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Pl ey ef - ~ eS clatun econe TS pS) eS LLG © me etl droit! ronnie AB 9 LS geod y bed pond 669... 669 Clad pall e 669 Cale GLAS OS at 674 pel ollage fd pdt olates — ce Hae gh yoenill Ot Slt eM dyad! pol — 5b yeolly oaySII for glyenill ot gid — PM ee dyeall oA gldh - TOD enone FOE or oo Gh @ 704 OLS & waly ott — 706 2 Lo MW deadly lb 4b JAN Gat Le — 26708 ... oe gh Spe) op Sl — i: epi’ Oya) peat TNT «Speed pol pelt TAT oo vas At Lnfne © - papell pl o oleh — TA. sn OMAN 3b Leal — 723 ow $ pela 33 Zeal — oe Sjall AS pall Gly yale sa Syd Dey yell cpl gal ae Slated — = GAN Oy sell apry — om Spall pl aly c pall has g - 728 T29 on . 733 oan ogg Bey Ola ol — TBS un owrlne © 736 colic Opty tots padi a Me per ALLS wn Lite ©paply tyll dbl @ OS os - SSA Jeet — coe acl Tbe ao yo — ppl Bley By) pl de yo le loll — pol bs — pall fale — 740 750 vn Sagal, dtast plKel — daze tle free od ot Soe] — 782 Boy ple Uabea 5 pee ol fal ye — aslo TSA ce wn Ql pelt @ Cypially Ss peat dene Ble eye SM cle W— 28773 ... 774 ... poly! Gd OS © eld Bb OSM Spall opal gl — OS call Oy alt — urbles oby9 3 oS po thy sip o 781 .. Uy yt Gb] — 781 ... me ate ©oT ob Re FER A SO pb oo Sly te La (Ltt eg gS oS Soll ey aye ge Shee GAS gel Le AY AKtily Le pily aly) WAS La-'Y (Euphorbia esula) _((Courtesy of M. Arif Hayat.) . jpeg ate Viy GI Oltnedhlly 2IN adil Ugllgel Ailbys LyaSp — Atl Abed The plant cell - structure and function of its parts Introduction dato Wid yw aga chal ose Ay ASA piles py Olt Te plas JS fant bral! ele oie OV Se Sys ty Se Lyk, ccells SUL Se LS Baal LSS OLS 3 UGS steel SL alot dae WRT OLE Gg ileedll laa feadee SIS Elba c( Sbedaly Sly GIN “gel A ALA tod dy Ge ALU of Jo Lae Ge LT le Rad WE ys pol oly ill AS yl | golates age CSG pel is VEU ye hake yd Ul ody HOWL MN de clay jaa baal Po et hele lpety Shy ill AU wel Slade dean gil Jy dol Vagaled Slo Boy Lyleel Sar Y JIG Spal 3 ee cobdee SIKa 5 oe de tase SL Sy pe I SAI Lele WE gy SS Sl G rogtl Guedl of Gun teat Be pike Gl Spat GIS Heep LILIA slyly Ll Ba OLS” Mia on pall dia! J gpl EU N 3 pally, WSS SF es ee poe Webel GL AB Baws fy gle cold clizel ally Sele OLS! ETSY 3 beds UG LES Cog Cell wall HLS! ye Lah tales Qe God Ors CANIS IS ALG Sle apey ae 31Raw Alas Id Opel aa Badd TAG BE oy GA ey eT J exoskeleton Aryl OSG of Le dale ode olyet mie Bt [Rt tpl od WG La Yd LL Lacy endoskeleton A112 3 Wed) Ba Spd oll FBS per GH ALS ley pr he OS bbws Abe JS lll ot Sekt EAN ABS op mb Ie RES sla UT dey (le oxy cdslyoal Bie eller] SUS a» . protoplast yd Gyadl AL oy oll ful Sad AB CUS NV cee ob bs ll AL! SUSI Leedtey dled! siLadis Lesleul Bde Seat) ope OSs, LS «cellulose jy ys enh ELST jae OS photosynthesis (Spall sll Aber 3 ety GH St) Shy oy YI de Baky p28 ead FS WEI id SLES SU Roy Byne SP BS crt crney ces ipglenety BSL lS jylltt WEN ple Gi deg lL! OlStl Cell wall formation EU! yober 455 silat pall pL eM yplll Joke LABS joe G9 fay slp of 21 LSS 3 BOY .(21 [Sry Telophase jb ptt A 5 nal! 32oi epee W Ronin ony de eS gs AM wo Sry Seal ow Hype ed JRE NaN aM adh lal Spend) FEF dental! ead Eat) Gall Le ec Aye Sa Lee ay eS lel WN fied be fad Seall LL die Rese AS 2) ly UA eta Lyle I bade oe ostpnll Boye ye oi Uo sel gale ell Last) le Sbelia]y Rigo IS ge AULT Oy tad (After K. Porter and R. Machado. 1960. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 7:167) Badd ape pi wails ly 33bu cI} Lis} 5 endoplasmic reticulum Lapp! by SD dys BEE by Sl ode OF Opto ada, jaglt yyb IME UB op day OF g-Saz emiddie lamella (clauyi Lad! gf cell plate USN) mse cyySS Sp gl WRI ly GheLs BI SSL) ye lagi Geb! of ates SIS ele) calcium pectate gpI OL ye Robt Live, Sol, ae LEA TLS any glee! ELI 3 AS ope (UES Gael OLyd > eres Lal ys HLS pte Ce aa FI oe arly LEW Lgnole JES all ode. dau! dbl ESI sly gle) Cotas LAS YbL yy due Und 41 Je G Nell on TIN EB sgl srl ope Ray AS Leth oS «Spall Boece thay daiggle IRAE F Spkuall Sl petll dane Sas cggitl +06) Tigghny Uaengia MEA jptvall Sloat) songs Geta ad LIBS phe SF oF OSM LAIN site, + site of spattesis py pl ble Che te pe elly LO jue Gaile Doe SUN GG Gey UE ESI pe fhe Dhl of dey By SI Sy Sal LMS phe oe 9SF «(43 29 28 27) puss pl BH op talc dell an Vgbtal cLbul an hall oust ods goby of Ai, eed SUN B Sue UE jue oy SF OF Lene tsa oda gle an Sea Sib G5 32) pind! [lec5 plasmodesmata tj goad! b sl Sols UIE he ob Ske 5 heal ol pet oy SF oT ypbizay clelll aoe e385 LAW LN oy) JS Ls 6) ppdagtenll oye Lheaiee ey LB dell on SE ys Gee gl SUN oda I Jes Ul SH9 Jar We ub es an eM sant ey spt shar on bb iy a of he 1 pt ey shee: 41 J LBS Nat EF eget b (after A. Wardrop and A. Bland, 1959. Proc. 4th Intl, Congr. of Biochem, 2:76 New York: Pergamon Press).