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Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 4
Geometric Terms, Means and Series

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Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Geometric Terms, Means and Series

First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ruby Ann H. Licot MAEM/MAT-Math

Joan C. Reyes MAED

Editors: Marcela R. Bautista Dev.EdD

Ramil A. Escaso EdD
Filipina A. Trazo
Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Faustino N. Toradio PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Felix C. Galacio Jr. PhD

EPS, Mathematics

Josephine D. Eronico PhD

EPS, LRMDS

Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division of Bohol

Department of Education – Region VII, Central Visayas

Office Address: 0050 Lino Chatto Drive Barangay Cogon, Tagbilaran City,
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 Learning Competencies:
Determines geometric means, nth term of a geometric sequence and sum of the terms of a
given finite or infinite geometric sequence. “ No Code”
Solves problems involving sequences. (M10AL-If-2)

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

 determine the nth term of a geometric sequence.
 find the geometric means of a geometric sequence.
 calculate the sum of a finite and infinite geometric sequence.
 Solve problems involving sequences.

Lesson 1: The nth Term of Geometric Sequence

What is it

The nth term of a geometric sequence is an = a1r n-1

Example 1: Find the tenth term of the geometric sequence 1, -4, 16, -64, …
Solution: a1 = 1; r = -4; n = 10
an = a1 r n-1
a10 = 1(-4)10-1 Substitute with the given information
a10 = 1(-4)9 Simplify the exponent
a10 = 1(-262, 144) Simplify (-4¿(-4¿(-4¿(-4¿(-4¿(-4¿ ¿-4¿ ¿-4¿(-4)
a10 = -262, 144 Simplify
Therefore the 10th term is -262, 144.

Example 2: A certain substance decomposes and loses 20% of its weight each hour. If the original
quantity of the substance is 500 grams, how much remains after 8 hours?

Solution: In this geometric sequence, a1 = 500 and r = 0.80 (100% - 20% = 80% or 0.80). We are asked
to find the amount remaining after 8 hours. Thus, we must find the amount remaining at the beginning of
the 9th hour.
a1 = 500, r = 0.80, n=9
an = a1r n-1
a9 = (500)(0.80)9-1 Substitute with the given information
a9 = (500)(0.80) 8

a9 = 83.88 grams Simplify using PEMDAS rule

What’s More

Answer the following:

1) Find the 7th term of the geometric sequence with a1 = 3 and r = 5
2) A machine costing P1,000,000 depreciates in value 20 percent each year. How much will it
be worth at the end of 4 years?

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 Lesson 2: Geometric Means

What is it
A) Geometric means are the terms between any two nonconsecutive terms in a geometric
sequence. If the numbers a1, a2, a3…., an form a geometric sequence, the a2, a3…., an-1 are called
geometric means between a1 and an. Thus, the formula to be used is
an = a1 r n-1
B) Let m be the geometric mean between two numbers a and b, so that a, m and b form a
geometric sequence, so that
m b
= or m2 = ab or m = ∓ √ ab
a m
Example 1: Insert three geometric means between 5 and 3125.
Solution: Let a1 = 5 and a5 = 3125. We will insert a2, a3, and a4.
a5 = a1r n-1
3125 = 5r 5-1 Substitute
3125 = 5r4 Simplify the exponent
625 = r 4 Divide by 5 on both sides
54 = r 4 Rewrite the base 625 into a power of 4 (625= 5∙5∙5∙5 = 54)
r = ±5 Therefore the ratio is ∓5 since both satisfy the equation.
If r = 5, the geometric means are: a2 = 5(5) = 25, a3 = 5(25) = 125, a4 = 5(125) = 625
Thus, the sequence is 5, 25, 125, 625, 3125.
If r = -5 then the geometric means are: a2= -5(5) = -25, a3 = -5(-25) =125, a4 = -5(125) = -625
Thus, the sequence is 5, -25, 125, -625, 3125.
Example 2: Find the geometric mean between 4 and 36.
Solution: a = 4, b = 36
m = √ ( 4)(36) Substitute
m = √ 144 Simplify
m = 12 Extract the root
Therefore, the geometric mean between 4 and 36 is ±12.
Note: The geometric mean between two numbers a and b is
√ ab if a and b are positive
-√ ab if a and b are negative.

