PSYCHOLOGY & THE

SELF
Prof. Daniel Santiago, RPm, Life
Coach
 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?
NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology is the science of

human behavior and mental
processes.
APPROACHES IN PSYCHOLOGY: CONTEMPORARY APPROACH
PSYCHOANALYTIC BEHAVIORISM

❑ Focuses on the study that

❑ Founded by SIGMUND FREUD
behaviour is a product of the
(FATHER OF PSYCHOLOGY)
environment.
❑ Focuses on the study of the
❑ As human beings, we are robots
Unconscious mind and how
solely reacting to what the
experience molds us.
environment offer. Our behavior
can be learned and conditioned.
APPROACHES IN PSYCHOLOGY: CONTEMPORARY APPROACH
HUMANISTIC APPROACH COGNITIVE APPROACH

❑ Also called Phenomenological

❑ Focuses on the mental processes
Approach
of individual.
❑ Disagree with the behaviorist
❑ It involves understanding the
approach that human are
cognitive process how one’s
robots. Focus more on human
store, retrieve and process
potentials and ability of human
information. It how we interpret
to grow and develop and
and make meanings to the
freedom and choice.
information we receive from our
environment.
 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL
THEORIES OF THE SELF

Prof. Daniel T. Santiago, RPm, CLC, CMHA

Which more
matter money
or Family?
 Which more
matter Family or
Purpose in life?
William James
(Jamesian Theory of Self)
 Who is William James?
➢ He is known to be the “Father of
American Psychology”
➢ A psychologist but also considered as a
philosopher and university professor.
➢ He is the author of the book entitled
“The Principles of Psychology” 1890.
 Jamesian Theory of Self
According to James, the “self ”
have two elements namely:
I-Self and Me-Self.
Jamesian Theory of Self
I-Self Me-Self
➢ Is the “pure ego” ➢ Self is the object
➢ The subjective self ➢ Self that you can describe such as
a. Physical Characteristics
➢ Self that is aware
b. Personalities
of its own actions. c. Social Role
It is the thinking d. Relationship
self. e. Feelings
f. Thoughts
➢ Also known as the “Empirical Self ”
Jamesian Theory of Self

4 Features of I-Self
➢ A sense of being the agent or
initiator of behavior
➢ A sense of being unique
➢ A sense of continuity
➢ A sense of awareness of being
aware
Jamesian Theory of Self
I-Self Me-Self
➢ Is the “pure ego” ➢ Self is the object
➢ The subjective self ➢ Self that you can describe such as
a. Physical Characteristics
➢ Self that is aware
b. Personalities
of its own actions c. Social Role
d. Relationship
e. Feelings
f. Thoughts
➢ Also known as the “Empirical
Self ” and at the same time your
“Extended Self ”
Jamesian Theory of Self

Dimensions of Me-Self
➢ Material made up of objects that are either ours or belong
to us. Family, clothes, our bodies, and money are some of the
elements that make up our material selves.

➢ Social who we are in a particular social circumstance. These

are your statuses and roles in the society

➢ Spiritual is our most personal and subjective self.

Personality, basic values, and a conscience that does not often alter
during one's lifespan are all examples of an individual's spiritual self.
Your purpose, motivations, values, morals in life.
How do you
build self-
confidence?
Karen Horney
(Feminine Psychology)
Feminine Psychology
➢ The “self” has two basic conflict conceptualization
– the IDEAL SELF & REAL SELF

➢She felt that everyone experiences basic anxiety

because of conflict and that we all try to deal with
and use techniques to reduce stress. To cope with
basic anxiety, people create a variety of ways
 Ideal Self
Mental image of oneself with limitless abilities and exquisite
attributes. Center on life objectives and ambition.

Vs
Real Self
You in actual life but is REJECTED because it does not meet
the idealize image requirement.
 Mind the Gap
Point A --------------- Point B
Real Self Idealized Self-image
 Mind the Gap

Real Self
Anxiety Point B
Point A ---------------
Idealized Self-image
 If the anxiety is not battled?

Anxiety
Point A --------------- Point B
Real Self Idealized Self-image

Tyranny of “Shoulds”
Stress is often a result of the tension
between what is and what you believe should
be. It’s called the “tyranny of the
shoulds” and it dictates the way we think,
act, and feel.
 If the anxiety is not battled?

Anxiety
Point A --------------- Point B
Disorientation
Real Self Idealized Self-image

State of stuckness where an individual

have difficulties to know how to go on in
life, feeling out of place, unfamiliar, or
not at home.

“DESPISED SELF”
 If the anxiety is battled?

Anxiety
Point A --------------- Point B
Actualization
Real Self Idealized Self-image

You must create a rational, optimistic

and worthwhile standard for yourself to
achieve your ideal self.

“Healthy SELF”
 If the anxiety is battled?

Anxiety
Point A --------------- Point B
Self-awareness
Real Self Idealized Self-image

You must create a rational, optimistic

and worthwhile standard for yourself to
achieve your ideal self.

“Healthy SELF” = A SELF-CONFIDENT

According to Carl Rogers, self-actualization requires a state of congruence
within the individual. When the 'ideal self' and the real (self-image)
experience are in sync, congruence exists. Thus, you build more self-
esteem, self-efficacy that leads to Self-CONFIDENCE
 Self-esteem
Feelings of worthiness

Refers to fleeting emotions or emotional

reactions to happy and negative occurrences
that make us feel good or awful about
ourselves throughout these situations or
experiences.
 Self-efficacy
Feelings that you can succeed

The belief that they are capable of taking

measures that will result in the desired outcome.
It is a measurement of one's ability to achieve a
goal.

Belief about one’s ability to perform and

accomplished a task or what was promise or
committed.
 Self-confidence
Feelings of strength within
Self-esteem + Self-efficacy = Self-confidence

Belief in one’s personal worth and in one’s

ability to succeed and face certain situations
in life.
Tips on how to battle
anxiety and build that
congruency
 Make peace with your ideal self.

When shaping your ideal self, do it with love and kindness by

setting realistic standards. Rigid expectations set you up to
fail, whereas flexible yet challenging standards help you strive
towards growth.

Battle your “SHOULDS” with this question “how come?” or

“bakit ko ba to ginagawa?”
 Focus on improvement and not on
perfection

Accept that there’s room to grow, changes and improvement

without judging where you’re at right now.

“Okay lang magkamali basta may natutunan ka!”

 Stop Comparing Yourself w/ others

I want you to STOP envying yourself with others. STOP

comparing yourself, you may become desperate, hateful,
bitter and focus more on life’s injustices and unfairness
 Be THANKFUL everyday

Gratitude is a great way to combat self-comparison and

appreciation from your progress. It’s linked to increased
happiness, improved health, and even better relationships.

You are fortunate to have what you have, and deserve to reap the
benefits from feeling that gratitude.