(40,39) Whaley ct al ane sy y cg dea jy gtendl by sal Joie Sis Yi be zde ca endoplasmic reticulum 4. j>4 UY 2S AI) Wb] deal i Vy LeT OF pba cabal yo 15° alti Lis | protoplast 2,9) G1 dU! an Sst] oh Ma gad Lily [Sy deg i geall ol atl Ledbetter and 3 yy +3 ¢ 3Y le aad Ad ce ell GS OLS A pus fd microtubules 3 pre Ctl ayey tae Lue (22) Porter pte fe Cede ta gs 8 hall UY odie (5 JR) clad dee Jae Bi paeall Olathe Gee yy WET pte Gh sell GUle 2st BB pheall bN B tly Be Cul dey YO ed epee Byte GW guj UD gle Baby 5 dual ot atl BD) Len So the OF Og areal Ohad OT oy ty colchicine Cell membrane Abad! ste ph pb Jad Sy dase tet) ope pled EL Jar baad of ee ISL a Spt op slot Genin ELIT oe 5 ar pall al pall lane ALI the Of Leb Oye pall aly Upto ad ol ob al La JS Ligh gee da Bangg of SSN tad Abul tidal jb 3 OS Sp protoplast yg dly Lasreay Jl ope LL sled geile Gch Lakajoy sf coll membrane GLb) elie (ey LEW LG ples 35, clic) ob tee fhe Lage deal) Gall OS" ll Lis Stal plasmalemma wy clea of Sy of ches peel Ob owy Desell Ge LAL op tod lp le bibuy Carts Sad GB pKa ay Lydd Tlalpan pyle Els elte defferentially permeable y3UiS) jeer Alb LAE ALAN oy go] ob pall AUS gle Bala Ly den piney ALT Joel> Go) SUadL ob pl aad aes lg Laer ge cen Tle foto gf SUEY ol pall dant emmy Gl Le 38Be jLaM ela Ube od ple oe GU gy IY Sy Sell ow Types 1S JSD vse all Lal) ajly WIS et Was Sa Ete Oelisl (Courtesy of M.C. Ledbetter, Brookhaven National Laboratory.) NGS yo EA Jol S15 ot Cow yy pill Bide! polall aw Se eleall Of AU pgelly LUIS ge Ul Lemeall Bb ooyeye a bee bel peste! I ULI OLS pl I pt eS” I ee kK]| Povote™ | ‘bb 8 | 1 SE eS oy AN LE CS Ot ee ey 164 JSS cele ge ody die gp daly ese ails Spall B yal (After J. Robertson. 1962, Sci. Amer. 206 (4):64.) GN pS Sed) Deel sell ye cl pet GS SAS Tren tered Sor Ebb ole Sy agl Lot gh Og) BIPSY Go yKry Seal Slee yell Ge eaten 3p lipoprotein 2a gdyy at aos tthydy Was Kul ole pos cdot verdad 6 op Lida, Obl oral op op ote BLERSN cs pe fey cn gh ATS Ly ii eltall EL ot 5 (1)Robertson 6-1 JRE Inclusions of cytoplasm 354 gow!) Gy gous Endoplasmic reticulum 44394 9.81 421 Fa yey Lblics meristematic cell dae pI LI (Dose! sengastoplasm @ 30 yaar pM gh Lj VASE aed obbay abba SLAb Katy [Sy lipoprotein ons oy yp AT tite, thas pull oe olee SIE et OF Sey La glee Glo babe Hw! att of ee slghtsl Gane pall J EES) bs 40Jay nuclear membrane Rags ESN pe posed A jh tH wW Ol panll gb Soe y we os Wie! 3. 41.638) dal cle GL 40 39) 3 yglealt LSS! CL bar bleh, ued) Gad Uyak ah tt eet Ob ene J) ty Lat 40.39) Whaley et al ane gy hy OF Lee AAS pe gery Hy) bye cele hat ah ul at Fagl OB ayglell LAM PALE Gy as Hy jDk wh tN bot ae vpthe Shea De 3 aed Of Sar gale yale eB aja SAI 65 OF Sig la BE oy AS SS by BETIS Sh sell pent Leth a phe Opnb te pee Gs Jl pidge OF Sar Jeli ate gf dyes Oli] Cl pndll oda pels “Bel oe La BE LA tage Cal Lg 5 alll ode lye Gale of ear Feijen he hana hl Jal ES ipeal tage coe batt eld Gail oly Uae Ol ES Sb pdt il Mitochondrion 4% AS geal! WAN byes ol ye tele pst de BS’ peal Clee cal lI acts LAS gel Lib yy Qo Mell JR de Labbe of teal es JS ste Syl bing Leth ste Bl pey page vptll le ead GB nail) Yt call Yiby oo Buse poe Of Lam : Energy transfer in mitochondria 4yjAS'tealt gb GUI Stat Lge Gane NE Wg iS Lead Layee LB OB Merce! SU! Bae pall LAT US le Sle cA LEU powerhouse (ill) AS 5 taowey BIEN BS BAT Sy Lae Lad BL 3S STE! eg Opethy iy coded LL San, Late Tee ast 41$y AY bm Salts ide lb glk Gal bl aly Sly io hels thay US J of ale Se Gf Ob Gls te Kw) Cone yall Lay on gp Seis TUN GIL plea 4 juS tat adenosine vi yi) SM