Alternative moment resistance, Mn calculation for rectangular beams with tension steel only

This is a simple method that can be used to select initial design parameters, b, d, and As etc.

· · 0.85
2

or

⟹
0.85 0.85 0.85

Define

Then
0.85

Substituting a into Mn equation:

0.85
0.85 2 0.85

1 0.59 , → 1 0.59

Define coefficient of resistance,

1 0.59
Then, Mn may be written as
in. kips
ft kips
12
can be obtained from Tables A-7 through A-11 below (from Aghayere and Limbrunner)..

*** NOTE: This is for rectangular beams with tension reinforcement only ***

Procedure for design of one-way slabs for moment

Material properties, fy and fc‘ are given. Thickness (h) and steel area (As) need to be determined.
A) Calculate the minimum thickness, h from ACI Code, Table 9-5a.
B) Calculate slab weight and compute wu (wu=1.2DL+1.6LL)
C) Calculate design moment, Mu (per foot of width) LL
D) Calculate effective depth, d (e.g., d = h-1.12 for No.6 bars with ¾ in. cover; (6/8)/2+3/4=1.12)
E) Calculate /
F) Obtain ρ from Tables A-7 through A-11; → Check & assumption; If < 0.005, increase h.
G) Calculate As
H) Check As , , , , 3
18 in.
Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate
 0.003

⟹ ⟹
0.85 0.85 0.85

0.85
0.003 0.003
0.85

0.00255
0.003

Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate

Moment and Shear Diagrams, and Deflections

Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate

Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate
57,000

Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate

Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate
Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate
Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate
Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate
Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate
Example 1: Beam design
Design the beam shown on the right.
fy = 60 ksi, = 3 ksi, l =28 ft, wL = 1.2 kips/ft

Minimum thickness: h ≥ l/16 = 21 in. → select h = 24 in. (pick even numbers 22 in., 24 in. etc.)

d = 21.5 in. (=24 in. - 1.5 in. clear cover - 0.5 in. stirrup diameter - 0.5 in. bar radius)

b = 12 in. → commonly: 1 < d/b < 3

desirable: 1.5 ≤ d/b ≤ 2.2
lb 12 in. 24 in. lb
150 300
ft 12 12 ft
kips
1.2 1.6 1.2 0.3 1.6 1.2 2.28
ft
2.28 28
223.4 ft kips
8 8

Pick steel ratio, :

From Table A-5, recommended design value for = 0.009 → = 0.4828 ksi

Not needed, but limits for : 0.0033 Table 5

fy
3
0.364 · 0.364 0.85 0.0155
fy 60
( 0.004 → 0.9)
3
, 0.319 · 0.319 0.85 0.0136
fy 60
( 0.005 → 0.9)

12 223.4 12
ft kips ⟹ 13.35 in.
12 0.9 0.9 21.5 0.4828

Try 14 in. → 1.54, OK

12
Required ⟹ 0.46 ⟶ 0.0085 from Table 8
0.9 14 in.

Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate

 → 2.56 in.

, 0.0033 → , 0.99 in. , OK

Select 3 No.9 bars → 3.0 in. → Check Table A-3 min b = 9.5 in., OK

3 in. 1.13 in.

Actual d = 24 in. 1.5 in. 21.4 in. 21.4 in.
8 2

3.0 in.
Provided 0.01
14 in. 21.4 in

From Table 8 → 0.5294 ksi

or, 0.2, 1 0.59 → 0.53 ksi

14 in. 24 in. kips

150 pcf 0.35
144 ft
kips
1.2 0.35 1.6 1.2 2.34
ft
2.34 28
229.3 ft kips
8

0.9 14 in. 21.4 in. 0.53

254.8 ft kips
12 12
,

#3 stirrup

24 in.
1.5 in. clear cover
3#9 bars (typical)

14 in.

Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate

 Example 2: One-way slab design
live load 100 psf
Design the beam shown on the right.
fy = 60 ksi, fc‘ = 4 ksi

A) Minimum thickness:
h ≥ l/20 = 120 in./20 = 6 in. 10 ft

B) Loads: wLL = 100 psf, wDL = (6 in./12) × 150 pcf = 75 psf

wu = 1.2wDL +1.6wLL = 1.2 (75) + 1.6 (100) = 250 psf

C) Design moment (per foot of width)

250 1ft 10 ft 12 in
3125 lb ft 37.5 in k
8 8 1000 lb
10 ft
37.5
Required 41.7 in kips
0.9
D) Effective depth, d
d ≈ 6 in. 1.12 in. = 4.88 in.
E) Coefficient of resistance
Mu/ bd2 = Mn/bd2
= 41.7/(12 in. × 4.88 in.2) = 0.1458 ksi
F) ρ from Table A-10
#3@9 in. or #4@18 in. or
ρ = 0.0025 → = 0.90 #4@16 in. #3@10 in.
G) As = 0.0025(12 in.)(4.88 in.) = 0.146 in.2

H) Check As As ≥ 0.0018bh = 0.13 in.2 No. of bars (in.2) s (in.)

