Date

AFFAT
Page
Dote
ARFAT
PO9e.
Damo F bloce tmants F26 I 2s2 2 p 33 3p us236
fu (+2) ig2 22 2p 3 3ps 3 d6
ulmnbs F
QU_puopeubes oD-block (+3) 1s 22 p6 3s2 3p 3d5
h dout aluctousn s dkie l m n t s (accosdng to ay
baw Couquatis) u t untn m tte D-8ulosl
V .
F (24)= is 2s 2p 3s2 3p6 us sa y h actin.
out dbuoce mnta ua ubrnaa
tondony to COmplecRA
tamswtiew lmats JuLansa
.
awauilalo uty vacamt d eUoital
tu pesutiew butulw &ok t O L md Small i z
wow-e t o l um pauuodad &oo
igw wweuan dhagu s tinal wutal isu
along e puiode Roi uball pouop nt
-
maball psuopenuty uineuasen MOst 1 dha d- boce ehuout cabalyie
hae ts laat tuo s l s nompete
PLOputy oLcouuAt
F(16)-122 2 3s2 p u3a >availabuuby o vacamt d- subtal
tendn D coplicd
inomp
4e(gemax) abuluty to uchibit vosualo cidouew utat
Conput Conp u t e
wonpute
mult amd
Houu , Zm ,aolunuum
-
oeuing peinta oucamse
and Is Tiamsutiow sumes
as non- tuomsuam
se(2 Ti (2) v23) C(2u) Mun 5 F(16) Co(21) Ni(18)
wD-block us 3a' 4s 342 us*8d3 '345 4 345 43d us2 3d7 45 303 4s
(Z:ug ado wwpauno 3
Mas aloloR almmts chakOub va Alo
evoatien utate
Couta aig
 Date
ARFAT ARFAT
Pag

uwte tomc
duu to wc Hhay dhone Jton
bondn Astromi Raaw fuut
Latt dhal tte
ut g ltiuAg uLoms alma conutont, +R bacamsa
ubrog metod
pounb
lagu wD
At bal

wpauuLd
stD
aodud o
shiadug
tons.
boa chaonmw dhas
dhas brong mitalee bend
ulctuon o u
Me has no noauuo lLtoLeMA Fesumaie auloys 0 bloce utmts
baas ute komu
-

oucause t dhos
SMUy aa duguuia mitol
wwpouLd uS o t has nouuak mitallic benomg d otucbOns u o latB hay P uod

D- Lcce umts thaue wwy digtw uutkal .most D buoUe Amnnts wwehuouw

amomt w s wotww locoun thu Gntaiw

abomsotnow ut mmams agu
ulubuDus amd hun magnbic honW us buca
uguuud to

detiu) ucaus www.st t a-oloR U minES ha

ana

uballiw
bendug M nn+-2)
Maguetio

Most o MOMs d blote umet a Colowud

as.cob d-d banitiow ( y s a i d thoy) uthu magnbid oanaitu

www tR wew uould snton attuot 9e

wou ' coniquatisw) Hunua paopusubnes o E- blsce umuts

Aalts wte. oucau

- Ca au

Sunu d ? hans wo wwpainad ulactouens o -d uwuomplta

tomaitiew and dhwulou w cstous ue
Cnuo ugnuguat w w-2)F w- a ns2

b)u Colourls ws
o wnauec m p a u d ws Rest wtate +3
ecidoaw
no a-d tanAtTeW beth uthomdes amo atiuidus)
 Date ARFAT
Page ARFAT

ontlacisw; As t t e atouc loas

lamttnomiole

58 11 tti
. Rsu dhas-fenugunatiG L
hamA
ntaA authauiclLs
oc adu Cob meusy ooeas Tu

Megutiu eMamgAU
anthamdu Contatin

S ardy u also aue aamdu Cntoatiew wuei

euoubal matien o
yuue Ao
ww os Ca 9 o- Wee alemints
magutic
ohoMSU dapMoLS
5uuctuons
pu.