coe gue ga Ubud ode 8 OS ps pal itbIL LBM] ep Say of ES aI Ne Gg Bilal! oy 507 854 (ATP) triphosphate Ope ATP 03) Ib CLag ol UL Ortele 9 Lplenty Vile cles Al ghia 3 Glhyy 4st) CaS A U2 pai Lica : Mitochondrion morphology % AS teal) gall! JS tt po Ne Lage Sale sy ASI Ke Sead Mged Lo ell cel Le Sy gah 93 clte + 0 Sy pleomorphic SIEM te Wis ade Let! eLaw! o +H0.3 NN 0.2 rt damm oo glary matrix dot) hat GEIL eel Gane LLY! obs Gay tall Gea fol ols ceed HLA LA Lo all Ulatl ode se Naga oe elit Leal A(T JRe) cristae eS lee a at Ud OV LAY oy Si rin BS GG Ue Sl bil) chloroplasts el wad) SA 3 lamellas system tlixall steely hel epee hyo) aid OG of yRy (10 ad ee Cay Importance of structural organization (pss! 4S ll Leal cin ae Hy yhS eal Spec GL ees ATL ties! ASAI We aby IS ool BS BIE Go at of ees oUt! ob ge egy) Lee CSF ARE Lue Gi (ATP 92 55) Gy ytil ele eam, Seal GG Sabre oll Krebs cycle aS 3yy9 Melt LEU ode J Lela GLa pW of as 45) 792 pl elt OSS OF Le ye Ob PUN LHL edt oye Tyger Groen (Say 42Cr AEN AY heii I Iyb CU cet ott pny tT JS eh eLeal ee Sb sf ia wall Yletlly cect cdl A 59 BST SCL Graney 6B OF ech atl al jel = 0716) Yl ayaa clas OY slur sds of as : origin of mitochondria i yt:S'tyal) Ute Col cay SLs ale Mle ly ey pb Ky Ut tewll Le Hy Se OT gly oye GI) Whaley et al ane cyoy hy Heh Beall op SE Ss io (Fae i a BN be ye 8 Latte) 4a «fa Lod apladi] Ue 9 05 at Sue (Courtesy of M. Arif Hayat, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio.)a1 gl ge 9 (13) Golgi apparatus Jou yr Slr Bl SSE) pads 35 Uf ySu oath ey cz i ial. Wy honed glans GT aiced (20.19) nucleus EMS LEE oy OSS OF yKay HLS teal! OF (6) Ben Geren and Schmidt (14) SEY 6 poi ee peer BAT eal OF Ogi elabell ae OF BSN ol) Ble ald) go SY yall AG of o paceat deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) DIS 53 py OS p> Gaal Ee gy pull Ti bS eel J Lie y ribonucleic acid (RNA) BIS 3 x2) ules Cty legal By AI 3 eee Mee cave) ped + G4 .:25 12) OF Lhd oy ASU aba pheedI J sprog Gye ols cody yl Turnip iN Mung bean cial ld pol c+ J patel 4S eal! DNA or Upaiall aa DNA 26 bss Onion Jad! y Sweet potato UsUasl, +4) SUS nt Chloroplast ¢\ wasS! 5.4201 cle Syed BW OF Joly ade ol pas! BLU dig’ yy OS «Photosynthesis J pall J.tasi Golgi apparatus on yr Sly Sr I lee Sher ogy BAS OS Sol CL LU Ser Seal ddr g poy IIS GUS ny LS Golgi complex (ad ym Ol JS2) aged de ch de od GA GALS cod yr jler + Stmeture of Golgt apparatus mt ye jlgr OS J edi) ee oe a lee op Ss Bpael peall G Ly flo baie vesicles Sua ye Le yoney cistemae Loa AbLati 9 hey Earth Le Ble Spe Ole pee G4 ol 44scone beh he oe Ghd Gal ye Oka: y= (39:40) Whaley et all Kae wie Stel op gh Doha ll of ay Tad Gd Ls SN cL LA ety alee ole Ex TSty Gonhe Let galt Gaeu Lebat of gate (18) elle) Gae tess! Small rhea of ash WIS cLabll Mya gdh Yl pS Lge ge gent Pe ode er gente ob Ker Gaye Legh heegl Function of Golgy apparatus yr jlur tab, west OF he Mig) LE UL fat ob Gale jhe SL A UpdS! Lbs colo Le GG Dyes eahy Kay ot Lee casiaby +" (Courtesy of M. Arif Hayat, 4 University of Dayton, Dayton, .” Ohio.)able GF Sa ol bed Gale shee WE OS Gay GS fey al Eda oda 3 ele J OS of opis 41) ALI jltee oy SS LDV LAN ee Lots: Microsome (ribosome) (apap sl) ape 9 Seal! Stet Sell ad Lay Se placed IG Lae Soe (41) Whaley et al ae ceay coy (SG ped (101 JS2) Sly epest 1S y ALY RNA oy %050-40 le spre Pagel oe tee Sel tra Sesl) Els Lyd l Spall go %50 cles LSI ory on phospholipid = gp plSuiqay Sytem cp Say adnay pS WY pes GALI yy dl anLall yo RNA .ribonucleo - protein complex ee YS Shape Salt of Gali) I) Lasso tage ead gy SS Coty Lee tee Cad AIS a dl py 3 ple ASI yp UpaiS) lye Sa eae . ae othe aie ape aN gary Seal Se Dy SH eg alt pled a tah The gy Nye 11 JS seg gb sa lege a fh aU dae) ait st (Countesy of M. Arif Hayat, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio.) 46GLAM 9 bapepell fe dal pill Bpevall LES! (3: Vacuole 5p iti Beige elyall Le pple deples ple ary GIA neal ode cli Licks fee rp Seng Seat Cot glad OLE esdLayienll ey pre GS LIS cola Ga jal Lal! poi ar Ball Sally Spell OS Yee a Qed Gall Leal TAS Lab LS jal le baice pdlyeall UAT oda GG dL Gla s(el JR2) Spat Se the