As ≥ AsT #3 0.11 9.04
12 in.
#4 0.2 16.44
#5 0.31 25.48
#6 0.44 36.17

s 12
3 3 6 in. 18 in. ⟹ 12 82.2
18 in. 12 in. 0.146

Temperature and shrinkage steel: No. of bars (in.2) s (in.)

smax = 5h ≥ 18 in. #3 0.11 10

0.0018 ⟹ #4 0.2 18.5

0.0108
Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate #5 0.31 28.7
Example 3: One-way slab design
Design a simply supported one-way reinforced concrete floor slab to span 8 ft and carry a
service live load of 400 psf. Use fc′ = 4000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi. Sketch your design.

Minimum thickness for the one-way slab, per ACI 318:

hmin = l/20 = [8(12)]/20 = 4.8 in. Use 5 in.

5 12 1.2 62.5 1.6 400 kip

Slab weight 0.150 62.5 psf, 0.715
144 1000 ft
0.715 8
5.72 ft kips
8

Estimated d = 5 0.75” 0.75”/2 = 3.88 in. (assuming #6 bars)

5.72 12
Required 0.4222 ksi 0.0075 0.005 0.90
0.90 12 3.88

Required As = 0.0075(3.88)(12) = 0.35 in.2/ft

As,min = 0.0018(5)(12) = 0.11 in.2/ft (OK)

Main steel: select #5@10 in. over center

(As = 0.37 in.2/ft, smax = 3h = 15 in. ≤ 18 in. OK)

Calculate d = 5 0.75 0.625/2 = 3.94 in. > 3.88 in. (OK)

(As,min = required shrinkage and temperature steel)

As = 0.0018bh = 0.0018(12)(5) = 0.108 in.2/ft
Shrinkage and temperature steel: select #3@12 in. o/c
(As = 0.11 in.2/ft, smax = 5h = 25 in. ≥ 18 in. OK)

#3@12 in.
5 in.

3/4 in. cover

#5@10 in.

Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate

Example 4: One-way slab design
Design a simply supported one-way reinforced concrete floor slab to span 10 ft and carry a service
live load of 200 psf and a service dead load of 30 psf. Use fc′ = 5000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi.
a. Design the slab for the ACI Code minimum thickness.
b. Design the thinnest possible slab allowed by the ACI Code.

a. Design for hmin

ACI 318: hmin = l/20 = [10(12)]/20 = 6 in. Use h=6 in.

6 12 1.2 30 75 1.6 200 kip

Slab weight 0.150 75 psf, 1 ft 0.446
144 1000 ft

0.446 10
(per 1 ft wide slab section) 5.575 ft kips
8
Estimated d = 6 0.75 0.75/2 = 4.88 in. (Assume #6 bars)

5.575 12
Required 0.2601 ksi, 0.0045, 0.005, 0.90
0.90 12 4.88
Required As = 0.0045(4.88)(12) = 0.26 in.2/ft
As,min = 0.0018(6)(12) = 0.13 in.2/ft (O.K.)

Main steel: select #5@14 in. over center

(As = 0.27 in.2/ft, smax = 3h = 18 in. ≤ 18 in. OK)

Calculate d = 6 0.75 0.625/2 = 4.94 in. > 4.88 in. (OK)

(As,min = required shrinkage and temperature steel)

As = 0.0018bh = 0.0018(12)(6) = 0.13 in.2/ft
Shrinkage and temperature steel: select #3@10 in. over center
(As = 0.13 in.2/ft, smax = 5h = 30 in. ≥ 18 in. OK)

#3@10 in.
6 in.

3/4 in. cover

#5@14 in.

Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate

b. Design thinnest slab based on moment strength (max. ρ with εt ≥ 0.005)
Estimated slab weight: assume h = 5 in. and slab weight = 62.5 psf

1.2 62.5 30 1.6 200 kip

0.431
1000 ft

0.431 10
5.39 ft kips
8
Use ρ = 0.02125 1.0838 , 0.005, 0.90

5.39 12
Required 2.35 in.
0.90 12 1.0838
Estimated h = 2.35 + 0.75/2 + 0.75 = 3.475 in. (Use 4 in., neglect decrease in dead load)
Estimated d = 4.00 0.75/2 0.75 = 2.88 in.

5.39 12
Required 0.7220 ksi, 0.0133, 0.005, 0.90
0.90 12 2.88
Required As = 0.0133(2.88)(12) = 0.46 in.2/ft
As,min = 0.0018(4)(12) = 0.09 in.2/ft (OK)

Main steel: select #5@8 in. over center

(As = 0.46 in.2/ft, smax = 3h = 12 in. ≤ 18 in. OK)

Calculate d = 4 0.75 0.625/2 = 2.94 in. > 2.88 in. (OK)

(As,min = required shrinkage and temperature steel)

As = 0.0018bh = 0.0018(12)(4) = 0.086 in.2/ft
Shrinkage and temperature steel: select #3@14 in. over center
(As = 0.09 in.2/ft, smax = 5h = 20 in. ≥ 18 in. OK)

#3@14 in.
4 in.

3/4 in. cover

#5@8 in.
Kai Li, EIT, LEED GA, Ph.D. Candidate