KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE Q

KIEM SOAT TAG NCHEN

TRONG NGN SUT DUNG MPLS
Oang Trung Hieu, Pham Duy Phong
Khoa Dien tU Vien thdng - Trudng Dai hgc Dien LUc

Tdm tdt: Bli b i o tap trung p h i n tich cd c h l hoat dpng eua gili t h u l t FATE v l FATE+ trong viec
kiem solt t i e nghen d l thay dQdc cle Qu, nhQpc d i l m va k h i nlng Qng dung cua mdi g i l i thuat.
Tren co sd dd, bdi bao dQa ra de xudt k i t hop hai gidi thuat v I o kilm solt t i c nghen trong NGN sQ
dung MPLS.

I. GI(?ITHl£U nhan b i l n (LER - Label Edge Router) co t h i y i u cau thay

Tli mang II mpt tham sd ddng, ludn biln ddi, die biit
Id trong NGN (Next Generation Network). Nlu iQu IQpng do
ddn ve mdt phan mang, khi nlng xdy ra t i c nghen la rat ldn,
dan d i n thdng iQdng eCia mang giam di nhanh chong, kho
ed the d i m bio dQpc chat iQdng djch vu dang cung cap. Vi
vly, y i u d u kilm solt chdng tic nghen la rat can thilt.
doi tuyin chuyin mach nhin (LSP - Label Switch Path) de
p h i vd t i e nghen ma van d i m bdo cac thda thudn trong
d c hpp ddng khach hang. Cac ca e h i dQpc sQ dung:
1} Co chi phdt hien tdc nghen trong cdc dudng
chuyen mach nhdn cUdng bUc (CR-i5P - Constraint-Base
Routed Label Switch Path)

Kiem soat t i c nghen thong qua ky thuat iQu iQpng rat FATE dQa ra cd c h l nay nham giiip d c LER Idi vIo
dQdc quan tam. Od la mdt phQdng phap tQdng ddi hieu nhan dang Idp LSP d l hQPng cac luong iQu iQong vIo d e
q u i d l ngin chan trQdc kha nang xau ed t h i xly ra.Trong bd dem thieh hop. LQu iQpng Qu t i i n se dQpc g i n vIo IPp
hoat dpng ciia d c mang IR r l t kho khan 64 k i t hop co djch vu ed dp Qu tien eao hdn so vdi iQu iQpng Best Effort,
hiiu qua ky thuat iQu iQpng trong dieu kien nang iQc cua nhQ hinh 1.
cong nghe IP cdn nhieu han che.Trong khi do, ve nguyen
tic, cdng n g h i chuyin mach nhan da giao thQc (MPLS -
Multiprotocol Label Sw/itching) - mpt cong n g h i hoan ddi
nhin hQdng ket ndi cho phep trien khai nhieu cache dieu
khiln iQu iQdng tinh vi v l hiiu q u i .

Hiin nay, cle mang MPLS co nhilu ca c h l kilm soat

t i e nghin dQpc d l xuat, trong do phli k l d i n gili t h u l t
FATE (Fast Acting Traffic Engineering) va FATE+.Trincasd
nghien cQu cd che hoat ddng cua FATE va FATE+ ngQdi
Hinh 1. Phdt hien tac nghen trong bddem "Best effort"
viet se de xuat cd che ket hop cdc gidi thudt nay 64 phii
hop hdn vdi cac yeu cau eua NGN. Oe thyc hiin dQdc dieu nay doi hdi mdt cau true bd
dem hpp ly. Mdi bd dem dQpc g i n he sd ti le mdt gdi de
II. GlAl T H U A T FATE, FATE+
thong b i o v l khi nang tdc nghen tai mdi bp d i m trong LSR.
A. Gidi thudt FATE

Gill t h u l t FATE de xuat phQong an quan ly cdc ludng

iQu iQdng tQ dpng thdng qua mang bang d c h t l i d n
bdng d c ludng trong sudt thdi gian t i e nghin. Gili t h u l t
dQa ra cdc ca c h l va d e thu tuc cho phep d e bd dmh
tuyin chuyin mach nhdn (LSR - Label Sw/iteh Router)
trong mang sQ dung MPLS biet khi ndo cac ludng cd t h i
'-5 ^
xdy ra mat gdi/khung va ddi pho lai nd. DQa vao sQ hieu
biet v l cdc hpp ddng mQc djch vu cua khdch hlng ciing
vdi thong tin eua d e ludng hien tai, d c bp dmh tuyin Hinh 2. Cdu hinh bo dem QoS

