TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

COMPUTER APPLICATION
TOPIC 1
The Internet, the web and Electronic Commerce.

Submitted By;
Asma, Jheawon P.
De Guzman, Bernadette A.
Llepun, Kate Cassandra A.
Meneses, Christian Dan J.
Mina, Ma lois Niña Andrea M.

Submitted To;
Prof. Jonathan C. Domingo

Course, Yr & Section

BSHRM-3D

Date of Submission;
October 1, 2022
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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

Objective:
1. Identify the origin of internet and the Web.
2. To define the Internet Communication
3. To know the Search tools and Search Engines
4. To determine the electronic commerce
5. To know the Web Utilities.

THE ORIGINS OF THE INTERNET

 The origins of the internet are rooted in the USA of the 1950s. The
Cold War was at its height and huge tensions existed between
North America and the Soviet Union. Both superpowers were in
possession of deadly nuclear weapons, and people lived in fear of
long-range surprise attacks.
Who Invented the Internet?
 No one person invented the internet. When networking technology
was first developed, a number of scientists and engineers brought
their research together to create the ARPANET. Later, other
inventors’ creations paved the way for the web as we know it
today.
THE FIRST USE OF A COMPUTER NETWORK
In 1965, Lawrence Roberts made two separate computers in different
places ‘talk’ to each other for the first time. This experimental link used
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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

a telephone line with an acoustically coupled modem, and transferred

digital data using packets.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF THE ARPANET
President Dwight D. Eisenhower formed the Advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA) in 1958, bringing together some of the best
scientific minds in the country.
WHAT IS PACKET SWITCHING?
 ‘Packet switching’ is a method of splitting and sending data. A
computer file is effectively broken up into thousands of small
segments called ‘packets’ each typically around 1500 bytes
distributed across a network, and then reordered back into a single
file at their destination.
WHAT IS TCP/IP?
 TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol. The term is used to describe a set of protocols that
govern how data moves through a network.
WHAT IS DNS?
 DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is the internet’s
equivalent of a phone book, and converts hard-to-remember IP
addresses into simple names
Who Invented the World Wide Web?
 In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee, a computer science fellow at the
European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) first developed an
outline for a system that could easily carry out the information
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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

sharing process between different research institutions such as

MIT, CERN, Stanford, etc. by connecting their individual systems
together.
Why were the Internet and the World Wide Web invented?
 In 1968, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
came in agreement with BBN, a research and development
company to develop the ARPANET. Its initial purpose was to link
computers at Pentagon-funded research institutions over telephone
lines.
Difference between WWW and the Internet?
 The key difference between the internet and the world wide web is
that the former is the hardware part that incorporates servers,
computers, devices, and other physical components of a wired or
wireless internet connection whereas, the latter is a software-based
virtual system, used to access the internet.

What is Internet Communication?

 Internet-based communication refers to sharing information over
the internet. From instant messaging to placing calls, the internet
offers multiple ways to communicate. These tools help you save a
considerable amount. Some of them like email, social networking,
and instant messaging are available free of cost, whereas some like
internet telephony provide you with numerous advantages at cost-
effective prices.
What are the different ways of communication over the Internet?
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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

1. Instant Messaging
 Instant Messaging (IM) is one of the most popular means. With
services as such, you can have a private conversation with another
individual as well as create a chat room where you can
communicate in real-time with more than two people.
2. VoIP and Internet Phone System
 Internet telephony uses the internet as a transmission medium for
telephone calls. For users and businesses that need to make calls
anywhere in the world can benefit immensely from an internet
phone system.
3. Email
 Most of the mainframes, microcomputers, and computer networks
come with an email system. Many email systems are confined to a
single network or computer, whereas some boast gateways to other
computer systems. Hence, you can send email anywhere in the
world.
4. Internet Relay Chat
 It is a multi-user chat system that facilitates you to join channels or
groups to communicate privately or in groups. IRC works on a
client-server model. That means you require an IRC client and an
active internet connection to join any IRC discussion.
5. Videoconferencing
 It is a platform or medium where two or more participants connect
using their respective computer networks. It requires the

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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

participant to have a microphone, video camera, and speakers

connected to his system.
6. Wireless Communications and SMS
 Short Message Service (SMS) helps you send alphanumeric
information wirelessly. But, it restricts you from sending images or
graphics. However, as the wireless service evolved, we got
introduced to Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS). This enables
you to send text, numbers, images, graphics, and audio to MMS-
capable handsets.

What is the Search tool?

 Search allows you to search content created by tools within a
worksite or course. It achieves this by creating an index of all
content that other tools make available to the search tool. This
index is updated automatically, so as content is added to the
worksite or course, it will be indexed.
 Search indexes many different types of content, including
messages, web pages in HTML format, documents in DOC, PDF,
or RTF format, spreadsheets in XLS format, and Wiki pages.
To access this tool, select Search from the Tool Menu of your site.

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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

There are two main ways of finding web sites:

 Search Engines
 Links from trusted web sites

 We will spend the most time with search engines, but following
links from trusted websites is also useful, so don't forget about
that!
You are probably most familiar with looking for sites using a search
engine -- you enter your terms and the search engine returns a list of web
pages that had your terms somewhere in them.
Pros
 Quick and straightforward.
 You get a lot of results.
 Excellent for finding popular materials and services.