Span ll aah cath oa doy eLtae @ ill op Ege ipl Sie Tae pg) ley suspension dilas gf sotution dylae 3 Suto aly a differentially 431i!) pros dpm) cled cA) lee fe .cell sap Abt +. permeable aid (ple Libel seul isl Tag SY!) CLS dl OS seladl AS > 3 p-Soudly tes yy yo sll turgor pressure cus DE Lapel BLM) SUIS aly le Gow LN Jil of ee TeglS Jaw LUIS dpnall of es Opal FLAN cil) Gaal sRygdl GELS! oy teal! sly) sink Nucleus l,_+_J} code Led ly 1835 Zw J Robert Brown dj, Spuy Ystst ine Wai ee Lball e Jie 4] Sd oe OT Clee! oy ahah i ng § So dps Se Ab) olbLy Uh Oo Say at ag AL gd dyed! Hetil JS OS IB phe jos tt oli ABS kasd i Soe Jb BES DL 5S FG peer Hell tena pall IA bysaes dase! MG Cite bo dayrye alll eel! Gall ALT ay BN ode Cos SUG tadalin gh algdl (le dey Spall sladl le 47lon Koll ai Lae, aber Sallg iyo Mb JSS Ube goad hch Tawi Shobmall oe Gaia sb alll Le ay Git Spey (gl Let) oye ery Lata WIS ail He DA SL teh ym eb Det (After W. Whaley et al. 1960. Am, J. Botany 74:401) 48BN 6 VW js peel oly goee lbs Nuclear membrane sly ot eLaz CaM dl fads EL eLAP gue oS yg ASF catch oy ely ibbw est Ly (Nucleoplasm ¢ a ylS'y5) Laer Salat de TSN er pasae LEAN SF al pll Le cy gle B25 yh Kal Sbelll op goF ate de SFG pw Api elEE Ly cae De AVI e(UeL JR y piles east of cel y Sly OM tm I Gat ib cl onde daa AT fo Sle] (SMT sally (SD gle CaS Ble oye (IL sAT gall Oy Sep 1 Newleoptasm @; oy pol Sy ott bye yt Op SS HS al SSL structureless GAS 7 6 33k. structural ct GSAS Mis chromatin network aziley SH AS ASG Gp AS yl ChB Yh ye be dase Sably Sle ge yey SS ISAS elle (/ gS gl LS dare BLS 6 (IT gold ESF A BL LL gy pd oll Lad sl tale B3L ode Ts 5 iT eS pe ALY stu enuclear sap aiydl foley Vi ee Mis Bags pia plo gal GSI OS Al gle alee Spratly Opal oe Te OLS ath gree on PM dT gel) fad Bro (DBrachet Hy pW IT yeh GF Oo y Gb dole y Wy pind dipeptidase ;sAz.sl> ribonuclease IS yyy) [te GLazl ade wey elk SLi pw 0, SG af Sarg Apt J phosphatase p 5d tah dS sth Pe cra] gl Buoly Ly deg Le all alll (J : Nucteolus yy ot Spd tele fall ie aly Hey erp hdl og Gb dae Sb Bgl jyb SMe OS ad ot aie Sb CaF (ob iat de 49sSoll Ltpe type A LSS jy eae BLL Caley pe men th a IS dl poe pe sl bs iy oS 6 pe ag St cence cre yg SN of gett of Lapa: Lens os Say dhl ; . Lapll pad Op Sa ppepns Ss _ # viaeall Cale aiy be . ve ee (After B. McClintock. 1934, Z. Zellforsch, Mikroskop. Anat. 21:294.) oe tte tl bud Eas LIA SL PLY 5 Telophase he 3 Sy eal Le bel chp ny Sil obs ew Ol (IL JSby yy yh a ySl of ee cosyay RNA ce Vol 055 bel oe Bp GL flat ayes Syp—) RNA pie RNA Caw dy SG of @ aes oll pred ey hag bo Shee ody SSF DL pe yoy SI Ps als an Syl Sigh p95 of Lath B.D SII oS yh) why yl clad ope y Lardy ob UO) obs gue gop J cts 50Preblly preS dy pre e Glyoxysomes peroxisomes and spherosomes La Dh pe Clee petty pepe Sal pee Se oly sli, bls ,microbodies R25 PL Vu Bd oS py bee vupbtl ole gle yes A yaSteall fel aa CLL AY, coll Spee LS oe yg fee eel dee pp La BY celyoxilate cycle LK EH jos Eee OULU ST Coley isocitrate lyase pb cu pte gel (gt Cob Se Bly Lobbdl synthetase pce Cy pew y aconitase 2S Vly malate synthetase j2 erg? ColLlly alycolate oxidase pest AQ Yelly citrate God ey LL alS" catalase ; 10)! malate dehydrogenase 1S) 54 peered! Lae IS) epee La alte FLAT Sp pe Spay Rigby OS of Say Lug ye Wyler stows ote Ge Wye SIS GF ee GU SMe geld SEL Sp pee ell W pp Sl of cai Boye yll BY Syl tell Joe of asl JS ceody Cae Gd te Lbse cphotorespiration ot pall tall ie Ang spall pis do dy Laue of cb cast C1 SV a otha PS rl OF SM OS Soll op Dye pp eS all 213-1 JRE ob Seeys the Fp stall le Cp Eke alpel preg nbell Protease je yD ge CT Hy pyotell jd pteell psi le Bol) tLe Kagel] cesterase 52 24]y phosphatase ; xi 9 5 ribonuclease jIS 5. yy COs Say cad OSG of Se LIS pepe i LIM AAU lysosomes SLs pe penal Le Ly at SL LS pe pee il IS payne Sha SY oe ale ote le Ob ou Ligh ee till 51a yg (phil Beata) pyre Sirell ciyeSIY wry Sy Saal op Hyper 1 1B SSD selpabll OIL dines ysls Ly SS gli lyeSa! . Phleum pratense (timothy) (Courtesy of S. E. Frederick and E, H. Newcomb, University of Wisconsin.) Cpe Sell pe AG OLESE eee obs abe ol Wd JRE bee ye Slag dl Spill ye Dp pe pind Jy SOY Cytoplasmic ground substance eat shu pS edly GSN Gb prdy dow GU ell os BSUS ode WBE den fF pb BLN ode Of ae psd (Gd). aighy Slay pe SS heyy pl OLA NI ee AU oe Syeeill BLA § Lage 52Bae Sail ge Spat pre yet J STY Sag Soll op Type: Med JS (After L. Y. Yatsu and T. J. Jacks. 