PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

QUARTER 1-MODULE NO. 1

Nature & Importance of

Quantitative Research

Instructor: Ms. Desiree Domaguio

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ……………………………………………...2
Warm up Discussion……………………………………3
Lesson 1……………………………………………………...4
Lesson 2 ……………………………………………………..6
 Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 Module No. 1

INTRODUCTION

Eyes on me!

Are you fond of search engines? How many times did you click "search" on the internet?

Did you know that the word research is derived from the Middle French "recherche", which means "to go
about seeking", the term being derived from the Old French term "recerchier" a compound word from "re-" +
"cerchier", or "sercher", meaning 'search'.

Research began when people start asking questions. The process we do in finding answers we seek for
our doubts and curiosity is called RESEARCH. Whether we love it or hate it, we need to do it. Finding out the
facts about our assignments, our job, or our life will allow us to make better decisions and gain more
knowledge.

In fact, the more research we do, the more we can do with our life because research is the creation of a
new knowledge. In this semester, may we all find answers to the mysteries of every question.

Learning Competencies:

1. Describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research.

CS_RS12-Ia-c-1
2. Designs research useful in daily life. CS_RS12-Id-e-1
3. Appreciate the role of quantitative research in your chosen career path.

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WARM UP DISCUSSION

Ancient Greek thinker Aristotle is considered by many to be the first scientist, “believed
that every problem had an objective solution.” Therefore, your goal for Practical Research 2
is to practice the methods of quantitative research for finding answers to well-framed re
search questions. You will develop a quantitative research protocol, conduct an approved
study, and write a quality research paper to be submitted at the end of the semester.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. (To be submitted with
Task 1 & 2)

1. A systematic process of collecting and logically analyzing information for some

purposes a. inquiry b. research c. verification d. observation
2. A research study that uses numbers in stating generalizations about a given problem or inquiry.
a. qualitative research b. quantitative c. experimental research d. Statistics
3. After a thorough study, it is considered as a basis about a certain phenomenon.
a. instruments b. observation c. data d. results
4. A structured approach is composed of the following, EXCEPT:
a. predetermined variables b. design c. hypothesis d. title
5. In gathering and analysis of data for Quantitative Research it involves the use of this
methods. a. numerical b. statistical c. scientific d. computer-based
6. A larger population yields, what type of data?
a. significant b. reliable c. correct d. quality
7. Which statement is NOT a strength of Quantitative Research?
a. this type of research is the most reliable and valid way of concluding results
b. it allows researcher to insufficiently control the situation
c. it produces real and unbiased results since it filters out external factors
d. it is useful for testing the results gained by series of qualitative experiments
8. Among the following statements, which is a weakness of a Quantitative
Research? a. Limited to the views of the respondents
b. Biased due to the researcher’s perspective
c. Costly, difficult, and time-consuming
d. Provides certainty on its results
9.Which of the following is true about the role of researchers in a quantitative
approach?
a. observer b. participant c. participant and observer d. participant or an observer
10.Which of the following justifies the absence of in-depth analysis in quantitative
research?
a. The absence of qualitative connection between researcher and respondents
b. Participant’s unwillingness to answer the survey forms
c. Statistical tools are usually straightforward when it explains
d. Numerical responses are self-explainable
--------------------End of Pre-Test----------------

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Lesson 1: Nature of Inquiry and

ResearchLECTURE
Understanding the meaning of Research

Research - is the acquisition of new knowledge through PURPOSIVE, ORGANIZED, and DESIGNED
program of activities. It seeks to find the answers to the problems and generate new information for a better
understanding of the concepts under study.

Practical research - refers to the building of knowledge useful to practice that adheres to the basic
principles of scientific inquiry—clearly defined research. questions, valid measures of behavior, systematic
collection and analysis of. data, and appropriate conclusions. “Practical research” is research directed towards
problems which have a practical, “day-to-day” nature.

Purpose of Practical Research?

The purpose of practical research is to solve a problem —to make a decision; to develop a new program,
product, method or procedure - to evaluate a program, product or procedure.

Difference between Practical Research, Research Project and Research Proposal?

Research is a careful study conducted using a systematic approach and scientific methods, whereas a
project is a collaborative or individual project that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim. The main
difference between research and project is that research is the systematic investigation and study of materials
and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions, while a project is a specific and finite activity that
gives a measurable and observable result under preset requirements. A research proposal is prepared at the
beginning of the project. In contrast, the research report is prepared after the completion of the project.