Cons

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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

 There is a lot of junk, including misleading and malicious material.

 Since there is little or no human involvement, the search is only as
successful as you make it; you will need good searching and
evaluation skills to find good sites.
 The page you really want might be buried in a list of thousands of
results.

Examples
 Google

Considered the first stop by many Web searchers. Has a large

index and results are known for their high relevancy. Includes
ability to search for images, and products, among other features.
 Bing

General web search engine from Microsoft.

 Google Scholar

One of Google's specialized search tools, Google Scholar focuses

primarily on information from scholarly and peer-reviewed
sources. By using the Scholar Preferences page, you can link back
to URI's subscriptions for access to many otherwise fee-based
articles.
 DuckDuckGo

A general search engine with a focus on user privacy.

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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

When you find a good and useful site, it is almost always worth looking
to see if the site has a collection of links to similar sites. Like using the
bibliography at the end of a paper or book to find related sources, this is
an excellent way to save yourself time and effort.
Pros
 You generally know what you are getting; a good site is going to
point you toward good sites.
 They are very often extremely focused; a site on underwater
archaeology is most likely to link to other sites on underwater
archaeology.
 Someone has selected them for you, removing a lot of junk and
malicious sites.
 Since they are so focused, there are usually a limited number of
options, saving you time working through multiple layers (like in a
directory).

Cons
 You need to find the linking page in the first place; this usually
requires using a search engine.
 You may find out of date material and broken links, depending on
how often the page creator updates the site.

Using a search engine is easy: You open up a web page, type a few
words into the search bar, and voilà—millions of results appear, in a
fraction of a second. A Google search for “search engine,” for example,

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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

yields 1.43 billion results in 0.69 seconds. But how, exactly? Here’s how
the wild, wild web became fully indexed, searchable, and ranked—in
less than a decade.

What is a search engine?

 A search engine is software designed to retrieve specific
information. The type of search engine most of us are familiar with
is the internet search engine, which is a web service that finds
information on the internet (sometimes called the “world wide
web”) based on a user’s query, which is typically a set of words.

 Today, many people think search engines are synonymous with

internet browsers—thanks in part to the Google Chrome browser
building search engine functionality into the web address bar. But
search engines are web services specifically built to retrieve
information. They can be accessed easily from a browser, but
they’re different technologies.

4 types of search engines

Mainstream search engines like Google might be top of mind when we

think about search engines, but there are other types of search engines
that allow us to navigate the internet.

1. Mainstream search engines. Mainstream search engines like

Google, Bing, and Yahoo! are all free to use and supported
by online advertising. They all use variations of the same strategy

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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

(crawling, indexing, and ranking) to let you search the entirety of

the internet.
2. Private search engines. Private search engines have risen in
popularity recently due to privacy concerns raised by the data
collection practices of mainstream search engines. These include
anonymous, ad-supported search engines like DuckDuckGo and
private, ad-free search engines like Neeva.
3. Vertical search engines. Vertical search, or specialized search, is
a way of narrowing your search to one topic category, rather than
the entirety of the web. Examples of vertical search engines
include:
1. The search bar on shopping sites like eBay and Amazon
2. Google Scholar, which indexes scholarly literature across
publications
3. Searchable social media sites and apps like Pinterest
4. Computational search engines. WolframAlpha is an example of a
computational search engine, devoted to answering questions
related to math and science.

What Is Electronic Commerce (Ecommerce)?

 Electronic commerce (ecommerce) refers to companies and
individuals that buy and sell goods and services over the Internet.
Ecommerce operates in different types of market segments and can
be conducted over computers, tablets, smartphones, and other
smart devices. Nearly every imaginable product and service is
available through ecommerce transactions, including books, music,
plane tickets, and financial services such as stock investing and

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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

online banking. As such, it is considered a very disruptive

technology.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Ecommerce
Ecommerce offers consumers the following advantages:
 Convenience: Ecommerce can occur 24 hours a day, seven days a
week. Although ecommerce may take a lot of work, it is still
possible to generate sales as you sleep or earn revenue while you
are away from your store.
 Increased selection: Many stores offer a wider array of products
online than they carry in their brick-and-mortar counterparts. And
many stores that solely exist online may offer consumers exclusive
inventory that is unavailable elsewhere.
 Potentially lower start-up cost: Ecommerce companies may require
a warehouse or manufacturing site, but they usually don't need a
physical storefront. The cost to operate digitally is often less
expensive than needing to pay rent, insurance, building
maintenance, and property taxes.
 International sales: As long as an ecommerce store can ship to the
customer, an ecommerce company can sell to anyone in the world
and isn't limited by physical geography.
 Easier to retarget customers: as customers browse a digital
storefront, it is easier to entice their attention towards placed
advertisements, directed marketing campaigns, or pop-ups
specifically aimed at a purpose.
But there are certain drawbacks that come with ecommerce sites, too.
The disadvantages include:
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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