1972. Plant Physiol. 49:937-943.) lin gl WAS (pty Slo pyruvate Sod y pal oI OUI he y SU ous (J 32 py: hexose monophosphate shunt At] Cot d i ye jp eS gt ean BLOM yy SS pgs UK el Ay etl BL Let ast BBL DF eed (Ce Sb es) 2 SL OLS SI US QV ha Syenill lbs Goll Lebel ily Jaw Glo Lead y pst 5312. REFERENCES Albersheim, P, 1958. Recent developments in the chemistry of cell walls. Plant Physiol. 33 (Suppl.): XIVi-X1Vii. Albersheim, P, 1965. The substructure of the cell wall. In J, Bonner and J. E. Vamer, eds., Plant biochemistry. New York: Academic Press. Barton, A., and G. Causey. 1958. 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Bonner, J. 1965. The nucleus. In ¥, Bonner and J. E, Varner, eds., Plant bio- chemistry. New York: Academic Press, Brachet, J. 1957. Biochemical cytology. New York: Academic Press. Breidenbach, R. W., P, Castelfranco, and R. S. Criddle. 1967. Biogenesis of mitichondria in germinating peanut cotyledons. 11. Changes in cytochromes and mitochondrial DNA. Plant Physiol, 42:1035. Dempsey, E. 1956. Variations in the structure of mitochondria. J. Biophys. Biochem, Cytol. 2 (Suppl.):305. Gibor, A., and S. Granick. 1964. Plastids and mitochondria, Science 145:890. Goodwin, T, W., and E, I, Mercer, 1973, Introduction to plant biochemistry. New York: Pergamon Press. Green, D. 1959. Electron transport and oxidation phosphorylation, Adv. Enzymol. 21:73, Green, D. 1959. Mitochondrial structure and function, In T, Hayashi, ed. Subcellular particles. New York: Ronald Press. Hodge, A., J. McLean, and F. Mercer. 1956. A possible mechanism for the morphogenesis of lamellar systems in plant cells. J. 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Ribosomal ribonucleic acids of chloroplastic and mitochondrial preparations. Plant Physiol. 41:1323, Porter, K., and R. Machado, 1960. Studies on the endoplasmic reticulum. TV. Its form and distribution during mitosis in cells of onion roat tip. J. Biophys, Biochem. Cytol. 7:167. Preston, R. 1955. Microscopic structures of plant cell walls. In W, Rubland, ed., The encyclopedia of plant physiology 1:72, Berlin: Springer. Preston, R. 1955. The submicroscopic structure of plant cell walls. In W. Ruh- land, ed., The encyclopedia of plant physiology 1:731. Berlin: Springer. Preston, R, 1955. Mechanical properties of the cell wall. In W. Rubland, ed., The encylopedia of plant physiology 1:745, Berlin: Springer. Ray, P. 1958. Composition of cell walls of Avena coleoptites. Plant Physiol. 33(Suppl,) :XIVii. Robertson, J, 1962. The membranes of the living cell. Sci. Arm. 206(4) 264, Scott, F., K. Hamner, E. Baker, and E. Bowler. 1956. 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Clghe Sole Properties of solutions, suspensions and colloidal systemns Introduction 4_+S2@s BBL ally II dread bled Gall Goer pet SI why G Lyall Sa Bt LSU YI le Cay RaW! che ot, gab Wiel, Gall GW ols IS oly all alt Aa edt aie ela Meike ee UL cL le asa Ugly oll tat sla oF olell ypill 4 Shea SN NY Jos geal oat of Lule Ce iol AIL Piet of olka) § LB fod Lahn’ bball le 2bu! A Sbjadlly LSM hal Labs ade Sh ls oe Lil! ol cada! iS! Claas, JJoudl Sou (a The nature of solutions \Jlovel! dab she a AAS 8 (QL BBL Sy jy Sy Seglas tials thos ue Ll BAIS TS] SHE GK Syne GN elall Jponsiy Sell pistes wets Gi Sty iL 3S pad OIL be GSES Rede ct Sally Stee ALS tage pT Sylon st iy Sylovall lbs 3 (elu) wed CH lye oo Gln abe UB Ge gy GL) ole lupall obs i5> cists S BS cadtly Lidl vee ol or roth A pba oe ope ot gS ile ble any 13] 1iKey ities wg ab eee ay aly Iyleedl! Laie ae Jyb OS Lage Ca 7Blob bre Slee Sy Cade ol OWL ope tee lake LS) ee Alana Slot days ue 1,53 PS Syl aS WRAY ILI oye pa DAES gr ple 25S oF See LAN ye Lb ane he lanl banca cates Sgn o AA ape II le ape y ee all ot asl ghey penal) yal fee A gl Sl phe Jade dale 2 ni! OW DUB dali 2 Jar So Spe 0 5S oe