Engineering

Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED

MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315

Identifier
(HARDENED,THROUGH)

1. Scope
This specification covers a process for quench hardening and tempering carbon, alloy, martensitic
stainless and tool steel parts.

This specification is used in conjunction with CES 70314 (Heat Treatment, General).

2. Applicable Documents
Applicable documents listed below may be obtained from the respective organizations listed in
CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses.

a. CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses

b. CES 10056, Glossary
c. CES 70314, Heat Treatment, General

3. Definitions
Terms used in this standard that have a general definition for usage in Cummins Engineering
Standards are defined in CES 10056, Glossary.

Heat Treatment

Terms used in this specification that are specific to heat treating are defined in CES 70314.

4. Specifications
4.1. Significance and Use

4.1.1. This specification covers requirements for quench hardening and tempering carbon,
alloy, martensitic stainless and tool steel parts.

4.1.2. CES 70314 is a requirement of this specification.

4.1.3. This specification is primarily intended for, but not limited to, fuel system applications.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

182020-069 005 Page 1 of 7
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED

MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315

Identifier
(HARDENED,THROUGH)

4.1.4. Required Drawing Notation

This specification shall not be used unless the engineering drawing defines the
following requirement:
Hardness range

4.1.5. Optional Drawing Notations

The following supplemental requirements shall apply only if they are called out or defined on the
engineering drawing:

a. Maximum retained austenite limit other than 15%

b. Vacuum or Inert atmosphere required
c. Double or triple temper required
d. Cold or cryogenic treatment required
e. Minimum tempering temperature
f. Martensitic grain size (fine or coarse)
g. Microstructure other than predominately Martensite

4.2. Heat Treatment

4.2.1. Process Summary

Parts processed in accordance with this specification shall be heated to an appropriate temperature
and for a sufficient time, to transform the microstructure of all the material to austenite. The parts
shall then be quenched to room temperature in a media that will cool the parts rapidly enough to
cause the necessary martensitic transformation, and then the parts shall be tempered by heating to
a temperature, to produce the required properties. Cold treating, cryogenic treatment or multiple
tempers may also be employed.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

182020-069 005 Page 2 of 7
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED

MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315

Identifier
(HARDENED,THROUGH)

(Ref. The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, 8th Edition, United States Steel, 1964)

Figure 1: Representation of a Typical Quench and Temper Process Cycle

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

182020-069 005 Page 3 of 7
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED

MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315

Identifier
(HARDENED,THROUGH)

4.2.2. General Requirements

Heat treatment shall conform to the requirements specified herein and to the requirements of
CES 70314.

4.2.3. Prior Condition

Prior to heat treatment, parts shall be either normalized, annealed or quench hardened and tempered
to a hardness not greater than 35 HRC.

4.2.4. Deep-Freezing

When parts are cold or cryogenic treated, they shall be protected from flash rusting. Deep frozen
parts shall be tempered within two hours of warming to room temperature.

4.2.5. Tempering

Hardened parts shall be tempered directly after quenching (washing included) unless otherwise
approved by the cognizant Engineering Organization. If hardened parts cannot be tempered within
two hour of quenching, they shall be given an intermin (snap) temper for two hours at a temperature
that is lower than the final tempering temperature but not less than 150 °C [302 °F]. Interim
tempered parts shall receive final tempering before delivery to the finished part supplier.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

182020-069 005 Page 4 of 7
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED

MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315

Identifier
(HARDENED,THROUGH)

XXX° C

200° C

Room Temp

-88° C
Per
4.2.5 - 2 Hours 4.2.4 - 2 Hours
Austenitizing Quench Tempering Control Deep Freeze Tempering
Max Max
Plan

Figure 2: Temperature Profile Sheet

4.3. Mechanical Properties

The hardness of finished components shall be as specified on the engineering drawing. Unless
otherwise specified, the hardness on the drawing applies to the entire section thickness as well as
all exterior surfaces of the component.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

182020-069 005 Page 5 of 7
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED

MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315

Identifier
(HARDENED,THROUGH)

4.4. Microstructure

4.4.1. Core Microstructure

Quench hardened and tempered material shall have a uniform matrix microstructure of fine
tempered martensite, unless otherwise specified on the engineering drawing. Alloys with carbon
content greater than 0.8 weight percent may contain uniformly dispersed carbides. Some
martensitic stainless steels (e.g. 440C) may also contain primary carbides dispersed in a matrix of
tempered martensite. Continuous grain boundary carbide networks and non-martensite
decomposition products (e.g. ferrite, pearlite, bainite, etc.) are not permitted unless otherwise
specified by the engineering drawing.

4.4.2. Retained Austenite

Retained austenite shall be 15% maximum, unless otherwise specified on the engineering drawing.

4.4.3. Intergranular Oxidation (IGO)

When vacuum or inert atmosphere is specified, parts shall be free of IGO. In all other cases, the
depth of the IGO penetration from the surface shall not exceed 0.025 mm [0.001 in.].

4.4.4. Surface Contamination

Partial carburization, decarburization or nitriding shall be cause for rejection if the hardness at a
depth of 0.05 mm [0.002 in.] varies from the average core hardness by more than 3 points HRC
(converted from Knoop hardness using a 500 gram load). Core hardness shall be defined as the
average of three or more micro-hardness measurements taken at a depth of 2.5 mm [0.100 in.].
4.5. Quality and Workmanship

Parts shall be free of defects and handling damage (e.g. quench cracks, heat treat scale, rust, dents,
deformation, etc.) which are detrimental to usage or performance of the part.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

182020-069 005 Page 6 of 7
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name HARDENED AND TEMPERED

MATERIALS SPECIFICATION 70315

Identifier
(HARDENED,THROUGH)

4.6. Quality Assurance

4.6.1. Acceptance Tests

Tests to determine heat treat lot conformance to the finished part requirements shall include at least
one part per lot of the following: (unless approved by the cognizant engineering and
quality organization).

a. Hardness
b. Microstructure
c. Quality and workmanship

4.6.2. General Requirements

Process control requirements, responsibility for inspection, sampling, test methods, approval,
records and reports shall be in accordance with CES 70314.

4.7. Preparation for Delivery

Preparation for delivery shall be in accordance with CES 70314.

5. Reference Readings
The following references were used in the preparation of this standard.

a. CES 16705, Inspection, Bainite Microstructure

b. The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, 8th Edition, United States Steel, 1964

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

182020-069 005 Page 7 of 7
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.