0.090454
Dec-14 3.09E-06 0.090439
Jun-15 3.1E-06 0.090425
Dec-15 3.1E-06 0.090412
Jun-16 3.1E-06 0.090399
Dec-16 3.1E-06 0.090388
Jun-17 3.1E-06 0.090377
Dec-17 3.1E-06 0.090369
Jun-18 3.1E-06 0.09036

19
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Check for re/rw = 3

re / rw = 3
450000000
Qt = f(td) at re/rw=3 400000000
350000000
c1 -3.4723E-07
300000000
c2 3.05338E-05 250000000

F/Ee
c3 -0.0010917 200000000
c4 0.02053784 150000000
100000000
c5 -0.21926518
50000000
c6 1.305720032 0
c7 0.466555122 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000

max
24 and above = 4 Sum(Qt*dP)/Ee
Figure 8 re/rw = 3

CHECK FOR re/rw= 3

DATE P (psia) Time (Day) td dP Qt sum(Qt*dp) F Ee F/Ee Sum(Qt*dP)/Ee
Jun-06 1950 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dec-06 1767.058 182.5 16.64877 91.471 3.992851 365.230053 5823.861 0.003882 1500207 94082.04604
Jun-07 1634.827 365 33.24275 157.5865 4 995.103379 387924.1 0.006808 56976480 146156.145
Dec-07 1539.697 547.5 49.80517 113.6805 4 1450.13927 919823.5 0.008989 1.02E+08 161320.3971
Jun-08 1449.437 730 66.33248 92.695 4 1821.0693 1380882 0.011126 1.24E+08 163674.9671
Dec-08 1385.062 912.5 82.84939 77.3175 4 2130.44924 1822055 0.012696 1.44E+08 167804.678
Jun-09 1339.291 1095 99.36285 55.073 4 2350.90027 2300001 0.013838 1.66E+08 169888.5676
Dec-09 1293.912 1277.5 115.8582 45.575 4 2533.26817 2830557 0.014993 1.89E+08 168964.528
Jun-10 1251.918 1460 132.3405 43.6865 4 2708.02768 3379936 0.016084 2.1E+08 168372.3185
Dec-10 1217.389 1642.5 148.8194 38.2615 4 2861.11246 3926683 0.016997 2.31E+08 168328.9176
Jun-11 1187.654 1825 165.2941 32.132 4 2989.68428 4533719 0.017797 2.55E+08 167990.1747
Dec-11 1165.059 2007.5 181.7726 26.165 4 3094.38694 5181722 0.018413 2.81E+08 168056.5797
Jun-12 1144.022 2190 198.2458 21.816 4 3181.68203 5785647 0.018993 3.05E+08 167518.2001
Dec-12 1125.989 2372.5 214.7185 19.535 4 3259.83834 6359958 0.019496 3.26E+08 167206.7274
Jun-13 1108.529 2555 231.1854 17.7465 4 3330.83713 6886511 0.019988 3.45E+08 166645.4119
Dec-13 1094.173 2737.5 247.6547 15.908 4 3394.48227 7330136 0.020396 3.59E+08 166432.2638
Jun-14 1082.21 2920 264.1259 13.1595 4 3447.13992 7631911 0.020738 3.68E+08 166221.792
Dec-14 1068.271 3102.5 280.5855 12.951 4 3498.94541 7896943 0.02114 3.74E+08 165509.2771
Jun-15 1056.523 3285 297.0474 12.8435 4 3550.32018 8246306 0.021482 3.84E+08 165268.3252
Dec-15 1044.776 3467.5 313.5045 11.7475 4 3597.31801 8557408 0.021826 3.92E+08 164816.0369
Jun-16 1032.783 3650 329.9559 11.87 4 3644.79714 8878715 0.02218 4E+08 164326.9204
Dec-16 1022.82 3832.5 346.4111 10.978 4 3688.71552 9123942 0.022476 4.06E+08 164116.6682
Jun-17 1012.857 4015 362.8622 9.963 4 3728.57477 9272405 0.022774 4.07E+08 163720.1663
Dec-17 1005.698 4197.5 379.3224 8.561 4 3762.8288 9439452 0.022989 4.11E+08 163677.3967
Jun-18 997.7756 4380 395.776 7.5407 4 3792.99889 9922700 0.023229 4.27E+08 163289.74

