COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION

Answer the following questions and compute for the problem you formulate based from
the given, using T-test as the statistical tool (submit your solution).
Student No. Pre-Evaluation Post-Evaluation
1 25 28
2 23 19
3 30 34
4 7 10
5 3 6
6 22 26
7 12 13
8 30 47
9 5 16
10 14 9

a) Formulate your own statement of the problem. (4pts)

Statement of the Problem

1. Is there a significant difference between the pre-evaluation and post-
evaluation scores of the students?

b) Make the corresponding statement of the hypothesis. (4pts)

Statement of the Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis ( H 0): There is no significant difference between the pre-
evaluation and post-evaluation scores of the students.

Alternative Hypothesis ( H a ): There is a significant difference between the pre-

evaluation and post-evaluation scores of the students.

c) What sampling technique do you think was used in the above data? (4pts)

Depending ONLY on the data above itself is not the best way to determine the
sampling technique used, due to its lack of context and pre-information.
However, given that the data above consists of pre-evaluation and post-
evaluation scores, the best and most appropriate sampling to be used is
PROBABILITY SAMPLING (i.e. simple random sampling, systematic sampling
etc.) where randomization on choosing respondents is used instead of deliberate
choice to have better reliability on the results gathered.
d) Give implications of the results of your computation. (8 pts)
(Computation – 4pts; Implication – 4 pts)
Computation
Student No. Pre-Evaluation Post-Evaluation
1 25 28
2 23 19
3 30 34
4 7 10
5 3 6
6 22 26
7 12 13
8 30 47
9 5 16
10 14 9

Since the scores of the students for pre-evaluation and post-evaluation are
dependent to each other and essentially connected, meaning each pre-
evaluation score are essentially paired with the post-evaluation scores, we
should use a PAIRED- SAMPLE T-TEST.

The formula for paired-sample t-test is as follows:

x diff
t=
s diff
√n
Where:
x diff =sample meanof the differences

sdiff =sample standard deviation of thedifferences

n=sample ¿ ¿
Using a table for convenient computing, we have:
Student Pre- Post- Difference (Difference−mean)
( Difference−mean )2
No. Evaluation Evaluation
1 25 28 +3 −0.7 0.49
2 23 19 −4 −7.7 59.29
3 30 34 +4 0.3 0.09
4 7 10 +3 −0.7 0.49
5 3 6 +3 −0.7 0.49
6 22 26 +4 0.3 0.09
7 12 13 +1 −2.7 7.29
8 30 47 +17 13.3 176.89
9 5 16 +11 7.3 53.29
10 14 9 −5 −8.7 75.69
Sum of differences 37 Sum of 374.1
2
x
Mean of differences ( ) 3.7 ( Difference−mean )
Standard Deviation of differences 6.45

Standard Deviation (for sample):

√ ∑|x−x| =
√ √
2
374.1 374.1
S Dsample = = =√ 41.567=6.45
n−1 10−1 9

Now, computing for the t-computed value, we have:

x diff 3.7
t= = =1.81
s diff 6.45
√ n √ 10
Determining the t-critical value, we should use the two-tailed t-table with level of
significance of 0.05 and a DF of n−1=10−1=9 . Upon cross-checking as shown:
n=10
α =0.0 5
df =9
t computed =1.8 1
t critical=?
Hence, the
t critical =2.262

Implication
Since the t computed value of 1.81 is LESS THAN the t critical value of 2.62, therefore, the
NULL HYPOTHESIS IS ACCEPTED.
This implicates that there is no significant difference on between the pre-
evaluation and post-evaluation scores of the students.