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Quantitative Research is a type of inquiry where relations are established through the collection of
NUMERICAL DATA where are analyzed TO DERIVE GENERALIZATION. It specifically refers to tests or
experiments that yield quantifiable values that can be analyzed using statistics, figures, and mathematical models
to provide information that may be used in decision making.
STRENGTH WEAKNESS STRENGTH WEAKNESS

Data collection is faster and easier to do. The The statistical aspects may be too technical for
statistical aspects may be too technical for average readers to comprehend.
average readers to comprehend.

Useful in a large sample or population because Too much emphasis on statistical significance, disre
it could speedily generate accurate, precise, garding the importance of the effects involved in the
and credible results. study

Data analysis is done with statistical software. The results might be too abstract and extensive for
The results are more objective, and free from di rect application to local conditions and
per sonal bias of the researcher. personages.

The samples are randomly selected and are not
in a way known or related to the researcher.
The study is replicable, and the instruments
used may be re-used to further researchers in
the different fields and contexts.
Results of the study may also be too limited as they
only provide numeric interpretations rather than de
tailed narrative accounts of an individual insights.

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Qualitative vis-à-vis Quantitative Research
QUANTITATIVE QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTERISTIC
 Description and explanation oriented IDENTIFYING A Exploratory and understanding oriented
RESEARCH PROBLEM

❑ Major role REVIEWING THE ❑ Minor role

❑ Justification for the research LITERATURE ❑ Justification for the research
problem and specification for the problem
need for the study

❑ Specific and narrow SPECIFYING A ❑ General and broad

❑ Measurable, observable data PURPOSE ❑ Participants’ experiences

❑ Predetermined instruments COLLECTING DATA ❑ General, emerging form

❑ Numeric (numbered) data ❑ Text or image data
❑ Large number of individuals ❑ Small number of individuals or sites

❑ Statistical analysis ANALYZING AND ❑ Text analysis

❑ Description of trends, comparison INTERPRETING DATA ❑ Description, analysis, and
of groups, or relationships among thematic development
variables ❑ The larger meaning of findings

❑ Standard and fixed REPORTING AND ❑ Flexible and emerging

❑ Objective and unbiased EVALUATING ❑ Reflexive and biased
RESEARCH

Designs for Quantitative Research

• Correlational research investigates the degree of association between variables.
• Experimental research is one where a group of respondents are RANDOMLY selected to undergo a
particular researcher–imposed treatment to determine the effect of such treatment.
• Historical quantitative research makes use of historical data to predict the behavior of a variable. •
Causal research examines the cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

Quantitative Research Approaches

Hypothesis Driven Approach-state a hypothesis based on the provided information
Example:
Observation- My cellphone is not working!
Question- Why doesn’t it work?
Hypothesis- It’s out of batteries.
Prediction-It should work when I recharge it.
Test Prediction- Recharge it.
Result- It does not work after charging. The hypothesis is not supported.

Descriptive research- based the analysis only on measurable observables.

Example:
A researcher researching the income of the employees in a company, and the relationship with
their performance. A survey will be carried out to gather enough data about the income of the
employees, then their performance will be evaluated and compared to their income.

Data-driven research- based on analysis and interpretation of hard data (a collection of raw information, such
as numbers, words, ideas, observations, measurements, or descriptions) rather than on observation. Example:
If you've ever shopped at Shopee you have probably received a product recommendation while
visiting the website. Shopee bases its recommendations on what customers have bought in the
past, the items in their virtual shopping cart, what items the customer has ranked or reviewed
after purchase and what products the customer has viewed when visiting the site.

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 Lesson 2: Identifying the Inquiry
and Stating the Problem
LECTURE

Research allows you to pursue your interests, to learn something new, to hone your problem-solving
skills and to challenge yourself in new ways and because research intends to achieve goals; to pursue the goals,
you need variables that make the process of goal setting possible to identify which results in the achievement of
the goals.
Therefore, research means the measurement of the variables and the importance important to understand
because they are the basic units of the information studied and interpreted in research studies. Basically,
the variables should be determined in accordance with their purpose and components.