From the graph, no straight line is obtained for re/rw = 3

20
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Check for re/rw = 5

F/Ee
CHECK FOR re/rw =5
450000000
400000000
350000000
Qt = f(td) at re/rw=5 300000000
c1 -5.3E-11 250000000
c2 2.44E-08
200000000
c3 -4.6E-06
150000000
c4 0.000456
c5 -0.02557 100000000

c6 0.788584 50000000
c7 1.220352 0
150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 500000 550000
max
70 and above = 12 Sum(Qt*dP)/Ee
Figure 9 re/rw =5

CHECK FOR re /rw = 5

DATE P (psia) Time (Day) td dP Qt sum(Qt*dp) F/Ee Ee Sum(Qt*dP)/Ee
Jun-06 1950 0 0 0 0 0
Dec-06 1767.058 182.5 16.64877 91.471 9.041863 827.068226 1500207 0.003882038 213050.0219
Jun-07 1634.827 365 33.24275 157.5865 11.23077 2452.16497 56976480 0.006808495 360162.5585
Dec-07 1539.697 547.5 49.80517 113.6805 11.78793 3875.95454 1.02E+08 0.008989187 431179.6376
Jun-08 1449.437 730 66.33248 92.695 11.96726 5067.13044 1.24E+08 0.011126132 455426.0548
Dec-08 1385.062 912.5 82.84939 77.3175 12 6063.71825 1.44E+08 0.012696006 477608.3231
Jun-09 1339.291 1095 99.36285 55.073 12 6808.11339 1.66E+08 0.013837896 491990.5137
Dec-09 1293.912 1277.5 115.8582 45.575 12 7404.1692 1.89E+08 0.014992899 493845.052
Jun-10 1251.918 1460 132.3405 43.6865 12 7946.52068 2.1E+08 0.016083568 494076.971
Dec-10 1217.389 1642.5 148.8194 38.2615 12 8425.90185 2.31E+08 0.016997154 495724.2884
Jun-11 1187.654 1825 165.2941 32.132 12 8834.50232 2.55E+08 0.017796781 496410.1387
Dec-11 1165.059 2007.5 181.7726 26.165 12 9172.06085 2.81E+08 0.018412769 498135.8844
Jun-12 1144.022 2190 198.2458 21.816 12 9452.78531 3.05E+08 0.018993053 497696.9934
Dec-12 1125.989 2372.5 214.7185 19.535 12 9698.76433 3.26E+08 0.019495856 497478.2409
Jun-13 1108.529 2555 231.1854 17.7465 12 9919.88524 3.45E+08 0.019987572 496302.6709
Dec-13 1094.173 2737.5 247.6547 15.908 12 10118.2217 3.59E+08 0.020395578 496098.7875
Jun-14 1082.21 2920 264.1259 13.1595 12 10286.1343 3.68E+08 0.020738195 495999.5009
Dec-14 1068.271 3102.5 280.5855 12.951 12 10444.7258 3.74E+08 0.021140479 494062.8706
Jun-15 1056.523 3285 297.0474 12.8435 12 10599.9692 3.84E+08 0.021482157 493431.3174
Dec-15 1044.776 3467.5 313.5045 11.7475 12 10744.3983 3.92E+08 0.021826262 492269.2772
Jun-16 1032.783 3650 329.9559 11.87 12 10887.3486 4E+08 0.022180158 490859.8192
Dec-16 1022.82 3832.5 346.4111 10.978 12 11021.865 4.06E+08 0.022476178 490379.8481
Jun-17 1012.857 4015 362.8622 9.963 12 11145.1195 4.07E+08 0.022774071 489377.5598
Dec-17 1005.698 4197.5 379.3224 8.561 12 11252.9648 4.11E+08 0.0229893 489487.0531
Jun-18 997.7756 4380 395.776 7.5407 12 11347.7943 4.27E+08 0.023228642 488525.9477