 Limited customer service: If you shop online for a computer, you

cannot simply ask an employee to demonstrate a particular model's
features in person. And although some websites let you chat online
with a staff member, this is not a typical practice.
 Lack of instant gratification: When you buy an item online, you
must wait for it to be shipped to your home or office. However, e-
tailers like Amazon make the waiting game a little bit less painful
by offering same-day delivery as a premium option for select
products.
 Inability to touch products: Online images do not necessarily
convey the whole story about an item, and so ecommerce
purchases can be unsatisfying when the products received do not
match consumer expectations. Case in point: an item of clothing
may be made from shoddier fabric than its online image indicates.
 Reliance on technology: If your website crashes, garners an
overwhelming amount of traffic, or must be temporarily taken
down for any reason, your business is effectively closed until the
ecommerce storefront is back.
 Higher competition: Although the low barrier to entry regarding
low cost is an advantage, this means other competitors can easily
enter the market. Ecommerce companies must have mindful
marketing strategies and remain diligent on SEO optimization to
ensure they maintain a digital presence.
Types of Ecommerce
 Depending on the goods, services, and organization of an
ecommerce company, the business can opt to operate several
different ways. Here are several of the popular business models.
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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

Business to Consumer (B2C)

 B2C ecommerce companies sell directly to the product end-user.
Instead of distributing goods to an intermediary, a B2C company
performs transactions with the consumer that will ultimately use
the good. This type of business model may be used to sell products
(i.e. your local sporting goods store's website) or services (i.e. a
lawncare mobile app to reserve landscaping services). This is the
most common business model and is likely the concept most
people think about when they hear ecommerce.
Business to Business (B2B)
 Similar to B2C, an ecommerce business can directly sell goods to a
user. However, instead of being a consumer, that user may be
another company. B2B transactions are often entail larger
quantities, greater specifications, and longer lead times. The
company placing the order may also have a need to set recurring
goods if the purchase is for recurring manufacturing processes.
Business to Government (B2G)
 Some entities specialize as government contractors providing
goods or services to agencies or administrations. Similar to a B2B
relationship, the business produces items of value and remits those
items to an entity. B2G ecommerce companies must often meet
government requests for proposal requirements, solicit bids for
projects, and meet very specific product or service criteria. In
addition, there may be joint government endeavors to solicit a
single contract through a government-wide acquisition contract.

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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

Consumer to Consumer (C2C)

 Established companies are the only entities that can sell things.
Ecommerce platforms such as digital marketplaces connect
consumers with other consumers who can list their own products
and execute their own sales. These C2C platforms may be auction-
style listings (i.e. eBay auctions) or may warrant further discussion
regarding the item or service being provided (i.e. Craigslist
postings). Enabled by technology, C2C ecommerce platforms
empower consumers to both buy and sell without the need of
companies.
Consumer to Business (C2B)
 Modern platforms have allowed consumers to more easily engage
with companies and offer their services, especially related to short-
term contracts, gigs, or freelance opportunities. For example,
consider listings on Upwork. A consumer may solicit bids or
interact with companies that need particular jobs done. In this way,
the ecommerce platform connects businessess with freelancers to
enable consumers greater power to achieve pricing, scheduling,
and employment demands.
Consumer to Government (C2G)
 Less of a traditional ecommerce relationship, consumers can
interact with administrations, agencies, or governments through
C2G partnerships. These partnerships are often not in the exchange
of service but rather the transaction of obligation. For example,
uploading your Federal tax return to the IRS digital website is an

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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

ecommerce transaction regarding an exchange of information.

Alternatively, you may pay your tuition to your university online
or remit property tax assessments to your county assessor.

What is web utilities?

 It is a device management utility embedded in the system. This
function allows to remotely operate the touch panel of the system
or monitor the system using the computers’ browser via the
network.
 Web utilities are specialized utility program that make using the
internet and the web easier and safer.
Web utilities that can be found in your computer
1. PLUG-INS
 a program that start automatically and operate as part of your
browser.
Example of Plug-In are:
 Adobe Acrobat Reader
 VLC Media Player

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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

2. Filters
 the purpose of filter in your web is to block access to
selected sites.
3. File Transfer Utility
3 types of File Transfer
 The FTP or File Transfer Protocol
 Web-based File Transfer
 Bit-torrent
4. Fileurity Suite
 it is a utility program designed to maintain your security and
privacy while you are using web browser.

REFERENCES:
Origin of Internet and the web -
https://interestingengineering.com/culture/origin-of-the-internet-
who-invented-the-world-wide-web
Internet Communication – https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/internet-
communications-what-ways-communicate-over-diwakar-chaturvedi
Search tools and Search Engines -
https://weblearn.ox.ac.uk/portal/help/TOCDisplay/content.hlp?
docId=whatisthesearchtool
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 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Department of Food and Apparel Technology
Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila

https://uri.libguides.com/netres/types#s-lg-box-18805534
https://neeva.com/learn/what-is-a-search-engine
Electronic Commerce -
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/ecommerce.asp
Web Utilities - https://www.quesba.com/questions/web-utilities-discuss-
plug-ins-filters-file-transfer-utilities-internet-sec-1050809

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