Dien Jk Ddi songl 13

E] KHOA HQC - CONG NGHJE)
Khi ti I I mat gdi trong LSP Best effort vugt qud g i l trj
ngQdng djnh trQdc, LSR tao mpt b i n tin thdng b i o chQa
chl bdo tde nghin CIN (Congestion Indication) d l thdng
b i o vdi LER loi vdo b i l t dd b i t d i u x l y ra m i t gdi tren
tuyin CR-LSP ban d i u d i n nd. Nhd dd, LER Idi vIo cd t h i
dua racic quylt djnh:

,. Hole Id khdng thyc h i i n thu tyc ndo n l u t l i iQu

iQpng vdn thda man cde y l u d u eua hpp ddng iQu IQpng 3 3-
ban ddu. 3 2J
2. Hodc thyc hiin thydng iQpng lai vPi cle y i u cau
chdt iQpng mdi theo tuyin LSP h i i n tai. Hinh 3: Dinh tuyen lai CR-LSP qua dong bo dem fehdc
3. Hole thQdng iQdng lai d c tham sd chit IQpng mdi 2. Dinh tuyen lai CR-L5P qua mpt LSR xudi thay the
thea mdt tuyin LSP thay t h i
Cle Timer dugc sQ dung d l kiem solt mQc dp d i p
Qng cda gidi thudt FATE ddi vPi sy thay ddi nhanh cua iQu
lypng. Khi mdt LSR bi t i e nghin, nd cd t h i tao mdt b i n tin
C/W.Trong luc dd nd ciing thiet Idp Timer phdt lai. Do dd s i
khdng cd bdn tin khdc dypc tao ra cho d i n khi Timer h i t
hiiu lye. Theo d c h dd se ngdn ngQa viic bdo h i l u mdt
cdch d at.

2) Ca chi tdi thuong luang

FATE dQa ra hai ca che t l i thQdng iQpng:

Hinh 4: Dinh tuyen lai CR-LSP qua LSR xudi thay the
1. Tli thQdng iQpng lai vdi d c y i u cau chat iQdng
3. Dinh tuyen lai CR-LSP qua mot LSR nguac thay the
mPi theo tuyin LSP hiln tai.
2. Tdi thQdng iQpng lai d e tham so chat iQpng mdi
theo mdt tuyen LSP thay t h i .
n^^^H
LER Idi vao can phli xac dinh xem khi nao nd se tdi
thQdng lydng thed tuyin LSP h i i n tai vdi ddng bd dem h^^^H.
cad hdn d l nlng d p dp phuc vu hodc khi ndo nd se
k^^H^K
thUdng lypng mot tuyin LSP mPi. Quyet djnh nay phy
thudc r l t nhilu vIo cac thong tin ma no thu thdp dupe v l
HH|H^l3
trang t h l i cQa mang. D »"—'V D /
Z} D
B. Gidi thudt FATE+