From the graph, no straight line is obtained for re/rw = 5

21
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Check for re/rw = 7

Check for re/rw = 7
450000000

Qt = f(td) at re/rw=7 400000000

c1 -1.8E-12 350000000
c2 1.42E-09 300000000
c3 -4.8E-07

F/Ee
250000000
c4 9.01E-05 200000000
c5 -0.01024 150000000
c6 0.695945 100000000
c7 1.372001 50000000
max
0
500 = 24 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000
Sum(Qt*dP)/Ee
From the graph, no
CHECK FO re/rw = 7
DATE P (psia) Time (Day) td dP Qt sum(Qt*dp) Ee F/Ee Sum(Qt*dP)/Ee
Jun-06 1950 0 0 0 0 0
Dec-06 1767.058 182.5 16.64877 91.471 10.50049 960.490275 0.003882 1500207 247419.0978
Jun-07 1634.827 365 33.24275 157.5865 15.96687 3115.24073 0.006808 56976480 457552.0346
Dec-07 1539.697 547.5 49.80517 113.6805 19.2083 5466.86612 0.008989 1.02E+08 608160.216
Jun-08 1449.437 730 66.33248 92.695 21.13167 7748.36822 0.011126 1.24E+08 696411.6697
Dec-08 1385.062 912.5 82.84939 77.3175 22.28678 9844.18955 0.012696 1.44E+08 775376.8674
Jun-09 1339.291 1095 99.36285 55.073 22.98596 11610.2281 0.013838 1.66E+08 839016.8882
Dec-09 1293.912 1277.5 115.8582 45.575 23.40295 13098.3813 0.014993 1.89E+08 873638.9732
Jun-10 1251.918 1460 132.3405 43.6865 23.64164 14407.5684 0.016084 2.1E+08 895794.2775
Dec-10 1217.389 1642.5 148.8194 38.2615 23.7756 15553.186 0.016997 2.31E+08 915046.5104
Jun-11 1187.654 1825 165.2941 32.132 23.86291 16541.5615 0.017797 2.55E+08 929469.3187
Dec-11 1165.059 2007.5 181.7726 26.165 23.93556 17381.1487 0.018413 2.81E+08 943972.5732
Jun-12 1144.022 2190 198.2458 21.816 23.96275 18091.0261 0.018993 3.05E+08 952507.5426
Dec-12 1125.989 2372.5 214.7185 19.535 24 18703.3136 0.019496 3.26E+08 959348.1441
Jun-13 1108.529 2555 231.1854 17.7465 24 19240.2728 0.019988 3.45E+08 962611.8198
Dec-13 1094.173 2737.5 247.6547 15.908 24 19711.9629 0.020396 3.59E+08 966482.1738
Jun-14 1082.21 2920 264.1259 13.1595 24 20117.6132 0.020738 3.68E+08 970075.4257
Dec-14 1068.271 3102.5 280.5855 12.951 24 20484.2646 0.02114 3.74E+08 968959.3352
Jun-15 1056.523 3285 297.0474 12.8435 24 20826.7848 0.021482 3.84E+08 969492.2344
Dec-15 1044.776 3467.5 313.5045 11.7475 24 21143.7495 0.021826 3.92E+08 968729.7536
Jun-16 1032.783 3650 329.9559 11.87 24 21447.7426 0.02218 4E+08 966978.7814
Dec-16 1022.82 3832.5 346.4111 10.978 24 21734.436 0.022476 4.06E+08 966998.7307
Jun-17 1012.857 4015 362.8622 9.963 24 22000.8843 0.022774 4.07E+08 966049.6714
Dec-17 1005.698 4197.5 379.3224 8.561 24 22241.4139 0.022989 4.11E+08 967468.0747
Jun-18 997.7756 4380 395.776 7.5407 24 22456.9583 0.023229 4.27E+08 966778.7919
straight line is obtained for re/rw = 7.