nb J celal 3 (SLA ela! se sb BBLe bg Sl slally jy Sl glee oe dubs 83t (NaCl) ¢ 2 pall a lS GSI Rall Ly peers! A yh oS te ce ye pall yl espe al cages Mia celal Usb 15 Ss Ll Slee ce Eph He jy Sly ade IS, 112 JRE) de> Splatt Litre pansy te ls ae Types of solutions Stoel ¢ 1 1 SLB Sue dale ys le Sposa Ge fl soldi all Sb bare PS face oll Oh Se Iade Saal Mis ell Gg GL Le US Wa; apy LS ao pr ad LS cll Janet oI YY gas OYE Op SM ayy lS cobs dct 13) dane Sab Zoned lel lel Ugly Late 1A pee peal aa Lag IAL oF oN f carbon tetrachloride celal gy LS ST tye tet Sy gly pet late olutt os shal yy Mya gig IE JS ale egy pall syyll sdgbnall GG Upaal the 58SSL Of pled Latce LS Ley) olgdad” Ppl a 653 OSI de Op SS Lay WE SF abe UBL, SN EK YE yn IE ot tile Loe at the cB hb gk gf edhe UL Bl GV Lb SE GE by he GB GE Ge GE ay Che fle J Ce LALA aw Gand bee GE gy he 3 abl G Solutions of gases in liquids {31 peo a Ada! Oj! floes deny abaghy Uybedll 3 ELall BL Ob} olay 2s pul dys Jb Ble dey aby Alby ONS pe ST OLS Gayl AY 5] oul Be yay Bly bj Ob 35 ope MIDI ce gy Jilly Sal eh Bylo dy BBL; IS ge Gals Ppl og GHW Ob 3d BL od} PHT per SW + 50.04889 64 760 band se Stall fe le see 33 0,03102 6¢°10 ue 5) 0.03891 66 °0 ay > dejo ae ell oy doly Tayler gy Gow OLLI. 6°80 Le J 0.01761 5 6°30 tse 35 0.02608 «¢°20 a Bgl gt CAFU Raa) dale & chee AFL Oby3 COL pA Bye Cj elul, : Effect of pressure Sakall ths Opi GLA Ge SULY Lid ode sail abojh olay Ql Gg B35 AN Ob gill coat Was OF le ay oll Henery’s law gs eld oy Ve a BLa I Bell days ue Cle oe Bods US SAAD tl carne ab Sad AU GW LUD Spall bial 2h Sm OS Bee Dhydl 4rd CA; edd) ar UL Yous al Spr bed ce Lh oe tly dS St ye aly phe Gail 13 al Qe cla oye tol y Sd ghee jl AUS oe Dll 5 ite «(85 p+ 760) (G25 973800) Spr baw te 13] A jl Oly AS ele Gey by cae Og be Gabe 59ell LEB gb Ge 5 bike Cod pF yell Fy SH LST delay Ger Lael Spl Dp tall patty olbaill Las te SU gerd ds OV ye GA) Spb op lela JS le jl -effervescence Ol) iy 3 wy Sylralt op jl! oles BAW! Gan ob 31s ; Nature of the gas and solvent ylally SW tab GU Jer a Att gil Cae og a OU oy OBEY pple lal wll GUY SI tela te OYE) aw FD yg cry Sy, Nie OV Las 607) Cy SH LST ity WH Wy a> Be le Ct ele FOB fa Lake Suk OW GS ob sill Bas jul veleth NH,OH = H,0 + NH, HO, = H,0 + SO, LNHAOH) Lip GuSg pha yo Kall gill clay Uy de LS SSN Ganley OSes) ith cLly oy SI) 4ST gt Ie oy SB nS Jeli Las toe ell gs 20) af Ge .(H2s09 BAS GLA le pee O pili Gla VBL cy ot feel ge ae felis Bf LS Gaal ye Gybb iy Wy cll UL U3 cold ay Ley yted Sp dyleee tie a ge Gully Solutions of liquids in liquids ¢f!1 pS! gb Usldoll fil poll Jolous cell iat Ub ila Ga te ell aay patel J TAL AE Lhe GA pag ISy Ogee coy pele egal ed pS Cf nS lpall obs paar alsin OL Ler ee Sy ob lel 60CSAS schall w {US miscible Oy eur rl ow Ha tel IS elt hy SI “HNO ea ce ee ale Wo 885 cx all cls ie pelt ML Be auf (* (H3PO4) 2h pinill y (H2S04) Bs oh cL ee cee Ct ipl tke Ul Lee ety Sy Sy delm of gdus Bie ob tll whi can. -immiscible Op St Lepee tI ots DUS cee ed oly Spall 3 alist eed cee ST LS ye yall Ole ay OWL o 13) a Lge Lge Go Oly, ODL Bal OS ne SI 8 ay fy By ES gt cole gt ne Go le Ue oF hde BLS Ae Y Upboes ge tle Ua tib IF 00 rare Ohi it a cL ites J glee oo Lill ELI cobs Vide Gy ell 3 ep ite Jybu Ue US! Ebi, Supersaturated solution et dalee (bud! EB pe ate alee Gl ILS oye ae esl 1 lal de dyn Ope) aote Uploe fat ta) af Vols Opa cle gh SF dn i ALS od Sg pd dtp By > dep ae (Ghee Liked) gp plow Lia wlygl Lae le ee oF oye Vy J ges Spry slip dep te be ol Sa Le tT LI of rate ej ayol 13) supersaturated solution cet gates Uybedt MN eps pled Me 25 13 gf etal cakes Uyeda 1G2e Got 93 Syl WU te Ging GIygb tee le ahh Concentration of solutions lead! 5.5 5 SSL AUG jy ye gram molecular weight bs 33Le) wll elpall 65 9h sized! BLU sy Ul Oj) lad owe GF dgle Olly Lan Sootapall al pall Oj ly 180.16 5 Sela UN O5 gH Stel! eee de 61ce ep BL SY tell egal Sigh ple 180.16 yo jy Slt) gles By peels Gin pip Wha BLT LU ye cus 102% 6,02 ae bSlmll 555 op BE Ge LS celal BYU 43 yay Avogadro's number Molar Solutions (42; y¢ (ler) plano Nl aie Ugluda [Slee FOL yWW LY BLS ecg ala) Oi ell oe ASL wT 5] Spb POSSI