Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University

COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
Marawi City

Student’s Name: Isul, Muhmina Subject: Care of Clients with Maladaptive Behavior-Chronic and Acute (Lecture)
Luma, Hamima
Lumotac, Mary Ann Instructor: Prof. Iman U. Matumadi
Macalaba, Norhanisah
Macawadib, Jamil Hussien
Mama, Naipah A.
Mangondato, Ashmara

Topic: Personality Disorder

General Objectives: Within 10 minutes of our discussion, the learners will be able to learn various concepts about Personality Disorders such as its different types, causes and
treatment.

Learning Assigned student Time

Content Method REFERENCES EVALUATION
Outcomes Frame
Assalamualaikum and good afternoon everyone, we will be talking about Naipah A. Mamao 3 mins Lecture Sadock, B. & Sadock, V. (200). The listener
different personality disorders. Kaplan & Sadock’s learns about
Comprehensive Textbook of basic concepts
What is personality disorder? It is a type of disorder that manifests through a Psychiatry. 7th ed. Lippincott of Personality
person’s perception, attitude, and emotions. It is divided into three clusters by Williams & Wilkins Publishers. Disorder.
DSM-IV-TR. With each cluster having its set of personality disorders.
Although some of the manifestations of this disorder may appear in certain Townsend, M. (2011). Nursing
individual, it only becomes a disorder when these traits become inflexible and Diagnoses in Psychiatric
maladaptive to the point that it results to functional impairment or subjective Nursing. 8th ed. F.A. Davis
distress. In cluster A, we will discuss about three personality disorders. Company
Paranoia, Schizotypal, and Schizoid.
The patient will “Good day everyone, I am Muhmina M. Isul, a student nurse from Mindanao 20 minutes Verbal Muhmina https://www.webmd.com/mental The patient
be able to State University- Main Campus, Marawi City College of Health Sciences and Commun M. Isul -health/paranoid-personality- understood the
understand the I will be discussing about Paranoid Personality Disorder.” ication disorder therapy and is
 definition, very cooperative
causes, “Okay, so moving on to the topic, let me first define it.” and responsive
symptoms, during the
treatment and What is Paranoid Personality Disorder? session.
prevention of
Paranoid Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is one of a group of conditions called
Personality "Cluster A" personality disorders which involve odd or eccentric ways of
Disorder. thinking. People with PPD also suffer from paranoia, an unrelenting mistrust and
suspicion of others, even when there is no reason to be suspicious.
This disorder usually begins by early adulthood and appears to be more common
in men than in women.

What Are the Symptoms of Paranoid Personality Disorder?

People with PPD are always on guard, believing that others are constantly trying
to demean, harm, or threaten them. These generally unfounded beliefs, as well as
their habits of blame and distrust, might interfere with their ability to form close
relationships. People with this disorder:

• Doubt the commitment, loyalty, or trustworthiness of others, believing

others are using or deceiving them
• Are reluctant to confide in others or reveal personal information due to a
fear that the information will be used against them
• Are unforgiving and hold grudges
• Are hypersensitive and take criticism poorly
• Read hidden meanings in the innocent remarks or casual looks of others
• Perceive attacks on their character that are not apparent to others; they
generally react with anger and are quick to retaliate
• Have recurrent suspicions, without reason, that their spouses or lovers are
being unfaithful
• Are generally cold and distant in their relationships with others, and might
become controlling and jealous
• Cannot see their role in problems or conflicts and believe they are always
right
• Have difficulty relaxing
• Are hostile, stubborn, and argumentative.
What Causes Paranoid Personality Disorder?
The exact cause of PPD is not known, but it likely involves a combination of
biological and psychological factors. The fact that PPD is more common in
people who have close relatives with schizophrenia suggests a genetic link
between the two disorders. Early childhood experiences, including physical or
emotional trauma, are also suspected to play a role in the development of PPD.

How Is Paranoid Personality Disorder Diagnosed?

If physical symptoms are present, the doctor will begin an evaluation by
performing a complete medical and psychiatric history and, if indicated,
a physical exam. Although there are no laboratory tests to specifically diagnose
personality disorders, the doctor might use various diagnostic tests to rule out
physical illness as the cause of the symptoms.
If the doctor finds no physical reason for the symptoms, they might refer the
person to a psychiatrist or psychologist, health care professionals who are
specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. Psychiatrists and
psychologists use specially designed interview and assessment tools to evaluate a
person for a personality disorder.

How Is Paranoid Personality Disorder Treated?