22
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
Check for re/rw = 10
CHECK FOR re/rw =10
450000000
Qt = f(td) at re/rw= 10
400000000
c1 -1.6E-12 350000000 f(x) = 253.223706930158 x − 93217367.8082437
R² = 0.972442460191206
c2 1.06E-09 300000000
c3 -2.8E-07 250000000

F/Ee
c4 4.26E-05 200000000
c5 -0.00515 150000000
c6 0.617234 100000000
c7 1.839645 50000000
0
max 0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000
500 49.4 Sum(Qt*dP)/Ee

From the graph, no

CHECK FOR re/rw =10
DATE P (psia) Time (Day) td dP Qt sum(Qt*dp) Ee F/Ee Sum(Qt*dP)/Ee
Jun-06 1950 0 0 0 0 0
Dec-06 1767.058 182.5 16.64877 91.471 10.8654 993.869345 0.003882 1500207 256017.4351
Jun-07 1634.827 365 33.24275 157.5865 17.93241 3352.53602 0.006808 56976480 492404.8607
Dec-07 1539.697 547.5 49.80517 113.6805 23.6446 6223.88468 0.008989 1.02E+08 692374.5652
Jun-08 1449.437 730 66.33248 92.695 28.34067 9364.1523 0.011126 1.24E+08 841635.9097
Dec-08 1385.062 912.5 82.84939 77.3175 32.21815 12603.3936 0.012696 1.44E+08 992705.3717
Jun-09 1339.291 1095 99.36285 55.073 35.39586 15713.2379 0.013838 1.66E+08 1135522.216
Dec-09 1293.912 1277.5 115.8582 45.575 37.9688 18651.4918 0.014993 1.89E+08 1244021.674
Jun-10 1251.918 1460 132.3405 43.6865 40.04326 21441.7981 0.016084 2.1E+08 1333149.323
Dec-10 1217.389 1642.5 148.8194 38.2615 41.73616 24053.8234 0.016997 2.31E+08 1415167.743
Jun-11 1187.654 1825 165.2941 32.132 43.15449 26466.9888 0.017797 2.55E+08 1487178.461
Dec-11 1165.059 2007.5 181.7726 26.165 44.35549 28670.8347 0.018413 2.81E+08 1557116.97
Jun-12 1144.022 2190 198.2458 21.816 45.2795 30664.2568 0.018993 3.05E+08 1614498.575
Dec-12 1125.989 2372.5 214.7185 19.535 45.66424 32429.4272 0.019496 3.26E+08 1663401.011
Jun-13 1108.529 2555 231.1854 17.7465 49.35 34277.9486 0.019988 3.45E+08 1714963.131
Dec-13 1094.173 2737.5 247.6547 15.908 49.35 36141.2163 0.020396 3.59E+08 1772012.333
Jun-14 1082.21 2920 264.1259 13.1595 49.35 37650.3565 0.020738 3.68E+08 1815507.893
Dec-14 1068.271 3102.5 280.5855 12.951 49.35 38941.0868 0.02114 3.74E+08 1842015.342
Jun-15 1056.523 3285 297.0474 12.8435 49.35 40072.7392 0.021482 3.84E+08 1865396.404
Dec-15 1044.776 3467.5 313.5045 11.7475 49.35 41037.2248 0.021826 3.92E+08 1880176.489
Jun-16 1032.783 3650 329.9559 11.87 49.35 41903.9359 0.02218 4E+08 1889253.223
Dec-16 1022.82 3832.5 346.4111 10.978 49.35 42705.1648 0.022476 4.06E+08 1900018.946
Jun-17 1012.857 4015 362.8622 9.963 49.35 43433.2963 0.022774 4.07E+08 1907137.96
Dec-17 1005.698 4197.5 379.3224 8.561 49.35 44086.3772 0.022989 4.11E+08 1917691.144
Jun-18 997.7756 4380 395.776 7.5407 49.35 44669.5783 0.023229 4.27E+08 1923038.747
straight line is obtained for re/rw = 10.