Ddy Id mdt gidi thudt md rpng cua FATE cho p h i p d c
LSR trong phan mang dang xdy ra tdc nghen thda t h u i n
dydng d i n QoS thay the ma khdng liin quan d i n LER Idi
vao b l n g each phdn phdi lai cdc ludng lUu lypng tQ d i l m
xly ra t i c nghin.
FATE+ t i n g cQdng khd ndng cQa FATE blng each giao
quyln quyet djnh xQ ly cho cac LSR bj t i e nghen thay vi
LER Idi vIo. Vi vdy khdng can t h i l t phli tao vd truyen cdc
ban tin thdng bao tren mang. D i y cung Id mot phQdng
phdp hay de gidm tdi cho mang cung nhQ g i l m thdi gian
ddp Qng vdi d c sy cd. Vi v l y gidi thudt nay cung cd khd
nlng I p dung tdt trong d c mang d i i n rdng.
Ddi vdi FATE+, ed che d i p Qng eua LSR ddi vPi t i e
nghin theo mot trong cle each:
1. Chuyen CR-LSP tdi luong bd d i m cad hdn.
Hinh 5.D/nh tuyen Igi CR-LSP qua LSR ngugc thay the
Vdi phQOng dn thQ nhat, khi LSR bj tde nghen quyet
dmh tim ddng bd d i m thay t h i , nd se thpc hiin cac thO
tuc nhy trong phan tdi thUdng IQpng lyu lypng ciia gill
thudt FATE. Trong khi dd, vdi phPOng I n thQ hai, LSR bj tic
nghen se chiim vai trd cua LER Idi vao vd xdc djnh LSR thay
the. PhQdng dn cudi cung dugc thQc hien trong trQdng
hpp LSR phdt h i i n tdc nghen nhQng nd khdng the dilu
chinh CR-LSP qua no, nd phdi tinh d i n viec dinh tuyin lai
d c dQdng iQu lyong thPng qua LSR dydng ngQOe.
C. Hon che FATE vd FATE+
Ddi vdi ca c h l FATE, viec quylt dmh d c h thQc doi
pho vdi t i c nghin do LER Idi vao thQc hien. De lam dQdc
d i l u nay, nd dya tren thdng tin trang thai cua d c LSR bj tic
nghen thdng qua bdn tin CIN. Tuy vile xQ ly dQpc thQe hien