uaitiuty (ie yu actiuios nd

aciuides caceas aong
tfam LOnttanude cetLaciw ucaus o1 us 58 u d I .
Juna u buCaAe 00thamude gntuaiGm. A aomnc
weuu poeot wldmg t o 5 acbuucus tea ad o deeA wactuty
4fle ons. Sinni Lay bosic chanact LNO d ass aong
th
quuo du to amttamide ntaie
Some s the uens e F- bLote umeuts as cetowuc

asCas F- F tsOmsuut1@w
Lao)2 u o ) s
3tveng ba weae ba

QL 28lamts m
f- atoce
gLouP TL 8

Laanthamuole
n, P* haA F LAthaaiass t (6t puoa
ceiqmHOtio
Omamo plound Astinides T 14elwmnts
mon Smitt Ae Atatud Raioatiue
dtfatf-f ttuamsuutie Cio3
bu O00 A- 0 , 00o A mcn
weluous UV wsuou
anLIGion wou be ALey 4e abon ? he aueY s RothaialA actiidis

oloit su wnsw as ucw tolA wicw

 Data
Paga
ARFAT
ARFAT
Date
Poge

avout 45/. lounthamaaus 4/. Fa ad

Coutoim
Couoatnon ountthoia
tuuacs S2 t ney O wMO l
bulUsts
boashita te.
maeung 51 Lanttamamm ecuptisw
58 Cesuuw C 1f S4° 62
Seuaiity Roabaoduynniumm Pn
59
u cauoenoteAdduociass , cidlas Gols, 6o Nuodymum Nd S d° 6s2
1
calatA as al wns s n o l e ww
wate Anome t&eim Pm 4f5 Sd" 6
6
Latica n e g y umu thow t
62 Sonnauwn Sw
eui , thuu setb dplabe a a8tua
63 Guopuw Ew
uw usati acaus utthasa
Goai m Go 5 d ' 6a
Taoi m Tb 43 Sa 652
65
Consquancu o otthamial ceutuatigu
66 DyapoAIUm 4fo 5 d 652
hin henucal uactiutty s
G7 ouum 4 5do 62
w adou izL.
68 Esuouw f 2 5d 6
w bai ChasCctiu also decos.
69 Thwo A m Tw
he atdnie
aci and uensatiew patRti a l 10 ttentoium 4 Sdo 6s2
dnd amo tamsitien
wtetiwm 4 5a 6u
gua bacau othamiod centsactisn s
bsconns
Note uyadouim At no64) has ts

ane almout ateue

wwpaiutd a(u e 8e) w ntauu puooic
toate
acons Centsuaskicn
dambhamids a tty ae

ww d ama 3 ues
 Date
ARFAT
Page
ARFAT
and actiuidis4

Rrosong qusinA

&mileuities 0 - btoce
wet oumo dtan umthal q
OBet havut +9 autatu as atosaieu nce tAy
Goth Ou dngnty actopeuuEiu LcbuHANs unti atsuie
ano as paOMMag
5e anchikaut maguetio u hameW bvong9 wtollie bendung

wm do ot d-aoue aA nt

Astmious
antiamides Junis oucos Owailalo uty vaDnt d-sbital
o 4 , 5 , +6
eLbuidu 3 tate as
tRu Sma wwzu.
uno+1 tote aAO
mot Cowmon, hy olAo

hane +2 Qol +4 tote.

s atoi ad 1
sies a amost Lqual ?
Mot the ueMs a D o Lantomide ntsactign.
osiouss oscauws huy siosud

hane tte toansutien

KmuOy Potassium pumamganate )

oupaauon -

u puoaud uom pmamite

J y dhaue i temdencyH Cempaakiuuy ug Mamg a m a ) tuno
tepd
ndlency
V

StRp aMuda + uKO + Oa 2 KMoy + 2120

(Potasiu
wouganate
tthan LamcthaniadLs

Step2- KaMa4
Losdtiy nen uaaoatie. Kmoy

OR

2
K ndy *
2 2KMnOy +
2 KCe
 ARFATS
Date
age ARFAT

Ruoaumes-
aw ocidie d i n m -

Rtacaow witw ecaic acid ( H2Ou)-

Kwo4+ 3HaS0y K2S Ou+ MnsOy 32D
+9120o
5LOJ
812SOy +54C2 Oy KaSOy +2Mumsoy
2 K ou +

toDa E w Mol wnt5 153s

=

31 6
RLOcbion witt. KI w accodiu m o A m -

ww tua meduum -

KMmoy 842SOy + 1o KI - 6K2soy + 9mmmso y + 2 2 0 4+ ST

2KO 2Muoa 3 [o
Riachon witt FeSOu
qwt I58/3 52.6
KnO 8th304 lo Fasoy Ka SOu + 2Mso +SFaa Soa
+80 C basic wedum
his abS acien

