ARS 505 - HOUSING

INTRODUCTION TO HOUSING 9/26/2022

ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Architecture

INTRODUCTION TO HOUSING

ARS 505 - HOUSING

SYGIEL A. VA-AY
BSA 5-C
September 28, 2022
ARS 505 - HOUSING
INTRODUCTION TO HOUSING 9/28/2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. What is Housing?

II. Characteristics of Housing in the Philippines

III. Housing Problems/Social Issues

IV. What is Informal Housing

V. What are the different Government Agencies/Institutes in the Philippines that cater the delivery process
of housing

VI. References
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INTRODUCTION TO HOUSING 9/28/2022

I. WHAT IS HOUSING?

According to Cambridge Dictionary (2022), housing are buildings that people live in, or the providing places of
people to live. The human-made home that is built according to the owner's preferences for taste and style. (Adetiloye,
Babajide, & Taiwo, 2019). According to Chattopadhyay & Pal (2017), for human development, home quality and shelter
are crucial factors. Investments in shelter and housing help to promote economic growth by expanding and improving the
supply of housing units as well as the living and working surroundings. According to Mariia (2019), benefit that is obtained
as a piece of real estate or a rental property to satisfy the population's need for a permanent or temporary place to live,
as well as a financial asset that enables receiving additional income in the form of rent payments or as the difference
between the purchase price and the sale price.
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INTRODUCTION TO HOUSING 9/28/2022

II. CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSING IN THE PHILIPPINES

In the Philippines, single-detached houses made of lightweight materials make up the majority of housing styles.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA, 2015), 80.7% of the Philippines' population resides or occupies single-
family homes, multi-unit residential buildings, duplexes, and other occupied dwelling units, with single-family homes
having the largest percentage. They claim that 102 households occupy every 100 housing units. The majority of people
use necessities like electricity for lighting, bottled water or water in gallons for drinking, and the Community Water System
for cooking.
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INTRODUCTION TO HOUSING 9/28/2022

III. HOUSING PROBLEMS/SOCIAL ISSUES

Since the majority of informal settlers live in unsafe regions or "danger zones," they confront numerous sanitary
and safety challenges, including the risk of flooding and the consequences of natural disasters because most of these
people live close to waterways. Their lack of access to clean water and inadequate or nonexistent sanitation facilities also
puts their health at risk. The number of houses also raises the likelihood that everyone will be impacted by natural
calamities like fires. They struggle with forced eviction and having their homes razed without a workable relocation plan
in addition to poor living conditions. (Bilkenn Corp., 2020)

For instance, Negros Occidental Representative Francis Benitez stated in a prior interview with ANC's Rundown
that despite the Duterte administration's housing production being the highest ever recorded in the nation, the annual
target to receive housing assistance still falls short by just over 300,000. The more that needs to be done by the following
administration, the longer it would take a government to address deficits. This housing shortage will persist for many
administrations to come, along with a continuous rise in population (Bilkenn Corp., 2020).

According to Mondal (2020), congestion is undoubtedly not the case for all metropolitan households, many of
them must deal with congested conditions. When individuals construct tall structures, often exceeding five stories, to
increase the number of homes, the housing circumstances improve. High population densities can be found in many urban
areas. As a result, the home owners rent out many rooms to immigrants. Poor migrants are forced to live in the densest
crowds. They are unable to use their ancestors' home sites. They therefore rely on the rented housing, which they
frequently split with several others to save money. Due to two additional factors, some of the original population's poorer
households also reside in extremely cramped housing. First, a lot of families grow and divide up into many households,
and the cost of building on the land increases. As a result, they are obliged to either squeeze more people into a given
area or home or divide up their current plots and homes in order to make room for a new family. Second, some households
are prone to renting out a piece of their living space or sheds to tenants in the absence of sufficient revenue from other
sources.
The needs of the poor for secure tenure are not met by the land market. Urban land prices continue to be far out
of reach for households whose earnings are in the bottom 30% of the income distribution. According to the government's
Annual Poverty Indicator Survey from 2004, four out of every ten Filipino families do not own their home and land. The
growth of peri-urban and urban informal settlements across the nation, as well as the rise in the number of families
residing in shared housing, are indicators of such a situation. The poor's already bad quality of life is made worse by this
situation since crowded living conditions increase the likelihood of illness and violence, which primarily affects women
and children (Lagman, 2011).