14 I Dien Jk Ddi song


tai LER Idi vdo cho phep tao the chd
dpng trong van de kiem sodt cung
nhQ gilm thdng tin can thiet ma mdt
LSR t r i n tuyin phli bilt, cd c h l ndy
cung gap phli mpt sd han c h | sau:
Viec gQi cdc bdn tin CIN Idm
tdng iQu IQdng mang, ddc biet Id
trong NGN.
Odi vdi cdc mang ed kfch
thudc Idn, thdi gian d i p Qng cua ed
c h l ddi vdi tie nghen phu thudc vIo
rat nhilu vao vi tri xly ra t i e nghen,
tQc la vi tri eua LSR.
FATE chi phQ hpp vdi d c
mang m l cle CR-LSP dQpc djnh
t u y i n "chat".
FATE+ thyc hiin t l i dmh tuyen
ddng tQ LSR bi t i c nghen ma khdng
d n syean thiep eCia LER Idi vIo. Dilu
niy tuy lam gilm d e b i n tin bao
hieu trong mang nhung nd ciing cdn
han chl:
- Llm tang thPi gian xQ ly gdi
tai d e nut,
D l d i m b i o q u i trinh thQdng
iQpng lai iQu IQpng dap Qng dQpc cle
y i u d u v l QoS, ddi hdi d c LSR phli
n I m 6ugc d c tham sd d e hpp ddng
iQu iQdng cQa cdc CR-LSP di qua nd.
Dieu nay Id rat khd. Vi v l y nd chl phu
hpp cho djnh tuyin CR-LSP "Idng".
- Viic djnh t u y i n lai thong
qua LSR dQdng xudi thay t h i r l t d l
x l y ra h i l n tQpng lap vdng khi mdt
CR-LSP mdi tQ LSR bj t i c nghen lai
di qua mpt LSR dQdng ngQpc cQa nd.
Hdde ed the xdy ra hien tQdng khdng
the tdi djnh t u y i n theo dQdng xudi
Khi khdng cdn du tdi nguyin trong
khi van ed kha n l n g de dinh tuyen
lai theo dQPng ngQpc
NhQ vdy, de cd t h i Qng dung
mdt each cd hiiu qud gidi t h u l t FATE
v l FATE+ cho van de kiem sodt t i e
nghen trong NGN can cd nhQng d i
tien thieh hpp.
III.COCH^OEXUAT
Qua viic tim hieu cdc gili t h u l t
FATE vd FATE+ ta thIy nhQng mat tich
cQc v l han che cda nd trong van de
kiem solt t i e nghen. Mdi gili t h u l t
cd nhQng Qu diem riing khi Qng
KHOA H p c - CONG NGHE Q
dyng trong mpt d i l u kiin cy t h i . Tuy b i n tin bj quan trong mang nd se bj
nhiln, vdi d i l u kiin thyc te khi t r i l n loai bd khi Time to Live h i t h i i u lye.
khai trong NGN, nd ddi hdi phdi ed
mpt ed c h l xQ ly phu hdp hdn, mem LSR phIt hi^n tic nghSn
d I o hon. Cd c h l cdi t i l n dQpc de xuat
trong b l i bdo n i y II viie lUa chpn
tdi Uu, bdng cdch k i t hpp hai eo c h l
FATE vd FATE+ de tan dung cdc Uu - T^o vA gijri ban tin CJN \
d i l m riing eua chung. - Thiet liip Timeout
Vdi dieu kiin va cdc y i u d u cCia
NGN, trong d l xuat nay, g i l i thudt
FATE dypc lya chpn trudc t i i n d l xQ Timeout = 0?
ly t i e nghen trdng mang. FATE+ se
dQpc sQdyng trong d e d i l u kiin die
biit. y tQdng ehinh eua cd che k i t
hdp nay nhQ sau:
Cdn t5c nghen?
- Trong trQdng hop t i e nghin
cue bd (tdng t l i mang van ndm trong
gidi han cho phep) ta se sQ dung gili
thudt FATE.
Sir dyng FATE+
- Trong trQdng hpp tac nghen
nlng hdn, d l gilm cdc bdn tin bao
hiiu, sQdung FATE+.
Chuyen goi theo
De thyc hiin y tudng dd, q u i
CR-LSP mdi
trinh xQ ly tai LSR bj tie nghen dydc
thyc hiin nhy sau:
- LSR bl tie nghen tao thong
d i i p CIN va gQi ve LER Idi vao. Ddng
thPi vdi viic gijl ban tin CIN, t h i l t lap Hinh 6: So do gidi thudt kit hap FATE
ed c h l Time out bo sung 64 quyet vdFATE+
dinh ed sQ dung FATE-n de thay the
IV. K^TLUAN
hay khdng.
Bai bao trinh bay tdm tdt nguyin
- Khi Time out h i t hieu iQc, n l u
ly hoat ddng cung nhU d c yu, nhypc
t i e nghen van xay ra, tham chi ngay
diem eua gili t h u l t FATE va FATE+
cang t r i m trpng, chuyin qua sQdung
trong van 64 k i l m soat tdc nghin, tQ
gili thuat FATE+. Ngupc lai, nd s i
dd 64 xuat CO c h l sQ dung k i t hap
tudn thQ d c hoat dpng eua FATE.
hai gidi t h u l t mdt cdch mem d I o d l
Viic d i n h gia hiin trang eua Qng dung vIo kilm solt t i c nghin
mang phuc vu cho q u i trinh quylt trong NGN.
djnh lya chon giai thuat nao dQdc
thyc hiln dya t r i n cle tham sd nhU: V. TAILI$UTHAMKHAO
ti l i ton that tai bd d i m , ton that eua [1] Felicia Marie Holness (2000),
CR-LSP hay bdng thong khd dyng... "Congestion Control IWechanisms within
MPLS Network", Submitted for the Degree
Neu d c tham sd ndy vupt ngQdng
of Doctor of Philosophy, University of
cho trQdc ta xac djnh t i e nghin dang
London, United Kingdom.
xdy ra.
[2] Riikka Susitaivai (2004),
De tranh hien tQpng khi LSR dd "Adaptive Traffic Engineering in MPLS
and OSPF Network", Submited for official
quylt djnh sQ dyng FATE-h 64 djnh
tuyen lai d e CR-LSP tQ d i l m xdy ra examination for Degree of Licentiate
of Technology, Helsinki University of
t i e nghen m l LER Idi vao van djnh Technology.
t u y i n lai theo FATE can ed ca c h l bo
[3] Vl/illiam Stallings (1999), Tiata
sung. 04 xuat sQ dung them trQdng
and Computer communications", fifth
Time to Live trong b i n tin CIN. N l u Edition, New Delhi 110001.
Dien Jk Ddi songl tg