t Aunmate Kawous aalt 2Kmno 2KOM 2K2 Mndu 2 O + LOJ

A tu aoem LAarions a uho wmg the ecidisuung dana Rragent
wwicw M uLducaA om uut 158 58
+ uo+2 utate te ott puaut is

idin

w Reaciow uitt H2S

yaidisakiow : sps
2 K o4+8 +2S 2KOH+2Md2 + 2120 3S &hapu: Tatsahedna

KMnoy cnibis diwumb wguwalen

ollunt muamm aceosding to
 ate
AFFAT APFAT
POge

Amamganate um MouJ
bxLctus o
Pouopnties oK&«Oy
Hyasuoisabien sp
Tatnanedual
Suhaou: 4.eousng pauopuby
o
aRatiow itth KI
Ka O + 4aS Oy +6 KI 4K30 + (30) + 220

as am disnackanb guwerdu 3I
4tu d

wate
bR sow w kusO
uutinnation e LOus GFeSOy+ KC O 7 RasOu 33 ) s + ( o u a K a
w votumitoue analais

/ enctiow ALd tostimatiu

K2n O4 (PtDs m dichauowMate) wotmutout myaa

Paapasotiom- Fuo choomite euw w tees

Ka COy S Oy 3 as Ka SOy z(so)3 Ha03S
hnsmte ne So dum uaate
4Sbep I : omneuouw o
d w u t SO2

4 Kebu Oy+16 NabH + 1b2 KauOn * HasOy +3S0q KaSOu +(o(Sau)2 3420

C a w oaealus

Cenuuion 1 soowum Choownate to uodim KaCoa Oy + 2 Ko+1 2K Ou +H20

dacuiO mete Cooag Cylouw)

2 Na C O y + +M2SOy Nag t 2 O7 Na2 &Oy + H20

alwai e NaDH SU KOH

V
to
to
eange colou o Cuchuomata ugw i ohomg

potasiw duohuonate yllow

acid to csoate ion, ts
Na 2D + 2H Smdasty. gu doldung a
 Date
ARFAT
POge APFAT

yuilow colom wl chonge

&iomouculas

yeew YITAMI NS

uew and homoute ow et

Ths t ochud mate watè-o o e a m s itomnin ms c
Fat- oou Mtamins : A,D, 5 a K

Nuth : itamuun

Cr,o COy2-

ikamiv Chmical nanne

oiouctuww KaCoOy tawmun A

Nu blubdunaA, Rutinol

Kuuoptolmia (spacity
Couna
2
2| PaualyuA Tiawnin
sp3 (tutuanmdsat)

&tneww 20y (dicnomate isn) RiboLa

ipus
3 Gg Damatibis -qua _ PoutoRme
aciol

s- Anaenia , ms O na Aclawmw

gotogply
w pupanatiew a m s svut Bi2 Pa cAOUs Omaemioa CyanocobaLuamne
. w ometeui amaluyd
6Vut C Souy_buuduun AsCosoic acud

Sns)
 ARFATT
Date
Page
ARFAT

Ggocolenaal
t. D Ricrits uw
uitbesu ( Deuale )
Aw uow hOAMIMg
3Vit E
Tecept ualA o o poitr omd agoue a g on
Stesity
Zite ow o
8 it K Homassihagi
blod
(ungtaemg
-
Na CH - CDoi
golW N3 - Coo
usttiug )

Buotuw
(ntuno sa)
Demnaiti8, Pasalyii

uateeti
unbe
ew k w uouwasds tR ada a owds
t cotkodu ,
e ut haws as a
n to dipseo
itam wc