A variable is an object, event, idea, feeling, time, period, or any other type of category
which can be measured (Kalof, Dan, & Dietz, 2008)

Characteristics of A Variable

• They have a prescriptive period/duration when they start and stop.

• They may have a pattern such as daily, weekly, and monthly.
• They are detailed though the summary is thorough and profound.
• There may be dormancy which is the time gap between measuring dependent and independent variable
because some things do not take effect right away.

Types of Variables

1. Probable Cause Effect eating without any physical weight gain

2. INDEPENDENT
Treatment Measured Intervening DEPENDENT
wealth access to quality healthcare a long-life span

3. Control Variables (Constant)

Examples: Duration, Sizes, temperature, time etc.

Moderating Variables CONFOUNDING (unmeasured influence) Number of Practice study completed

Age

Hours of study (I.V) Exam score (D.V.) Physical Activity Level (I.V) Weight gain (D.V.) Definition

of Each Type of Variables

➢ Dependent Variable - the variable that depends on other factors that are measured. These variables are
expected to change as a result of an experimental manipulation of the independent variable or variables.
It is the presumed effect.
➢ Independent Variable - The variable that is stable and unaffected by the other variables you are trying
to measure. It refers to the condition of an experiment that is systematically manipulated by the investi
gator. It is the presumed cause.

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➢ Intervening variable - (sometimes called a mediating variable) a hypothetical variable used to explain
 causal links between other variables.
➢ Confounding variable - a variable that occurs when the experimental controls do not allow the experi
menter to reasonably eliminate plausible alternative explanations for an observed relationship between
independent and dependent variables.

What Makes a Good Research Topic?

A research topic is a subject or issue that a researcher is interested in when conducting research.

❖ When you “Think Like a Researcher” you are focused on a research question rather than a research topic.
❖ You must also be able to articulate the problem that underlies the question.
❖ This problem must have social significance.
❖ The solution you argue for in your proposal must be arguable and feasible based on reliable evidence.

Guide of How to Choose a Topic and Formulate Research Questions

TOPIC ISSUE RESEARCH UNDERLYIN SOCIAL PROPOSAL/SOLUTI
(BROA QUESTION G SIGNIFICAN ON What is your
D) (NARROWE PROBLEM(S CE Does your proposal for
What R) What is a ) What is the problem have addressing this
is specific problem social problem?
the issue research that significance? Is your proposal
or question makes both arguable &
overall you want your feasible?
topic to question
that investigate? worth
interest investigating
s ? Is this an
you? actual
problem or
an assumed
problem?

Education Rising Is a college Many Debt Colleges should focus

Cost of a education students are Unemployme on critical thinking
College worth the emerging nt Value of and data analysis
Education investment from 4-year Education skills of the
for students in degree Senior High School
the programs students in the
Humanities with Humanities Social
Social staggering Sciences curriculum.
Sciences? student debt
and no job
prospects.

Social Violence How do first First-person Mental Health The Barangay

Media in the person shooter Public Safety officials should
Media shooter games monitor the
games affect reduce computer shops
the players’ where students play
psychology level of self shooter
of their control and games during class hours.
players? empathy
which
increases
criminal
violence.
Identifying the Research Title

Example of Research Titles based on the chosen topic above:

1) “Effects of Rising Cost of College Education to Senior Students in the Humanities Social Science
Strand of Quezon City High School.”
2) “The Influence of Media Violence on the Youth of Barangay Central Quezon City.”

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RESEARCH TOPICS
❖ ACCOUNTABCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT (ABM)
▪ ADMINISTRATION (MANAGEMENT)
▪ MARKETING & ENTREPRENEURSHIP

❖ SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS (STEM)

▪ SCIENCE (BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, HEALTH & ENERGY) ▪
TECHNOLOGY

❖ HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (HUMSS)

▪ SOCIAL SCIENCE (LITERATURE, CULTURE & PSYCHOLOGY)

❖ GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND (GAS)

▪ EDUCATION (ENVIRONMENT, MUSIC & LITERACY)

❖ INFORMATION, TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION (ICT) ▪

TECHNOLGY, COMMUNICATION & MEDIA (SOCIAL MEDIA)

❖ HOME ECONOMICS (H.E.)

▪ FOOD TECHNOLOGY
▪ HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE (FOOD & SAFETY)
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