According to Ordinario (2019), mass housing should be for all, but many Filipinos, such as those belonging to lower-
middle income families, still feel left out of the equation.

The urban housing crisis in the Philippines is characterized by squalid living conditions, inadequate buildings, traffic
congestion, and land use disputes. The evidence indicates that the State's response, particularly its reliance on mortgage
loans at below-market interest rates, may have worsened rather than improved the situation. In order to address the
housing crisis, the government must reconsider its role in housing financing, disentangle housing social assistance from
financial markets, and focus on supply-side economics and urban governance challenges (Monsod, 2011).
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IV. WHAT IS INFORMAL HOUSING

The act of settling in a territory entails that building blocks for a community and housing location To begin with,
life was in towns and villages. “Settler” applicable to all new entrants in urban areas in general agglomerations. This
conveys meanings of settlers who occupy land in the past held by indigenous peoples, who as a result become evicted or
relocated.

Cities continue to want land ownership the authority over already-developed territories. "Settler" also refers to
newly appointed pioneers or to occupy a space protected by governments Unclaimed, frontier, or untapped land
(Roitman, 2018).
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V. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT GOVERNMENT AGENCIES/INSTITUTES IN THE PHILIPPINES THAT CATER THE
DELIVERY PROCESS OF HOUSING

Home Development Mutual Fund (Pag-IBIG Fund) - commonly known as the Pag-IBIG Fund, is a
Government-owned and controlled corporation under the Department of Human Settlements and Urban
Development of the Philippines responsible for the administration of the national savings program and affordable
shelter financing for Filipinos.

Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) - government's regulatory body for housing and land
development. It renders planning assistance and promulgates standards and rules for land use planning, zoning,
and land development.

National Housing Authority (NHA) - tasked to develop and implement a comprehensive and integrated
housing program which shall embrace, among others, housing development and resettlement, sources and
schemes of financing, and delineation of government and private sector participation.

Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC) - The National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation was
created in 1977 by virtue of Presidential Decree 1267, with the mandate of increasing the availability of affordable
housing loans to finance the Filipino homebuyer's on their acquisition of housing units through the development
and operation of a secondary market for home mortgages. Consistent with this mandate NHMFC bought
mortgages originated by private financial institutions and eventually sold them back to the public through the
issuance of mortgage backed financial instruments.

Home Guaranty Corporation - HGC takes the risk out of private investment in housing by providing risk
covers and fiscal incentives to housing credits extended by developers, banks and other financing institutions. The
more HGC guarantees—the more private funds flow for housing and urban development.
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References:

Cambridge University Press. (n.d.). https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/housing

Adetiloye, K.A., Babajide, A.A., Taiwo, J.N. (2019).Powering the Sustainable Developmet Goals for Green Growth in
Nigeria https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/powering-the-sustainable-development-goals-for-green-growth-in-
nigeria/230588

Chattopadhyay, S., & Pal, S. (2017). Availability of Infrastructure Facilities in India: Prospects and Challenges.
https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/availability-of-infrastructure-facilities-in-india/181136

Mariia, E. (2019). Financing at the Housing Market: Analysis of Best Practices in the Selected Countries. https://www.igi-
global.com/chapter/financing-at-the-housing-market/217672

Philippine Statistics Authorities. (2018, March 6). Housing Characteristics in the Philippines (Results of the 2015 Census
of Population). https://psa.gov.ph/content/housing-characteristics-philippines-results-2015-census-population

Bersales, L.G. (2017). 2015 Census of Population. Special Report on Housing Characteristics Philippines.
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2015%20Special%20Report%20on%20Housing%20Characteristics.pdf

Bilkenn Corporation. (2020). Housing Problems in the Philippines You Should Know About
https://bilkenn.com/housing-problems-philippines/

Lagman, J. F., (2011). Anatomy of the Nation’s Housing Problems. https://www.philrights.org/wp-

content/uploads/2011/07/Anatomy-of-the-nations-housing-problems.pdf

Ordinario, C. (2019). The mass housing mess: Why Filipinos continue to struggle with owning a home.
https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/01/31/the-mass-housing-mess-why-filipinos-continue-to-struggle-with-owning-a-
home/

Martinez, M. (2018). Informal Settlers. http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1306984/FULLTEXT01.pdf