Syratt Of a gilt Spor pare OS tore ell ail St JL tat foo (cle .33L0SI LUG Gy Molar (M) solution os 5 ys © OB Sploeatl Lin ga holy db epg) AS ele Bj Sle oo cle 180116 Syed ye SU ode Gas ST NB) oly Nye SF glen ge gull OS Splee Liske Op See pl alll plat pm OS Cow ell J Dae op yilegl ote le agow Joly My SF iS dpb aly soda A Ga le gine OM 955 dylowy 5 Scho ep he M23 gle Daly Vy oF jaSol dyke yu Dy SF jg So Sglome odpbalt Ws ys tots AB tld jy StI op axle gil one gle ope ety 2pSF 3 Scr Jylme Ji oly aglecall GSA! fle yylicdl ple oT pen hill oly op tilesw altcly LN ctype op oad) pt le oes GY IG Lgges pt OF Sag ely ye 0S ple GBS edall oly be Vy 05 55 7 Lyle ge we gllestt IS 13) Slat free le BS” DN 0S Uplow op shes pene ela ce Lene ada, teal ity fe eal OB LY ye 28 0S F dpe otal OIF 1] ety eelall ge UBLae plead ey sly Vy 05S UF ples oe chanel! perl Molal Solutions (AV y+ lloay pla ia ilude fll HS Oly ove Ge bibs of C8) Ly ole Gee 62ot beled 13] pad Sled yo Min OI 13] solid oly pe ou Yo att BLS gel pall ces jal Opa le syoe SV adi Upbl 2Y bbe bb pl ge pre gg aj ob ae cell Ge aed Ad OL aE ge Laytecalt Lae of Jp ai LSLY Oliss ps Goel OF SS WSL al ne eka ote je oy oll (Ae Ge Ges WY molal AY pat yp SU ai le send nS Al gle! WY yo) [slat weadtly Glial) fractions Percent solutions & sto)! [Joust OSs LM oe Lhe 95 Wer pall Ly lS op She 5 Gaal del oe pan 5S Al inghiall od 3 %5 pp pall By 1S Iolo tt Ulead 22,2 Hstll Nona Of fy Jznall SH Se ON ies vio fea) Lede pb dale Ge Ll J LA Acids, Bases, Salts cue cohol gat galery Legh tape Golet Sle Opt ge Laetdl Jad, aes cond dels i alot uy taste! (Sy tbe ah yd 32 elt. al cal ole et obo abd) clei Le bil geste Se PL thee Lledo au SX Ube! imermediates tbe ph AS pally hike yells Purines SLi ygill pd Lis gall (Jb Gop yall 9S Bags Uylyol ab UNG BLE Gye tel Ge «Purimidines agylt ale MI US ole ade Ge lajeet (Ser laa go telly ol S citric acid Oy aU ale oe eye BS oi oped 25 gab che eSol feb lactic acid oil danke oy ensue Coy Lo 8 pees only cate Uyalalet se pal Sait oe Leigh patts Lage Glad aes 63Led opal GB eady ue comgphagll ypu Zine saaylball fe Goleally soley cle GUI Sup seta doles Leb alps Gels. Ree den Ohi Oh Leah tSaby Je gab Gl acta ce US ce ey abe Wales YIGAL sell le nels leat! wsly seh ally Gala cla CF egh SEBS Geall Ohl ods of YI Call ley tbo gle ge Je oe Conny She sill Set Nature of acids, bases, and salts WAN) «set «plac! dnb Sa Necse GVH ogy chu ot aS agd shee ool ys ares - ionization ol etoay cba gr aslel felis ele 3 tale 5) 13), ay UN ySG we ee eds ALI et JOS” aizsd Sez ost “+ Ht = HA Ble Stil 14) Lange Stigt SY cals (HA) asta Dalal ode 3 cel UM ty gS Bete oye Qual FS 2 CUM (AD Bfle Lat Lend Gal GUN cations Sligh US pad days dent ans electrode 35 2S3I 3) tiyitSN as Sle Jylas Jaanions Sp tT nt opt anode) Gory ct 4 SOM ot} OLiytI poly (cathode) ILS! Cael selyaily pat oh BLE ee pte Gam CH) gergpagl col be 3 Layee pony dissociation LiKe ep lll Saas cele BSc CSTD Oye Jb Onl sheuse cal Lge sackall BOH = B* + OH” Ble igh (BY) dpe Styl OSS ls (BOH) stelt Wateall obs 3 (OH)+ Electrolytes and nonelectrotytes eLafl (b cls gSU Lhe ye ptlly Ao soll 3! poll LA Leo gs LBISab aye (ge electrolytes alll J cle gSU tho yall ol pall Bl Sybee J Ah OE aye eblt G1b O,S Le Sh eS pend East odie 2SLN ode Jou ae qty clull J el gS) Ahoy 35ld ph Sb aS LS ewe 1 Jit foe de electrolysis (fb 2S flit SE sper gy plegll JE olay the Sy tgll Gaal gle ple Joe Shee ge CA, wea BLES 258) ee 21S 5ley 9 pl CF Raat chy gS fae ge alyall oe F545 sell 3 oh 4S) tLe ye OL Stell 3b Lgali} ee Le gS Bk uy yu die dhe ye pb tye es Wey cll gd Lye lt ee bY YS, -Monelectrolytes cll! 3 el gS Ses al D yg) deja: Strength of acids or bases 61 alt gh jaa! pl 38 SBssy eo by pA ed A oe Oss le ga ot pal PRS el sl 99 OU Syl) eat Lda ole VW Ley at yg Fine 2G ts cdl tel Ley OY Dp OU gy SI LT OLS Bi Be oS ade hy Le Lg 1 yb tay oti gy fie Fee sankey ace dae oul Gow GA etl oe ell 3 Sgr op Blane 54a) Utes elgg Galery ASK sell § Lin jue 1-2 5 55S of stLeh Ll : Amphoteric compounds uci Zeal OAS ps5! FKL el of yo Me cath gusta oP awl! abs pie Soa eS Pr os y ae ate’. ob gay be ol jf ee Se 3 tins