What’s More
Answer the following.
1) Insert three geometric means between 16 and 1296.
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2) Find the geometric mean between 10 and .
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Lesson 3: Sum of a Finite and Infinite Geometric Sequence.

What is it
Finite sequence if it has a first term and a last term.
The formula for the sum of the first n-terms in a geometric sequence is
n
a1−a1 r
Sn = 1−r

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 Where: Sn = sum
a1 = the first term
r = the common ratio, r .
Example 1: Find the sum of the first 5 terms of 3, 6, 12, 24, …
Solution: n=5; a1 = 3; r=2
n
a1−a1 r
Sn = 1−r
3−3( 2)⁵
S5 = Substitute with the given information
1−2
3−3( 32)
S5 = Simplify using PEMDAS rule
−1
S5 = 93 Therefore the sum of the first 5 terms of 3, 6, 12, 24, … is 93.

Example 2: Find the sum of the sequence -5, -10, -20, -40, … until a6?
Solution: n=6 a1 = -5; r = -2
n
a1−a1 r
Sn = 1−r
−5− {(−5)(−2)⁶ }
S5 = Substitute
1−2
−5− {(−5)(64)}
S5 = Simplify using PEMDAS rule
−1
S5 = -315 Therefore the sum is -315
The sum S of the terms of an infinite geometric sequence is
a1
S∞ = 1−r
where a1 = the first term
r = the common ratio, and / r / < 1.
Example 1: Find the sum of 64+ 32+16+ …
Solution: a1 = 64; r=½
a1
S∞ = 1−r
64
S∞= 1 Substitute with the given information
1−
2
64
S∞ = 1 Simplify
2
S∞ = 128 Therefore the sum is 128.
5 5 5
Example 2: Find the sum of + + ,…
10 100 1000
5 1
Solution: a1 = r=
10 10
a1
S∞= 1−r
5
10
S∞ = Substitute
1
1−
10

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 5
10
S ∞= Simplify
9
10
5 5
S ∞= Therefore the sum is .
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What’s More
Solve the following.
1) The sum of the first 5 terms of the geometric sequence 4, 12, 36, 108, …
2) The sum of the infinite geometric sequence 64, 16, 4, 1, …

Assessment

Directions: Read and understand the problems carefully. Write your answer on the answer sheet
provided for you. STRICTLY NO ERASURE.

1. Which of the following describes a finite geometric sequence.

A. It has infinite number of terms C. The sum of terms does not exist sometimes
B. It has n terms D. It has set of even integers
2. Find the geometric mean of 3 and 48.
A. 6 B. 12 C. 24 D. 26
1 1 1 1
3. Find the sum of the infinite geometric sequence , , , ,…
3 9 27 81
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A. -1 B. C. 1 D. 2
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4. Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the geometric sequence 3, -6, 12, -24, …
A. -3609 B. -1024 C. -1023 D. 3609
5. Find the 7 term of the geometric sequence 1, 3, 9, …
th

A. 729 B. 2187 C. 1093 D. 3280

6. The sum of the first 11 terms of the progression 2, -2, 2, -2 ….is
A. -2 B. 0 C. 2 D. 22
7. If the series has an infinite number of terms, then it is _________.
A. an infinite sequence C. a finite series
B. a series D. a function
8. The geometric mean of two numbers is equal to the ______________.
A. square root of the product of the two numbers
B. difference of the two numbers
C. product of the two numbers
D. quotient of the two numbers
9. If each bacterium divides into 4 bacteria every hour, how many bacteria will be present at the
end of 5 hours if there are 4 bacteria at the start?
A. 64 B. 256 C. 1024 D. 4096
1 4
10. Find the geometric mean between and .
12 27
25 7 1
A. B. C.
216 216 81
1
D.
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 Summative Test (Modules 3 & 4)

Directions: Read and understand the problems carefully. Write your answer on the answer
sheet provided for you. STRICTLY NO ERASURE.