PROTEINSAmINO ACIDSS) & ndao ando won- h d n t i a l pootems

ay asue ouopeRymes amuimo Ouds Rat w
asa about 2o amino aciou

wwwiew 10
mD acio cam a
pccucao y uod
wo- AdAntial auo acisds m ttu
yanwa fasuula -
nALTAd

st
de uupptied ww

NH2

X-Caog CAahucotigw Ruoreins

ost &impl amwmo acid us

iouous Aatain y o buan potem

ne) 4 d y asne ma ttouad t Aapi donds asa

2- no etamauc acid)
ir twistol pstyputidu Rola to 9 phiaida

chains ap
- O-

(Sown oag ibu

ote w
 ate ARFAL ARF
POg

oSaCondaY
t povDt

NH C - coo4:, + NHS.- G - o o

cTeiasuy atsuabusu tgues o ia

dimensonol snap t o potm
N- - Hyolsogan
inmltaunmsusly

Ppbou bendb

c uatieanasuu

Ro u ydcoGen bonolung w
As to pota_ pasuE bu poppid hauns Ruousn a subunuts
utwasHa ouu kofolau
uittin the
talet pla 4
ha
Parepad hains t au thY Enzym amo Hamnu

bowaumg wie
hy diogu
V
EWayMs a uwpetant clos s quooulan puotens
wate.
wwew acts as uocatolyst us duody amd as

psDauo te ing calA

wate wotuale
watex wsouole
bcz 6 withn) Mcnomis namabiu acaow

Accoulng t acnauim

4 ha ae tahle to w thLL utepS-

wodeate changi Um
t A anymes Omnd Step : Bndmg wwtt suastate
names
tRpOEtUA ana p. dineuo wasmones u

Kasatin m hais, Ous wsulw

Sep 2:Chaqng sduasutuuate unto fRooduct
en and naia
CEP
Step 3:
Reean9 Aoduct
cOuagw m tendon

Stucwu Roouteim NO
h a cautan dubuahas
Lcadc the dauciency
aPoimasy &tustwe: t9us tie o nYms -

awwo aco 1 Aoumsnm us

casud duueiemy unzymi 1uyasinase
aEnamA StoaptoRinase to diSGne wsod clottiu
 Dato
ARFAT
Pago ARPAT

3 An Ktone yaocy&ase
DCyulbowuc Ocud DNA)
i mymu Ahanyalanune
amam oamague, menta
u t a C a t i o m
RiuwowcAue acid
RNA)

DNA RNA
chemucal md Angu
ynution as
*1O mon V
Sugo wnik s4 RNA s
m thu ndo M 9amd
D-2- Oaocysubese B-D- s u i b e s
nd
wm tRe lood
Amd tranel td asugama
D- ctso) (D dacto
htouom
Chmicay Ky may e teuauds, pey Pup ubidlas
ct quoutt talooUsnm aMd Nutuoq badtA Nibuo bou RNA
Omuno aciss uy oNA a A CT o AG CU
poduchon -adanme A - acun

wsuln , adwlenolun
G-9uomine
C- Cytasunt C-Cytodiue
Ouatuoian paotew T- thyMnL U- wail
tte comexisw qlcoulo pD to qubhsu
A ond Case pun Uaeil
aluo a Pyudme
pOteius whw maybe condutico y
bouls loas

atinL c amo T e Pyouone

aciaA
bass
salts

w suaouatiens
3Jy ae doulole hica 4 y asL douale halical
ao douole tnandud
Ound duinqul utiamdo
Nuclic Aoud

poluymens nucleotides
hy a Ahasupuhate quoup
id ase aluo uhaud to a poyuuLotide
Got DNA and RNA Contoins ohoupuhosus acLd whucn
asuL also i o polymi Ond aga puod ed a wuclu u ponsuale t
V
iking wwcobicdlas to
WwckC acd
Nutue a i d entans monD wRS as
laatides wich
hane tir
chemical censagunts
1&ga mtb

Nubiau contaunm9 ae
3 Ahosphate 9uoup
 ARFAT
Dale
Page ARFAT

dtuncu DNA Casuloohydaate

wono cauohyouate mAOms
4
EC
A 93 hdoon boMos
we COWsuOA

TA
CHO
A= T

2 ycluoqum ond
CO
=
2" alcshol

A=T-

H -0
- OH 1° alcohol
Touans tuatagw
DNA oleule wvto tuo
twaw copyng a
4 dusumg cu duuson.
iduuica copies it
utis ce dusiow cownlmwtasy
qouncto (C O)
GC c A =T, T=A, ne tCund
ONA ha te A GCC TA TA GI ta
- O
hs baae uts cep lenentauy samo
ug u e n c e
ATATC
www le TCG4 (CHOM) 3

Replicabgw
Note Both guucss and uta a nctisna
RNA mollu Rnow ou esuegu RNA ( m - RrNA)
woms and am aieohal quoup a owmow
dwwg9 yunctioab quoup
conplenmetay b a as

