Attitudes

mil Choose the best words to complete these sentences. Which picture (A-E) do they relate to?
1 His eyes twisted / narrowed and he frowned I wrinkled deeply, sure signs that he was about to
jump /fly off the handle.
2 As he delivered the tragic / temfic news, his voice groaned I trembled and it was clear that he was
completely devastated / destroyed.
3 She just drives I sails through life without a conscience / care in the world. I've never met anyone so
laid-back / uptight.
4 I can always tell when he's got something on his mind I chest, because he grinds I bites his nails and
stammers / stumbles.
5 She may have her head in the clouds I skies, but we need more dramatists I dreamers to get the rest of
us to brighten / lighten up.

inNow choose the list of adjectives which best describe the people's expressions (A-E).
1 relaxed, calm, contented B
2 angry, furious, confrontational
3 optimistic, upbeat, positive
4 dejected, miserable, tearful
5 anxious, apprehensive, nervous

iilag Use an adjective from 1.2 to complete the sentences.

1 The constant rain meant we had a thoroughly miserable time on holiday.
2 When it was time for us to go, she grew almost and I was sorry to leave.
3 When I told him what I'd done to his car, he was obviously very . He was literally shaking
with rage.
4 I may have looked outwardly but I was actually extremely nervous.
5 Your weekly shopping budget of E20 is hopelessly . You'll end up spending much more
than that.

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 Moods 35
1.4 Write the nouns related to these adjectives.

1 angry anger 5 confrontational 9 optimistic

2 anxious 6 contented 10 patient

3 apprehensive 7 furious 11 positive

4 calm 8 miserable 12 relaxed

la Complete these sentences with verbs related to the

adjectives in 1.4 above.
V Vocabulary note

1 Relax !It'll be okay. Nothing's going to go wrong, I promise. Angry is a gradable adjective. We can
Just try to down. make it stronger or weaker using
adverbs, e.g. very; quite; extraordinarily;
2 The way to deal with bullies like that is simply to them
a bit; rather; mildly.
and say you're not going to put up with it any longer.
Furious is an example of an extreme
3 The arrogance of the minister's remarks the opposition adjective as it includes the idea 'very'.
leader, who angrily demanded an apology. This means we cannot use very with
furious (not tret)-furieres).To make
extreme adjectives stronger we use
1.6 Match an extreme adjective from the box with a gradable
adverbs meaning 100%, e.g. absolutely;
adjective which is similar in meaning.
completely; thoroughly; utterly; totally:
I was totally furious when my brother
astonishing excruciating devastating hideous crashed my car.
petrifying superb ravenous ludicrous Really can be used to make both
gradable and extreme adjectives
1 good superb 5 scary stronger.
There are many exceptions to these
2 hungry 6 silly rules and it is useful to make a note of
3 painful 7 surprising adverb + adjective collocations you see:
faintly ludicrous, thoroughly miserable,
4 sad 8 ugly bitterly disappointing, endlessly fascinating
(See Unit 7, 2.4 for more on gradable
EN COLLOCATION Choose the words which collocate with adjectives.)
the words in bold to complete the sentences.

1 You're such an exaggerator! The injection wasn't absolutely

devastating / excruciating. It was mildly / completely painful at worst.
2 I had a particularly / totally good meal at the sushi place in town. The only problem is I'm still
completely ravenous / hungry.
3 It was utterly ludicrous /funny when the girl fled just because the man was a bit / absolutely ugly.
4 I'm completely / rather petrified of spiders. They're totally hideous / ravenous.
5 What totally devastating / petrifying news. You must both be bitterly / absolutely disappointed.

1.8 The words mood and attitude are used in many expressions. Match the sentences (1-5) with the
expressions (a-e).

1 He's very up and down. a He's got a real attitude problem.

2 I wouldn't go near him just now. b He's not in the mood.

3 He hates anyone with authority. c He's in one of his moods.

4 He's never put off by a challenge. d He has terrible mood swings.

5 He doesn't feel like going clubbing tonight. e He's got a real can-do attitude.
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35 moods

V Vocabulary note

EliThink about your own memory and complete these Remember has a different meaning
sentences. when followed by to-infinitive or the
-ing form of a verb.
1 I have a fantastic memory for He remembered to phone work to say he
was going to be late. (= It is a fact. He
2 I'm terrible at remembering
definitely did phone work.)
3 A memorable event was He remembers phoning work to say he
4 I find it easy to memorise was going to be late. (= It is a memory. He
thinks he phoned work.)
5 I always remember to
(See Unit 10, 2.1 and 2.3 for more on
6 As a child. I remember verb + to-infinitive / -ing patterns.)

Complete the text with words from the box.

ear forgotten merneeies mind photographic recall retain short-term

As far as our (1) ale-mot-Les are concerned, my twin sister and I couldn't be more different. She only
has to see or hear something once to remember it - it's what they call a (2) memory.
And she'll (3) that image or that sound more or less indefinitely. As for me, I've got a
(4) like a sieve. If you say something to me now, I'll have (5) it ten
minutes later. It's a case of in one (6) and out the other. I'm like an old person - I've
got a terrible (7) memory. By contrast, my long-term memory is fantastic. I can still
(8) the names of all the other children in my first class at school - that's over thirty years ago.

IIEM COLLOCATION Read the sentences about memories. Put a (I) if the sentence is about
remembering something. Put a (X) if the sentence is about not remembering / being able to remember.

1 The visit to my old school triggered an early memory of my favourite teacher, Mr Bell.

2 Psychiatrists used to believe patients' problems were caused by repressing traumatic childhood memories.
3 A service was held to honour the memory of the war dead
4 He refused to move on with his life, reliving the bitter memories of the courthouse time and time spin
5 My grandma loves that record. She says it brings back treasured memories of her youth.
6 It's all so vague! I need something to jog my memory.

En Answer these questions using the words in italics from 2.3.

1 Which two adjectives are used to describe a very unpleasant memory'
2 Which two words describe memories from when you were young'
3 Which three expressions mean 'remind someone of somethings'

4 Which word could you use to describe a memory which is not clear?

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 Exam practice
Reading and Use of English Part 1
For questions 1 -8, read the text below and decide
which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Moods 35
Exam tip
Study the spaces one by one, paying careful
attention to the words before and after the
gap. The four options you have to choose from
will be similar in meaning but only one will fit
correctly in the gap. The correct answer may
also be the only word to fit grammatically.

Learning new words in a foreign language

Remembering words successfully is a chancy business, but over the last forty years psychologists have
found three methods which consistently improve this important language learning (0) B These are:

creating a visual (1) for the word you want to remember; forming word associations; and recalling
the word by (2) of a story. (3) into attempts to remember lists of words has shown that these

methods (4) in memory improvements of ten percent over simply reading words once.

Now, new studies have shown solid (5) for a fourth method which can be added to the other three;
it's surprisingly simple. It only (6) saying the word you want to remember to yourself. It doesn't even
seem to matter if you don't say the word aloud - it only has to be mouthed. Across eight experiments in
which (7) were asked to read and remember lists of words, researchers found memory improvements

sometimes in (8) of ten percent.

0 A capability B skill C capacity D competence

1 A impression B photo C copy D image

2 A means B ways C methods D processes

3 A Enquiries B Studies C Research D Questions

4 A result B lead C cause D produce

5 A indication B support C data D evidence

6 A includes B needs C involves D implies

7 A participants B applicants C contestants D contributors

8 A surplus B excess C addition D extra

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