23
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
Check for re/rw = infinite
Infinite unsteady state
Qt = f(td) at re/rw= infinite
450000000
4.85E-12 C7 f(x) = 101.622761165455 x + 37969155.9924144
400000000 R² = 0.952945967946537
-1.84E-09 C6
350000000
2.84E-07 C5
300000000
-2.27E-05 C4
250000000
1.03E-03 C3

F/Ee
200000000
-2.75E-02 C2
150000000
8.54E-01 C1
100000000
8.16E-01 C0 50000000
0
0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000
Sum(Qt*dP)/Ee

CHECK FOR INFINITE UNSTEADY STATE

DATE P (psia) Time (Day) td dP Qt sum(Qt*dp) Ee F/Ee Sum(Qt*dP)/Ee
Jun-06 1950 0 0 0 0.00000 0 0 0 0
Dec-06 1767.058 182.5 16.64877 91.471 10.74374 982.74085 0.003882 1500207 253150.7717
Jun-07 1634.827 365 33.24275 157.5865 18.10617 3349.25779 0.006808 56976480 491923.3692
Dec-07 1539.697 547.5 49.80517 113.6805 24.80687 6343.75049 0.008989 1.02E+08 705709.0081
Jun-08 1449.437 730 66.33248 92.695 31.04991 9803.60349 0.011126 1.24E+08 881133.1207
Dec-08 1385.062 912.5 82.84939 77.3175 37.13858 13619.2376 0.012696 1.44E+08 1072718.247
Jun-09 1339.291 1095 99.36285 55.073 42.93794 17600.9705 0.013838 1.66E+08 1271939.823
Dec-09 1293.912 1277.5 115.8582 45.575 48.75809 21731.306 0.014993 1.89E+08 1449439.856
Jun-10 1251.918 1460 132.3405 43.6865 54.17819 26024.5514 0.016084 2.1E+08 1618083.191
Dec-10 1217.389 1642.5 148.8194 38.2615 59.49523 30416.9291 0.016997 2.31E+08 1789530.761
Jun-11 1187.654 1825 165.2941 32.132 64.72315 34876.57 0.017797 2.55E+08 1959712.309
Dec-11 1165.059 2007.5 181.7726 26.165 69.87551 39372.2448 0.018413 2.81E+08 2138312.022
Jun-12 1144.022 2190 198.2458 21.816 74.95814 43887.3752 0.018993 3.05E+08 2310706.737
Dec-12 1125.989 2372.5 214.7185 19.535 79.97964 48425.5692 0.019496 3.26E+08 2483890.338
Jun-13 1108.529 2555 231.1854 17.7465 84.94434 52986.282 0.019988 3.45E+08 2650961.44
Dec-13 1094.173 2737.5 247.6547 15.908 89.85961 57562.6389 0.020396 3.59E+08 2822309.719
Jun-14 1082.21 2920 264.1259 13.1595 94.72947 62138.1447 0.020738 3.68E+08 2996314.046
Dec-14 1068.271 3102.5 280.5855 12.951 99.55350 66725.9308 0.02114 3.74E+08 3156311.196
Jun-15 1056.523 3285 297.0474 12.8435 104.33897 71332.0678 0.021482 3.84E+08 3320526.261
Dec-15 1044.776 3467.5 313.5045 11.7475 109.08653 75950.289 0.021826 3.92E+08 3479766.197
Jun-16 1032.783 3650 329.9559 11.87 113.79833 80588.7647 0.02218 4E+08 3633371.903
Dec-16 1022.82 3832.5 346.4111 10.978 118.47922 85241.1828 0.022476 4.06E+08 3792512.284
Jun-17 1012.857 4015 362.8622 9.963 123.12888 89902.2484 0.022774 4.07E+08 3947570.307
Dec-17 1005.698 4197.5 379.3224 8.561 127.75269 94563.6062 0.022989 4.11E+08 4113374.733
Jun-18 997.7756 4380 395.776 7.5407 132.34779 99221.9198 0.023229 4.27E+08 4271533.411

From the graph, it is clear that the unsteady state model of re/rw = ∞, behaves
almost as a straight line with R2=.9529.
It also shows that:

24
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

OOIP (N) = 38 MMSTB

Reservoir constant (B) = 101.6 RB/psi

Prediction of future reservoir performance:

