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Krislyn Diane Paradero Maano - BIO 024 - SESSION 5
Krislyn Diane Paradero Maano - BIO 024 - SESSION 5
As a review from previous lesson related to Cell and its organelles, answer or solve the given riddles.
ANSWER
Riddle 1: I’m a real powerhouse that’s plain to see, I break down food and release energy. What
am I?
Riddle 2: I’ve been called the storage tank. By those with little taste. I’m a sack filled with water,
food, enzymes, and waste. What am I?
Riddle 3: Since I contain many enzymes, I can digest an injured cell; And break down a large
molecule into s smaller one as well. What am I?
Riddle 4: I’m strong and stiff. Getting through me is rough. I’m found only in plant cells. I’m what
makes them so tough. What am I?
Riddle 5: I’m a series of tubes and part of the internal delivery system. I transport proteins and
other things as well. What am I?
Riddle 6: I’m full of holes. Flexible and thin. I control what gets out. As well as what comes in.
What am I?
Riddle 7: Two things I imposter. I act like a muscle and skeleton. If spiders like proteins, they
would love my web. What am I?
Riddle 8: Lipids and proteins I receive but gift wrapping is my specialty. I’m only one stop in many
and distribute items like Fed Ex. What am I?
Riddle 9: I’m the “brain” of the cell. Or so they say, I regulate activities from day to day. What am
I?
Riddle 10: I’m the fluid in the cell that fills in the space. My main purpose is to hold organelles in
place. What am I?
PREVIEW:
The session will begin with a video about how a good mix of sleep, nutrition, and exercise keep your muscles as big and
strong as possible. Another one talks about foods that are rich in an sleep-enhancing amino acid called tryptophan.
Pay attention to important details, and after watching, be able to give your understanding about the video.
AMINO ACIDS
● Building blocks/stones of proteins
● Fundamental sub-units of proteins
GENERAL FORMULA:
PROPERTIES:
PHYSICAL:
1. White crystalline substances
2. Soluble in cold water, except cysteine and tyrosine which are more soluble in hot water
3. Insoluble in alcohol and ether except proline and hydroxyproline
4. All amino acids except proline are precipitated off from their solutions by alcohol, but not by (NH4)2SO4 or NaCl
5. Most of them are sweet like glycine, alanine, serine ad proline, others like leucine are tasteless; while some are
bitter like arginine
CHEMICAL:
1. Amino acids are amphoteric due to the presence of both carboxyl and amino groups as mentioned above. As
such they form crystalline salts with metallic bases and with mineral acids
2. Form esters with alcohol – by fractional distillation
3. Amino acids can be acetylated, benzylated ormethylated in the presence of acetic acid, benzoic acid or methyl
group, respectively.
● These reactions occur in the body during detoxication processes
4. All amino acids except proline and hydroxyproline react with nitrous acid with the liberation of nitrogen gas.
● This is the principle involved in Van Slyke method for determining amino groups in proteins, blood and other
biological substances
5. FORMALDEHYDE REACTION: When an excess of neutral formaldehyde is added to neutral amino acid solution,
a distinctly acid mixture is produced
● The hydrogens of the amine group are replaced by a methylene group thus destroying the basic property and
allowing the carboxyl to assert itself freely
● Subsequent titration with standard alkali measures the amount of the free carboxyl groups.
● Basis of Sorensen test
6. Amino acids form acyl halides
● The amino group is previously protected by acetylation.
● The protecting (-CO-CH3) group may subsequently be removed by using HCl
7. By heating with barium hydroxide, primary amines are formed due to the breaking off the carboxyl group with
formation of CO2
8. When amino acids are dehydrated, they unite with each other forming a ring, diketopiperazine
● On boiling with HCl, diketopiperazine yields dipeptide
● Fischer utilized this process in synthesizing polypeptides from amino acids
CHARACTERISTICS:
BASIC
I. ACCORDING TO R-GROUP
A. NEUTRAL OR STRAIGHT CHAIN AMINO ACIDS: (POLAR) Glycine (gly)
Alanine (ala)
H. IMINO ACIDS – not an amino acid because of the absence Proline (pro)
of NH2 but only NH Hydroxyproline (hpr)
I- ACCORDING TO IMPORTANCE:
OTHER USES:
❖ Arginine – essential in spermatogenesis
❖ Glutamic acid – has been widely studied for its effect in raising the general intelligence level of subnormal patients
Used for the treatment of psychomotor and petit mal attacks
❖ Glycine: Simplest amino acid and has is sweet in taste.
❖ Inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters (IAA): GABA, glycine, B-alanine, Taurine
❖ Excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters: L-glutamate, L-Aspartate, L-cysteine, and L-Homocysteine
You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to correct
answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in you answer/ratio is not allowed.
You are given 30 minutes for this activity:
1. Which of the following groups of amino acids contains a nonpolar, aliphatic R groups.
A. Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and Tryptophan
B. Serine, Threonine, Cysteine
C. Glycine, Alanine, Leucine
D. Lysine, Arginine, Histidine
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which of the following is an imino acid?
A. Glycine
B. Proline
C. Alanine
D. Serine
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The general structure of all amino acids are same except for ___________
A. Alanine
7. Which of the following amino acids cannot provide a substrate for gluconeogenesis?
A. Isoleucine
B. Leucine
C. Tryptophan
D. Histidine
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
I. Histidine: Basic amino acid
II. Valine: Branched amino acid
III. Leucine: Basic amino acid.
IV. Aspartic acid: Acidic amino acid
V. Methionine: Sulfur containing amino acid
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and III
E. II and III
ANSWER: ________
RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY (THIS WILL BE DONE DURING THE FACE TO FACE INTERACTION)
The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students. You can now ask questions and debate among yourselves.
Write the correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided.
1. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
You will now mark (encircle) the session you have finished today in the tracker below. This is simply a visual to help you
track how much work you have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.
You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.
CONCEPT MAP
Complete the concept map about the classifications of amino acid according to R-group. This concept map facilitates your
comprehension with its visual format, provides clear communication of complex ideas, and stimulates your creativity.
Refer your answer in the word box.