Glossary (Technical Terms)

Subject: Operating Systems

Access Control Lists:

It is a list of permissions associated with a system resource. An ACL specifies
which users or processes on the system have access to objects, as well as which
operations are allowed on certain objects.

Access control:
It consists of verifying whether an entity requesting access to a resource has the
necessary rights to do so. An access control offers the possibility of accessing
physical or logical resources.

Authentication:
It is the act or process of confirming that something is who it claims to be.

Authorization:
It is a part of the operating system that protects system resources by allowing them
to be used only by those consumers who have been authorized to do so.

Background processes:
The processes that run independently of a user; they run locally on the client, but
the calling process doesn't wait for a return, so they can run in parallel with other
multitasking processes.

Command line:
It is a type of computer user interface that allows users to instruct a computer
program or the operating system through a single line of text.

Compress files:
The main purpose of compressing a file is to make it smaller so that it takes up less
space on the computer. Doing so does not affect the content or structure of the file,
you simply reduce the space it occupies.
Data integrity:
It refers to the correctness and completeness of the information in a database.

Data network:
They are infrastructures that have been created to be able to transmit information
through the exchange of data.

Directory:
It is a virtual container in which a group of computer files and other subdirectories
are stored, according to their content, their purpose or whatever criteria the user
decides.

Distributed Operating Systems:

It is the logical union of a group of operating systems on a collection of
independent computational nodes, connected in a network, communicating and
physically separated.

Maintenance and technical support:

Maintenance focuses on the operation and updating of the system, working with
the objective of anticipating possible problems to avoid them. Instead, technical
support focuses on the user and the help that can be provided to make correct use
of the system.

Management of input / output devices:

It includes both the transfer between various levels of memory and communication
with peripherals.

Management tools:
They are a set of tools whose use is to provide a series of utilities for the diagnosis
of the system, as well as the monitoring of hardware and software resources in real
time. Thanks to them we can also access other utilities to modify system
configuration parameters.

Memory management:
The act of managing the memory of a computing device. The process of allocating
memory to programs that request it.

Metacharacters:
They are non-alphabetic characters that have a special meaning in regular
expressions.
Network availability:
Also known as network uptime, it is a measure of the ability of a computer network
(either a local area network [LAN] or a wide area network [WAN]) to meet
connectivity and performance demands. that are posed to him.

Network security:
It is the practice of preventing and protecting against unauthorized intrusion into
corporate networks.

Operating systems:
It is the main software or set of programs of a computer system that manages the
hardware resources and provides services to the software application programs,
executing in a privileged mode with respect to the rest.

Package files:
It is to group in a single file several files and / or directories.

Privilege:
Refers to the settings that allow or deny users access to the device to check and
perform operations.

Redundant storage:
It consists of a set of hardware or software techniques that, using several disks,
mainly provide fault tolerance, greater capacity and greater reliability in storage.

Remote connection:
It is the remote connection between two or more computers, where one of them
allows access to the other as if it were working directly in front of it, through the use
of remote access software.

Script:
Sequence of commands is an informal term used to designate a relatively simple
program.

Starting systems:
It is responsible for initializing the hardware, loading the operating or a more
complex boot system and executing it.

System Components:
It is basically a utility that performs a specific process, which is part of a PC's
operating system, and its function is to help manage the different areas that make
up the computer.
System files:
It is the storage system of a memory device, which structures and organizes the
writing, searching, reading, storage, editing and deletion of files in a specific way.

User accounts:
It is a collection of information that indicates to the operating system the files and
folders that a certain user of the computer can have access to, the changes that
can be made in it and their personal preferences.

User Groups:
They are logical expressions of organization, bringing users together for a common
purpose.

User interface:
It is the point of human-computer interaction and communication in a device.

Virtual machines:
It is an environment that works like a virtual computer system with its own CPU,
memory, network interface and storage, but which is created in a physical
hardware system, either on-premises or not.