After obtaining a reservoir model with a good match of production history and old
pressure performance, we can use this model to predict the future performance of
this reservoir.
Reservoir constants
Cf Boi N Beta Pi
3.33E-06 1.148416 37969156 101.6228 1950

1.Undersaturated lifetime
Used equations:

Assume at 18-Dec, pressure = 988 (psia)

P Bo Co psi-1 Bw Cw Ce Ee
988 1.159423611 1.17121E-05 1.024725 3.10102E-06 2.12945E-05 0.023526
Np (stb) Wp (stb) Wi (stb) N * Ee sum(Qt*dp) We uss We Mb
9.00E+06 2499877.844 2592567 893250.1 103896.8929 10558289.13 9.45E+06
9.50E+06 2859935.683 2592567 893250.1 103896.8929 10558289.13 1.04E+07
1.00E+07 3423799.606 2592567 893250.1 103896.8929 10558289.13 1.16E+07
1.10E+07 5680583.23 2592567 893250.1 103896.8929 10558289.13 1.50E+07
Results
Np Wp P = 988Wipsia We
16000000 9.50E+06 2859935.683 2592567 10556240
14000000
12000000
10000000
We uss
8000000
We

We Mb
6000000 Polynomial
(We Mb)
4000000
25
2000000
0
8.50E+06 9.00E+06 9.50E+06 1.00E+07 1.05E+07 1.10E+07 1.15E+07
Np (stb)
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
Assume at 19-Jun, pressure = 980 (psia)
P Bo Co psi-1 Bw Cw Ce Ee
980 1.159544329 1.17554E-05 1.024718 3.10165E-06 2.13384E-05 0.02377

Np (stb) Wp (stb) Wi (stb) N * Ee sum(Qt*dp) We uss We Mb

9.70E+06 3055162.438 2765542 902533.9 108587.6652 11034978.37 1.06E+07
1.00E+07 3423799.606 2765542 902533.9 108587.6652 11034978.37 1.14E+07
1.05E+07 4310805.468 2765542 902533.9 108587.6652 11034978.37 1.29E+07
1.10E+07 5680583.23 2765542 902533.9 108587.6652 11034978.37 1.48E+07
1.15E+07 7740431.095 2765542 902533.9 108587.6652 11034978.37 1.75E+07

Np Wp Wi We
9.85E+06 3226856.72 2765542 11032836

P = 980 psia
20000000
18000000
16000000
14000000
12000000
We uss
10000000
We

We Mb
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
9.50E+06 1.00E+07 1.05E+07 1.10E+07 1.15E+07 1.20E+07
Np (stb)

Assume at 19-Dec, pressure = 965 (psia)

P Bo Co psi-1 Bw Cw Ce Ee
965 1.159773874 1.18377E-05 1.024706 3.10284E-06 2.14218E-05 0.024232

Np (stb) Wp (stb) Wi (stb) N * Ee sum(Qt*dp) We uss We Mb

1.00E+07 3423799.606 2985981 920074.8 113322.4611 11516141.4 1.11E+07
1.05E+07 4310805.468 2985981
P = 920074.8
965 psia 113322.4611 11516141.4 1.26E+07
1.10E+0720000000
5680583.23 2985981 920074.8 113322.4611 11516141.4 1.46E+07
18000000
1.15E+0716000000
7740431.095 2985981 920074.8 113322.4611 11516141.4 1.73E+07
14000000
Np Wp Wi We
12000000
10000000 1.02E+07 3649550.772 2985981 11513906 We uss
We

8000000 We Mb
6000000
4000000
26
2000000
0
9.50E+06 1.00E+07 1.05E+07 1.10E+07 1.15E+07 1.20E+07
Np (stb)
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Assume at 20-Jun, pressure = 950 (psia) - Qi = 1900 (bbl/day)