plols Bb pat oT IGY ots J sae al Lal Lee Shi sels fl alas GO pai LBS gl OLS ll thaw Dgery op BLES cL] G nad le -amphoteric Ate) dale OLS RLS Gat NHS opr yd als” HCI 65ones cll cr + H,O* = HCl +H,0 tals” ell OH” + NH*, = NH, + H,O TL sel Bly Gadel amy 35 I Uybe jy by all ust os H+ + CL’ HCL thy glS gykem ss H+ + HSO; H,SO, os H+ + NOy HNO, os H+ + CH,COO” CH,COOH ewe H+ + HSO, H,SO, apt ety pall se Na+ + OH” NaOH Ce pall dS ye os K+ + OH" KOH tac sd fas” ype Gane NH+ + OH" NH.OH Up JS gyn OSS OF52 iy es” SB pay HC] fe 53 ae oyry J ell oe cts pry Gp shell Ly ((H,0*) hydronium ion pi yA dg OS 32 chy GubS par NaOH HCI J glows gy DUIS Ot Jdie ale 13] : Neutralization Kn wcodo JS neutralization iow! of Slax) Gaelily arb) ol SSI sd craig) Ob yl Jol Cy Siw dellly Lab ol pul Olas SoS spel Ligh ee evel ele Jylal chest al a pl perpall LOG SI dateldl awl Jel hd ly cau a Jelidl Jb OELY ol, pelt 45 1S, 66Nat + (Cr+ HO #OH'+Nat++Ch+H* Byles sp ypageall Any glS cle cygl ds gill Upbeat le SY 15] SEA fees le el gily cased blew gp ee OSG alll cs of (pS) He Gash pla pipe pall LS ype ple Bla] ue oo thes Quctill Gadel Gliodl Gay pyr pall Ob ale OS 22-2 J ybe BBL A edd eS 5 I je Normal solutlons 4 shall fStrualt ar .33LS1 4S normal solution os Le J glee ae eS slid oy daly f ple ce ete tly Sb cone Nghe Sd cate ot ony NS Oj ped ost ses of [5 11Ke, (2N solution) SRN pasa ope Oj LUD ya be pat coal ele IEA Oj ol al ON Sl pee AS cL gl eee y oagll op Lele 1.008 Ge te O59 ce fell GDS pl jg pe Fp) lp Bid! O53) LN lee SF ge et TL CA oe Le pad aly 6 SIS Oj_bl -molarity .55Y yell ge Yay normality i jlw! Jal tel pity dale fas Bt oth all one a Be Fal gl pall IS SY ye SFM ee ated Ligh ys Imole Joly ale espe O55 1 DSeal ala they perly tel A arb rel pan 1209 J) pobre hana That evant NaCl ce pall ay lS Hel + NaOH Kel tact ayy gl HCl + KOH KO, fret oly S HSO, + 2KOH CaCl; Co SISM ay IS” 2HCl + Ca(OH): CH,COONa tpl o% — CH,COOH + NaOH oTTY). antes nad a lll gabe pss Lal ye HCL Jybe y wely SY 058 F SOs oe J glee OF Bb Ghte gh 5S al oF al Lave pps gle pli HS0.0Y Soy We a slall St Spl yp soly NaOH Jyh ce gybeall Op (2 mole) at all is Oj gM ae Sy Oj gH OT eae Bll ated Jylee Lal yo oly Dy 05S GB D5y Hale BEAL Sybeall G ghee! Joy ptal Og A pll Cd dee yada gp Syl 2 Lot op cer sted Og ale 15h ae ON) 2g Spee 98 IM) cal pall es yl 25g seu BAH): SES arta oS Golell sy! jp) Gade pled gary seme patel Oph ot cde Daler le yalilly Hilla! Spee ot Le10 eh all ees OF ye cpa Yokel UN ae J ay CAS NAOH Syl ge Jul TS Sale SI (IN) &yball soll HI Taytall GoLT WSO. oy Sylow cys Li glladll GK pale (IN) Lal SIN) shall Gadi ye NaOH oye Syler oye f+ 10 doled fh easly skins] pS : Hdrogen ion concentration yor yg) Ost 53 pee Spel Mab gem ytd Onl SF Baw Le Slee acts TPH dab feat ed tab ory pall Onl GS wre {H'] pies — = pH comes ateall Oh gS A SLM peel Gay oF Sar 13] BH Cel Soe Ugalde Grom gselaglld oF ott PH Clad Adio J PB coral Oph WSF Me casts shall op Tas PH St aE ls sls pH of te .*10 ff 0.000001 2 pill Lal HBL cer grbell Oph 3A 710 gu ie) ~ = pH T= a pw = pH 68PHS ed cst sligles (ill cll jou y 7 8 Gill ell pH Of Wa, bls le Ja 7 ee AST Jole cly Rene ple le Jar 7 ge il OS omar Ont le Gye eb SPH L Jobe ISN] aes P ex srhgl yl Sp ot gy Mia TPH d Uybu pp dil op pte Bho oNaie Jal Glas PHI pd ots J af LIGL "10 Jf 0.00000001 Ld cll Plt oy dopo bg deine pH ed WS dl pled aly PHA pall th bt 3-2 Uytm qady aelill 25 ide pH 6S PH gil thle 23-2 dye pu) aad or ssttll gl 559 seat! lle 0 °10 1 1 "10 01 2 710 0.01 3 *10 0.001 4 “10 6.0001 5 =10 0.00001 6 10 0.000001 7 ™10 0,0000001 8 “10 0.00000001 9 *10 0.000000001 10 10 0.0000000001 it “10 0.00000000001 12 ™10 0.000000000001 13 10 0.0000000000001 14 “10 0.00000000000001 de S pow J plus Gi : Buffersolutions Jot ily plan ta glial! [baal Bene B06 J (pyr pall dees JAI Jarl Nery onde Gat Gare 69Bho polls BLa| ee cae gph! Onl 3S GS Ol wal elie ley ee ol ode Spb Min aS» Bue of Sp Ga oy sel gly ola dagen! lel tp pall Sry JA Gale ceils dead! ode 735 pos bee GAS JI yh Uy ane Gare pe JS) ae Lae wlan! eS srs OY yl Of NaOH op pve Made Lisl 13). 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