DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN MATHEMATICS 10

I. OBJECTIVES:
A. Content Standards: demonstrate understanding of key concepts of
combination and probability
B. Performance Standards: use precise counting technique and probability in
formulating conclusions and making decisions
C. Learning Competencies: At the end of the 1hour period, the learners should be able
to:
Knowledge: demonstrate understanding on problems involving
probability
Skill: Solve problems on conditional probability
Attitude: Appreciate the importance of probability in real-life
situations

II. SUBJECT MATTER:

Content: Conditional Probability
References: G-10 Mathematics Learners’ Module
G-10 Mathematics Teachers’ Guide
Teaching Method: Interactive Learning

III. PROCEDURE:
Teacher’s Activity Learners’ Activity
A. Preparatory Activities
Prayer
Greetings
Classroom Management
B. Motivation: Rebus
Class, I will show you different pictures and
I want you to guess what it is. Yes, Ma’am.
Our first image is,

CONE

What if we remove
letters “ne” from the word cone? What will CO
remain?
(Class, take note of the remaining letters).
The next image is,

DICE
 Teacher’s Activity Learners’ Activity
Let us subtract “ce” from the word, the
difference would be? DI
How about the following pictures?

LOTION

Let’s subtract “lo”, the result is TION

Then,

ALCOHOL

Remove “cohol”, the remaining letters are? AL

On the following pictures, I will remove

unimportant letters and you will jot down the
remaining.

- TRACTOR PRO

- LL BA

- CYCLE BI

LI
 Teacher’s Activity Learners’ Activity

- FACUL TY

Now, let us add up all of the answers. Did

we form a word? Yes, Ma’am.
What is it? CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY
Very good! And that’s our lesson for today.

C. RECALL/REVIEW
Before we proceed with our
discussion,
I will give you a short trivia about
probability. Did you know that:

“The theory of probability was

found in the 17th century by
two French mathematicians
Blaise Pascal and Pierre Fermat. It began
with problems related
to the games of chance.”

Now anyone, who can recall the definition (answers may vary)
of probability?

Thank you so much! That’s correct.

D. LESSON PROPER
Since you are already familiar with
the definition of probability, we can now
proceed to our topic for today which is
“Conditional Probability”.
First battery Second battery
a. Activity B2
Consider the situation and answer B1 B3
the questions that follow. D
Mario bought four different B1
batteries. Of this four, one is defective. B2 B3
Two are to be selected at random at use on D
a particular day. B1
1. Draw a tree diagram associated with the B3 B2
experiment of selecting two batteries from D
among four, in which one is defective. B1
(Assuming that B1, B2, B3 are the batteries D B2
that are not defective and D for defective). B3
 Teacher’s Activity Learners’ Activity
2. List the sample space. How many (𝐵1, 𝐵2), (𝐵1, 𝐵3), (𝐵1, 𝐷 ), (𝐵2, 𝐵1),
outcomes are there? 𝑆 = {(𝐵2, 𝐵3), (𝐵2, 𝐷 ), (𝐵3, 𝐵1), (𝐵3, 𝐵2),}
(𝐵3, 𝐷 ), (𝐷, 𝐵1), (𝐷, 𝐵2), (𝐷, 𝐵3)
There are 12 outcomes.
3. Find the probability that the second
battery selected is not defective. 3/4
4. What if you find the probability that the
second battery selected is not defective, 2/3
given that the first was not defective?

b. Analysis By simply counting the possible outcomes

1. How did you answer question number 3? based from the tree diagram or the listed
sample space.
2. How did you find the probability that the We simply based it on the given sample space.
second battery selected was not defective, (answers may vary)
given that he first was no defective?

c. Abstraction
Notice that in the activity, a condition was
given when you were asked to find the
probability of an event. And this
probability involving conditions is called
Conditional Probability.

Let’s go back to the question a while ago,

“how do we solve conditional
probability?”

The usual notation for “event A occurs

given that event B has occurred” is “A|B”
(A given B). P(A|B) denotes the
probability that event A will occur given
that event B has occurred already.

And, for any two events A and B with

P(B) > 0, the conditional probability of A
given that B occurred is defined by

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
𝑃 ( 𝐴| 𝐵 ) =
𝑃(𝐵) The conditional probability of an event B in
relationship to an event A was defined as the
Therefore, what is conditional probability? probability that event B occurs after event A
has already occurred.

Very Good! That’s correct!

 Teacher’s Activity Learners’ Activity
Let’s apply the formula for solving
conditional probability using the example a
while ago.

 Find the probability that the second 9 3

𝑃 (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝐵) = =
battery is not defective. 12 4

 What if you find the probability that 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

𝑃 (𝐴|𝐵) =
the second battery selected is not 𝑃(𝐵)
defective, given that the first was not 𝑃(𝐵2 ∩ 𝐵1)
defective? 𝑃 (𝐵2|𝐵1) =
𝑃(𝐵1)

6
12 6 12 6 2
9 = ( )= =
12 9 9 3
12
Using the formula, we arrive on the same Yes, Ma’am.
answer, right?

Did you understand the process of solving (answers may vary)

problems involving conditional probability?

d. Application
Let’s try another example.
The probability that Arnel studies
and passes his math test is 0.45. If the
probability that he studies is 0.80, what is
the probability that he passes the math test,
given that he studied?

Make a representation: Let S= event of studying

P = even of passing
What do we need to find? The probability that he passes the math test,
given that he has studied. The problem is to
find P(P|S).
𝑃(𝑆 ∩ 𝑃)
What formula do we need to use? 𝑃 (𝑃 |𝑆 ) =
𝑃(𝑆)

What are the given data?

P (S and P) = 0.45
P(S) = 0.80
So, what is the probability that he passes the
𝑃(𝑆 ∩ 𝑃) 0.45
math test given that he studied? 𝑃 ( 𝑃 |𝑆 ) = = = 0.5625
𝑃(𝑆) 0.80
Therefore, the possibility that he passes the
math test, given that he has studied is 0.5625
 Teacher’s Activity Learners’ Activity
Well done, class!
Was it clear to you now? Yes, Ma’am.

IV. EVALUATION
Solve the following conditional probability
problems.
1. The probability that a regularly scheduled (a) The probability that a plane arrives on
flight departs on time is P(D) = 0.83; the time, given that it departed on time, is
probability that it arrives on time is P(A|D)= P(A∩D)/P(D)
P(A)=0.82; and the probability that it departs = 0.78/(0.83)
and arrives on time is P(A∩D) = 0.78. Find =0 .94
the probability that a plane (b) The probability that a plane departed on
(a) arrives on time, given that it departed time, given that it has arrived on time, is
on time, and P(D|A) = P(D∩A)/P(A)
(b) departed on time, given that it has = 0.78/(0.82)
arrived on time. = 0 .95

V. ASSIGNMENT
Research or study on how to solve problems on conditional probability of dependent and
independent events.