E C, C: G. A =
0, T=A
Ouinmbiew u ya psyyouov aLduos

l(g bacw) uich ow yduplyuus wwu

poyyduocyaldumyae es potyyoiuooyetone
 ARFAT
Date
Poge.
Ogte ARFAT
Poge
Classuucation loOAus wduung hamOu
CauooyduatU a
loasus ddouaa
4 ae o typus
thas osus they
aRLduCg augas Canoenyduatks
.
Tolan' e Omo Poauti
he duup&t 4ahng tus uown
aMowouacohasides uy a as uucng ugans.
ww.cw cat
casuoohyduate Fo uu Fuucto d a dsacchoudas p
Oomoosuo
Fos ug9 9uucsv, unctous
k9qou acchasu dss oigo faw) > U
ati to me 9 nuts on a s a c m a u c u
disacchaudus
y o Ribone a d . duimg th autiew Ria
Fe wwootant camypu o
0 quoup ndngo AMIAMgmt
um tucaw taO )
out pebutiue
THEREFORE ToLEN't TESTAN D FEMUNG'S TEST CANNOT
Hi2 O + ta O
C a O ,0
BE USED TO
DISTIN GUISH 6ETW EEN
mcouu) Cfoncto) LCO SE AND FRUCTO36.
C+w)
-w)
bN- g ugans Casuo shyaabes that do ett
,
Bhis aosn aactien s ouo as ww oW V
uuga Sucuose
wyduoyus o d u u o . Jus us ascau te o t a i e n
owwwo changs t o - sntahgn o yoly du
D inguamg ust ow gue ano cboue
o fosmoubisu cboie
tust aud t i a t us beuomuune
watuu tisut whncn quunw ducouoviu t a ud
e Poluuachawdas > Couoonydates wwen qu ooo
cotou ooun wOtAA whw ysuttae doas nsst
wits ow yduouus . tq- Stase and Cuulom
-
ws lodo wean oeLdding
CHO
Co O) Ha0 LGH0,d-qau (CHOM) Bx H20
(HO)u
CH20_
-9uluuo s wonommu taucn
wowomu Allese
duuoe aud)
RAd celeu o bom wat oluussuues)
 Date
ARFAT
Page ARFAT

Reactiom o 9 a s ua unduoce amwue

NH-0
O9cidanow C = N- O1

vcudisng agant CCuOM) NM2- OH (on)u 0

with tuong
C2-OH CH2-H
o e o ocin
CHO Co0
cOw NO3 H2O
CHO4 CHO)
t2-OH1 coo1
CAntaw aldayc 9uoup
(Sacchasue acid
Reohow wutt acic amhyasuou
bwi weae Ocidiun2 agunt

CMO CMO

CCHO) uo- 8 -Cma) 5CMg CDOM

(HOH) CMOM) H20
CH2-OH

H2-0t CM2-O+1
(gmcomc aciod) pmta aey wo)

Rdctigm
Jse 5 ydo 9usp
a it Eong uung agan NOTE

CHO
AAwowmes puacaly actiuw
HI RadP + H20 I2
( O) C&Yuquakion tt caoo (c-)
CHOH CH3
9 c e , B-uo se
C y)
Lycoiduc unkAGA - h weng
b)wtw weae ducng gent *uo woosacchouud
wis
sougw oy9tm ato
CH2-0
ALtu
(Mon)2 (cO)
C2-O4 Cta- 01

sooitol) Rage
 ARFAT
Date
Poge
ARFAT
Muto otation e spontaMeeus
Kutonu
ou api0aM
achu COmo md AsotydA, and Couoocylc audA
pucu Dtatign o
uth tae to a qwulliasu m val
EDES AND KETONES
quutas

cooownds
X-D-9mco om chan oom B-D-9ucos
36/.
Su/. os, - C- (tounasalayo)
52 5° 19 2
Pwna ca o
amy otfu alduyat) Onapound

C) R- R Kato

ww.a, caoryiue aias and ut duivatiuu a

uimp COuloony ConOownd

) c -o iy R ë- ce Cacid cuosid)

ANdahydus

wetiena 9suoup

Se a

-C O
CH2

2nd wLmo
a c a t a l denycla su athanel

CHO

aOanc memauu C5-C -

(Ganzolduhay o)