P Bo Co psi-1 Bw Cw Ce Ee
950 1.160007774 1.19215E-05 1.024693 3.10403E-06 2.15069E-05 0.024699
Np (stb) Wp (stb) Wi (stb) N * Ee sum(Qt*dp) We uss We Mb
1.02E+07 3649550.772 3332541 937794.1 118130.299 12004727.17 1.12E+07
1.05E+07 4310805.468 3332541 937794.1 118130.299 12004727.17 1.22E+07
1.10E+07 5680583.23 3332541 937794.1 118130.299 12004727.17 1.42E+07
1.15E+07 7740431.095 3332541 937794.1 118130.299 12004727.17 1.69E+07
1.20E+07 10753266.17 3332541 937794.1 118130.299 12004727.17 2.06E+07

Np Wp Wi We
1.05E+07 4203362.45 3332541 12002397

P = 950 psia
25000000

20000000

15000000
We uss
We

10000000 We Mb

5000000

0
1.00E+07 1.05E+07 1.10E+07 1.15E+07 1.20E+07 1.25E+07
Np (stb)

Assume at 20-Dec, pressure = 940 (psia)

P Bo Co psi-1 Bw Cw Ce Ee
940 P = 940
1.1602 1.19784E-05 psia 3.10483E-06 2.15645E-05 0.025013
1.024685
25000000
Np (stb) Wp (stb) Wi (stb) N * Ee sum(Qt*dp) We uss We Mb
20000000
1.05E+07 4203362.45 3679101 949708.6 122973.1005 12496866.03 1.17E+07
1.10E+0715000000
5680583.23 3679101 949708.6 122973.1005 12496866.03 1.39E+07
1.15E+07 7740431.095 3679101 949708.6 122973.1005 12496866.03 1.66E+07
We uss
We

WeMb
1.20E+07 10753266.17
10000000 3679101 949708.6 122973.1005 12496866.03 2.02E+07
5000000
Np Wp Wi We
27
1.07E+07 4662605.879 3679101 12494440
0
1.00E+07 1.05E+07 1.10E+07 1.15E+07 1.20E+07 1.25E+07
Np (stb)
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Total results of reservoir performance prediction

Date pressure (psia) Np (stb) Wp (stb) Wi (stb) We (bbl) Delta Np (stb)
18-Dec 988 9500000 2859936 2592567 10556239.78
19-Jun 980 9850000 3226857 2765542 11032836.49 350000
19-Dec 965 10150000 3649551 2985981 11513906.13 300000
20-Jun 950 10450000 4203362 3332541 12002397.07 300000
20-Dec 940 10650000 4662606 3679101 12494440.4 200000

2.Saturated lifetime
By use the same equation with changes in material balance equation

The first term is replaced by:

The fourth term is replaced by:

Assume at 21-Jun, Pressure = 930 (psia) - Rp = 225 scf/stb

P Bo Bw Rs Bg sum(Qt*dp) Cw Swi Rsi

930 1.158617 1.02467623 215.7439 0.000538558 127830.6755 3.11E-06 0.493 217

Np (stb) Wp (stb) Wi (stb) sum(Qt*dp) We uss (bbl) We Mb ((bbl)

1.07E+07 4790326 4025661 127830.676 12990506.21 1.24E+07
1.10E+07 5680583 4025661 127830.676 12990506.21 1.37E+07
1.15E+07 7740431 4025661 127830.676 12990506.21 1.63E+07

28
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

Results
Np (stb) Wp (stb) Wi (stb) We uss (bbl)
1.084E+07 5178140 4025661 12990506.21

P = 930 psia
18000000

16000000

14000000

12000000

10000000 We uss (bbl)

We

We Mb ((bbl)
8000000

6000000

4000000

2000000

0
1.06E+07 1.08E+07 1.10E+07 1.12E+07 1.14E+07 1.16E+07
Np (stb)

References

1- Reservoir Engineering Handbook. 4th. Edition: Tarek Ahmed H. Gulf

Professional Publishing, 2010.

2- Prof. DR. Hamed Khattab. “reservoir Engineering”. Suez University,

Faculty of Petroleum & Mining Engineering.

29
 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
3- William D. McCain, jr. The properties of petroleum fluids.
2nd. Texas, Oklahoma: Penwell Publishing Company

4- Craft, B.C and Hawkins, M.F. "Applied petroleum reservoir engineering”.

Prentice hall Inc., New jersey.

30