People with PPD often do not seek treatment on their own because they do not
see themselves as having a problem. When treatment is sought, psychotherapy (a
form of counseling) is the treatment of choice for PPD. Treatment likely will
focus on increasing general coping skills, as well as on improving social
interaction, communication, and self-esteem.
Because trust is an important factor of psychotherapy, treatment is challenging
since people with PPD have such distrust of others. As a result, many people with
PPD do not follow their treatment plan.
Medication generally is not a major focus of treatment for PPD.
However, medications, such as anti-anxiety, antidepressant or antipsychotic
drugs, might be prescribed if the person's symptoms are extreme, or if they also
suffer from an associated psychological problem, such as anxiety or depression.
At the end of the Another kind of personality disorders under this cluster are the Schizoid and Naipah A. Mamao 10 mins Discussio Sadock, B. & Sadock, V. (200). The listeners are
lecture the Schizotypal Personality Disorders. ns Kaplan & Sadock’s able to identify
listeners will be Comprehensive Textbook of Schizoid and
able to identify Schizoid personality is characterized by voluntary detachment from social Psychiatry. 7th ed. Lippincott Schizotypal
Schizoid and relationship. The person becomes loner with no interest in relationship either Williams & Wilkins Publishers. Personality
Schizotypal romantic or sexual relationship. However, unlike the other disorder, this Disorders.
Personality actually has no DSM classification. Person with schizoid doesn’t find it hard to Townsend, M. (2011). Nursing
Disorders. function, only that he/she prefers to work alone and don’t want any involvement Diagnoses in Psychiatric
with people. So, they are indifferent t praise or criticism. They just don’t care. Nursing. 8th ed. F.A. Davis
Company
On the other hand, persons with Schizotypal Personality Disorder are
characterized with having odd way of thinking. They have unusual perception
and magical thinking. Therefore they are sometimes confused with
schizophrenic persons. For them, everything has a special meaning intended
only for them such as if there is a news which are completely unrelated to them
they would think that it is connected to them. Their appearance are odd and they
also experience other manifestations such as paranoia and believing that they
are hearing or seeing things. Another one is that they may also have psychotic
phases. However, compare to other disorders such as schizophrenia and
paranoia, schizotypal person can still be talked out of his unusual belief
although not all the time. This condition is more common is male than females
and that this illness has a high comorbid with schizophrenia, borderline
personality disorder, and paranoia.
As for the treatment of these personality disorders: Hussien 5-10 PPT https://www.medicalnewstoday.
Macawadib minutes presentati com/articles/320508?fbclid=Iw
the most common form of talking therapy for paranoia is cognitive on AR1LlpivvRpAnaiBi-
behavioural therapy (CBT). During CBT, you will examine the way you think VVhJASXwjsKJtwF3rrOl6ZQ0
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and the evidence for your beliefs and look for different possible
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interpretations. CBT can also help reduce worry and anxiety that may
influence and increase feelings of paranoia.

• Talk therapy (psychotherapy). Psychotherapy can be helpful.

 • Group therapy. A goal of individual treatment may be a group setting
in which you can interact with others who are also practicing new
interpersonal skills.
• Medications.

Treatment for schizotypal personality disorder often includes a combination of

psychotherapy and medication. Many people can be helped by work and
social activities that are a fit for their personality styles.

Will be able to: Japar: Luma, Mangondato, and I will be the presenters for the Cluster B Ashmara 20 mins Discussio
personality disorders. Ang unang magdidiscuss ay si Ms. Mangondato. Mangondato n with
• Identify Mangondato: Hello everyone. Here in the personality disorder cluster B, people Ppt
different appear to be dramatic, intensely emotional in responding to things. This Cluster Janimah Japar presentati
personalit B personality disorders affect a person’s emotions and behaviors, leading to on
y actions that others tend to consider dramatic, overly emotional or erratic. There Hamima Luma
disorders are 4 types for this cluster, each with different set of diagnostic criteria and
under treatments such as antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality
Cluster B disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder.
Let us learn their differences. Let us start with the antisocial personality
Learn Cluster B disorder. People with this type of PD, does not show remorse. They may act
personality indifferent to the outcomes of hurtful actions or rationalize the reasons for
disorder signs harming or deceiving others.
and symptoms, People with this PD, shows the following symptoms/characteristics:
and treatments • Lying;
• violation of the right of others;
• rationalization of own behavior
• thrill-seeking behaviors;
• poor work history and;
• consistent irresponsibility.

Our nursing interventions for these people are:

• to promote responsible behavior,
• limit setting,
 • consistent adherence to rules and treatment plan or the nurse should
not become angry or respond harshly or punitively and
• confront technique designed to manage manipulative or deceptive
behavior.
Second to the Antisocial PD, is the borderline personality disorder. People with
this behavior with intense anger or sadness in situations that others would not
consider distressing. This can cause difficulties in relationships and can
contribute to a poor self-image.
Symptoms/Characteristics
• Fear of abandonment, real or perceived
• Unstable and intense relationship
• Recurrent self-mutilating behavior or suicidal threats or gestures
• Transient psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, demanding self-harm
Nursing Interventions
• Promote client's safety
• Helping clients to cope and control emotions
• Cognitive restructuring techniques
• Structure the time
• Teach social skills
Japar: Now let us now learn about Histrionic personality disorder. A person
with this disorder tends to believe that their behavior is typical and may not see
that it causes problems.
People often receive the diagnosis later in life, after their patterns of behavior
have interfered with their personal or professional relationships.
Symptoms/Characteristics
• With a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking
• Clients are overly concerned with impressing others with their appearance
• Dress and flirtatious behavior are not limited to social situations or
relationships but also occur in occupations and professional settings
Nursing Interventions
• It would be more acceptable to stand at least 2 feet away from them and to
shake hands,
• Teaching social skills and role-playing those skills in a safe, non-threatening
environment can help clients to gain confidence in their ability to interact
socially
• Provide factual feedback about behavior.
Luma: Now for the last PD, is the narcissistic personality disorder. People with
this condition typically have vulnerable self-esteem and are sensitive to
criticism or defeat, though this may not show outwardly.
Symptoms/Characteristics