1. Which of the following is a geometric sequence?

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A. 9, 3, 1, B. 8, 3, -2, -7 C. 3, 6, 9, 12 D. 7√ 2, 5√ 2, 3√ 2, √ 2
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2. What is the missing terms of a geometric sequence 5, ___, 20, 40, ___
A. 10, 50 B. 10, 60 C. 10, 70 D. 10, 80
3. Find the ratio of a geometric sequence with a1 = 5 and a4 = 320.
A. 3 B. -3 C. 4 D. -4
4. what is the next term in the geometric sequence 4, -12, 36?
A. -42 B. -54 C. -72 D. -108
5. The following are steps in finding the ratio of a geometric sequence -1, 3, -9, 27, EXCEPT one.
3 27 3 −9
A. B. C. D.
−1 −9 −9 3
6. Identify the sequence which is geometric.
A. 1, 1, -1, 1 B. 3,- 6, 9, -12 C. 2, 4, 6, 8 D. -2, 4, -6, 12
7. If three geometric means are inserted between 1 and 256, find the third geometric mean.
A. 4 B. 16 C. 32 D. 64
8. Which of these is a ratio of 8, -8, 8, -8?
1 1
A. - B. C. 1 D. -1
2 2
9. Find the geometric mean of 3 and 12.
A. 6 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
−1 1 −1
10. Find the sum of the infinite geometric sequence , , ,…
6 12 24
−1 1
A. B. C. 1 D. 2
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11. Find the sum of the first 6 terms of the geometric sequence 8, -16, 32, -64,…
A. 40 B. 120 C. 168 D. 680
12. Find the 8th term of the geometric sequence whose first term is 4 and the common ratio is -3.
A. -26244 B. -8748 C. 8748 D. 26244
13. The sum of the first 10 terms of the progression 2, -2, 2, -2 ….is

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 A. -2 B. 0 C. 2 D. 22
14. Find k so that the numbers 2k+1, 3k+4, and 7k+6 form a geometric sequence.
A. 2; -1 B. -2; 1 C. 2;1 D. -2;-1
15. If each bacterium divides into 4 bacteria every hour, how many bacteria will be present at the end of
4 hours if there are 4 bacteria at the start?
A. 64 B. 256 C. 1024 D. 4096

Performance Task (Modules 3 & 4)

Solve the following problems.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that about 16 million adolescent girls between
15 and 19 years of age give birth each year. Knowing the adverse effects of adolescent childbearing on
the health of the mothers as well as their infants, a group of students from Magiting High School
volunteered to help the government in its campaign for the prevention of early pregnancy by giving
lectures to 7 barangays about the WHO Guidelines on teenage pregnancy. The group started in Barangay
1 and 4 girls attended the lecture. Girls from other barangays heard about it, so 8 girls attended from
Barangay 2, 16 from Barangay 3, and so on.

a. Complete the table below representing the number of adolescent girls who attended the lecture from
Barangay 1 to Barangay 7 assuming that the number of attendees doubles at each barangay.
Barangay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No. of girls who attended
b. Analyze the data in the table and create a formula.
c. Determine the total number of girls who will benefit from the lecture.

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 Answer Sheet

MATHEMATICS 10

Name: ___________________________________________ Score: ______________

Grade & Section: ___________________________________

Quarter 1 – Module 4
Lesson 1
What’s More
A.

B.

Lesson 2
What’s More
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
B.

Lesson 3

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What’s More
1.

2.

Assessment Summative Test

1. 6. 1. 6. 11.
2. 7. 2. 7. 12.
3. 8. 3. 8. 13.
4. 9. 4. 9. 14.
5. 10. 5. 10. 15.

References
Merle S. Alferez, et. al 2007 MSA Intermediate Algebra. Quezon City: MSA Publishing House
Melvin M. Callanta, et. al 2015. Mathematics Grade 10 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: REX
Book Store, INC.
Melvin M. Callanta, et. al 2015. Mathematics Grade 10 teacher’s Guide. Pasig City: REX
Book Store, INC.
Von Torio, et. al 2017. K-12 Curriculum-Based Smart in Math 10. Quezon City: ISA-JECHO
PUBLISHING, INC.

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