• He has a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, heed for admiration, and lack of

empathy for others

Nursing Intervention

• Provide a matter-of-fact approach

• The nurse must not internalize such criticism or take it personally
• She sets limits to rude or verbally abusive behavior and explains his or her
expectations from the clients.
• Teach client any needed self-care skills
Researchers do not know the exact causes of personality disorders. It is likely
that both environmental and genetic factors play a role.
Many individuals with personality disorders have a history of traumatic
experiences, and many have close family members with mental health
conditions.
For example, studies suggest that 70%Trusted Source of people with borderline
personality disorder have experienced mistreatment during childhood, such as
physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect.
Japar: Mental health professionals can diagnose personality disorders with an
in-depth interview.
They will ask the person about their clinical history, experiences, emotions, and
behaviors. They may also speak with the person’s family, partner, or others who
are close.
As part of the diagnostic process, the mental health professional will gather
information about the person’s:
• life experiences
• thoughts and thought patterns
• emotions and moods
• behaviors and reactions in various situations
Mangondato: While there is no cure for a personality disorder, treatments can
help manage distressing emotions and behaviors and reduce harmful actions.
 The symptoms of some personality disorders naturally reduce with age. For
instance, the features of antisocial personality disorder tend to peak during early
adulthood and become less disruptive over time.
With the right support, many people with cluster B personality disorders
maintain healthy, happy relationships.
For the summary, Cluster B personality disorders affect a person’s emotions
and behaviors. They are characterized by actions that others see as dramatic,
overly emotional, or erratic.
While there is no cure, treatments can help people manage their moods, change
disruptive behaviors, and treat co-occurring problems, such as anxiety and
depression.
Also, various online resources can help family members and friends learn to
support people with mental health conditions while looking after themselves.
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treatment, and What is Dependent Personality Disorder? session.
prevention of It is a type of anxious personality disorder. People with DPD often feel
Dependent helpless, submissive, or incapable of taking care of themselves. They may
Personality have trouble making simple decisions. But, with help, someone with a
Disorder (DPD). dependent personality can learn self-confidence and self-reliance.
Dependent personality disorder (DPD) usually starts during childhood or by
the age of 29. People with DPD have an overwhelming need to have others
take care of them. Often, a person with DPD relies on people close to them for
their emotional or physical needs. Others may describe them as needy or
clingy.
People with DPD may believe they can’t take care of themselves. They may
have trouble making everyday decisions, such as what to wear, without others’
reassurance.

What causes dependent personality disorder?

Experts have found DPD is more likely in people with life experiences,
including:
o Abusive relationships: People who have history of abusive relationships
have a higher risk of a DPD diagnosis.
o Childhood trauma: Children who have experienced child abuse (including
verbal abuse) or neglect may develop DPD. It may also affect people who
experienced a life-threatening illness during childhood.
o Family history: Someone with a family member who has DPD or another
anxiety disorder may be more likely to have a DPD diagnosis.
o Certain cultural or religious practices that emphasize reliance on authority.
But passivity or politeness alone is not a sign of DPD.

What are the symptoms of dependent personality disorder?

Someone with DPD may have several symptoms, including:
o Avoidance of personal responsibility.
o Difficult being alone.
o Fear of abandonment and a sense of helplessness when relationships end.
o Oversensitivity to criticism.
o Pessimism and lack of self-confidence.
o Trouble making everyday decisions.

How can I manage or treat dependent personality disorder?

A mental health provider can help you manage DPD. You may have
psychotherapy (talk therapy) such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
This care teaches you new ways to handle difficult situations. Psychotherapy
and CBT can take time before you start to feel better.
With psychotherapy and CBT, your provider guides you to improve your self-
confidence. You’ll work to become more active and self-reliant. Your
provider will also talk to you about finding more positive relationships. A self-
confidence and help you overcome some of the symptoms of DPD.

Can dependent personality disorder be prevented?

You may not be able to prevent DPD. But treatment can help people at risk for
developing the disorder find ways to avoid or handle difficult situations.
Some studies have shown that healthy relationships may help prevent the child
from developing DPD later in life. If a child has even one strong relationship
with a friend, parent, or teacher, it can counter others’ harmful effects.

When should I see a healthcare provider about dependent personality

disorder?
Your healthcare provider can help you decide if you need to see a mental
health professional. Some reasons to talk about your mental health with your
provider include:
o Frequent feelings of anxiety.
o Irritability or moodiness.
o Loss or change in appetite.
o Persistent negative thoughts about yourself.
o Trouble concentrating.