New Streams Grade 11

New Streams in English
Grade 11
Grade 12
Jamal Aoun
Hamad Shehayeb Rania Hamadeh Mohammad Nazzal
Maysaa Al-Sharr Chantal Aflak Batoul Saad
Fida Abi Karam Ali El Khishen Souad Bittar
Nour Shahine
Consultants
Louis Zeidan Fatima Bazzi
Socrates Publishers
Unit One: Sports and Recreations
UNIT ONE: Sports and Recreations
Lesson One: Do Athletes Make Better Students?
Connecting to the Theme

1. Fill out the following graphic organizer with the effect of sports on
students’ physical state, mental state and psychological state.
Physical Mental Psychological
· Improving agility, · Enhancing · Improving
coordination and students’ mood
balance academic (relief from boredom)
· Reducing muscular achievements · Reducing stress,
tension · Improving attention anxiety and
· Maintaining a healthy and concentration behavioral problems
body weight (lower during classroom time (students become less
risks of developing · Embracing creativity, likely to be hostile or
obesity) memory and antagonistic towards
problemsolving other students)
· Preventing chronic
abilities · Promoting high
diseases (less heart
· Providing lifelong selfesteem
disease or blood
pressure….) skills for students · Learning to lose
(learning teamwork, · Developing students’
strategizing, character
planning, goal
setting, persistence,
leadership…)
2. Participating in sports can be a great relationship-builder. Though many
sports are created around the idea of fierce competition and rivalry,
studies have shown that people who grew up playing sports have more
developed social skills than those who did not. In fact, there is a sense of
belonging that comes with playing sports as part of a team where many
important social skills are learned including the acceptance of others, the
support of our peers and the value of competition. For example, sports
bring shy and introverted children out of the shells by leading how to
develop relationships in a beneficial environment.
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Approaching the text

1.b 2. b 3.b
Comprehending the Writer’s Point of View
1. According to the above text, is it easy to balance between having a
sporting career and a degree? Provide a piece of evidence.
Juggling academics and sport is challenging since the thought of such an
idea is enough to make some of us sweat.
2. List three major academic skills that could be gained from doing sports.
Explain how could they improve students’ academic performance?
Being organized, disciplined and efficient are the three major academic
skills gained from practicing sports. Such skills help students improve
their academic performance by staying focused, using their time
effectively and having persistence to do their job on time without
postponing their duties.
3. How does practicing sports help reshape students’ characters along with
their leadership potentials?
Practicing sports helps build students’ characters in positive ways. It
helps them learn how to cooperate with others, work together to achieve
a common goal, improve their leadership’s skills by teaching them to
improvise upon facing any challenge and develop a sense of belonging to
any new team members.
4. It is said “A sound mind dwells sound body.’ According to you, what are
the assets of a sound body that lead to a sound mind?
Maintaining healthy life style and eating habits, sticking to physical
exercise and leading a life that is close to nature keep our mind strong
and clean.
Analyzing Stylistic Features
1. What is the function of the introduction in the above selection? Explain.
The introduction of the above selection entices the reader’s attention to
know about the constructive role of sports in pushing the process of
teaching forward. It also helps achieve credibility by referring to a
research study about the effect of having dual careers. Added to this, it
provides the readers with the thesis statement that sums up the general
idea of the whole text highlighting the relationship behind sports and
students’ academic achievements.
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2. What is the validity of stating the title in the form of a question? Explain.
The writer states the title in form of question to present an answer fully
developed in the body paragraphs showing how students are getting
better after practicing sports. Moreover, this title furnishes as a thesis
statement presenting the main idea of the whole selection that reinforces
the myriad effects of practicing sports on the educational level.
3. How paragraphs 2 and 3 are thematically linked? What cohesive hooks
did the writer use to reveal such a link? Explain.
Paragraph 2 and 3 are thematically related through idea elaboration
where paragraph 2 states how practicing sports has boosted many
students and paragraph 3 reflects on the effects of sports on those
students . The writer used indirect hook which is the pronoun reference
“their” to link both paragraphs.
4. What is the function of the last paragraph of the above text?
The last paragraph functions as a conclusion to the whole text as it
relates the main idea of the selection which proves how important it is to
balance between sports career and a degree along with stating the
writer’s point of view that supports the stellar quality students’ gain after
practicing sports.
5. In paragraph 4 the writer resorted to real live example, what is the
significance of such technique?
Relying on real life examples helps the writer achieve credibility,
authenticity and realism.
Developing Skills
1. In the chart below, depict the various benefits students might reap out of
having “dual careers”. Use phrases not sentences.
Benefits of dual careers
1- affecting academic and sporting performance
2- providing motivation for training
3- stimulating athletes intellectually
4- relieving stress
2. What does each of the underlined pronouns refer to?
a. it refers to motivation or the action of training and preparation
stimulating athletes intellectually and relieving stress
b. their student competitors
c. it’s refers to the action of exercising
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d. we refers to Quentin Sloper and his students

3. Summarize paragraph 13 in two sentences.
The writer in paragraph 13 shows the importance of balancing between
sports and degree. Though the juggling act is not easy, it is attainable.
Responding to the Text
Answers vary
Lesson Two: Conquering the Death Zone

Accept all possible answers .
Approaching the Text
1. b 2. c 3. a
1. How did Maxime honor and dignify his country? How did the latter
repay him?
Though Maxim was a businessman, he succeeded to put Lebanon on the
peak of the world as he was the first Lebanese to plant the flag on the
summit of Mt. Everest. In return, he was supported financially by Bank
Audi, Lebanon’s largest bank.
2. Why do you think Chaya has rejected tobacco and alcohol companies as
sponsors? Explain.
Knowing that Chaya works with Oum Al-Nour, the drug prevention and
rehabilitation center, and that according to paragraph 8 , he is trying to
offer the next generation of Lebanese students a role model , it makes
sense that he has rejected tobacco and alcohol companies as sponsors
since it contradicts with his goals and messages and defies his ethics .
3. In paragraph 5, Chaya draws a comparison. Identify it, and then show its
significance.
Chaya compares mountain climbing to the recovery process in which
both entail a lot of challenges that need to be surmounted offering those
addicts a silver of hope through comparing the outcome of reaching the
summit to the outcome of going through the recovery process
successfully.
4. Based on paragraphs 8 and 9, how can someone serve his homeland
according to Chaya? Explain.
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According to Chaya, every citizen in Lebanon should be a role model to

others by instilling people with hope and motivation and inspiring them
to go for changes despite the challenges that they may encounter.
5. In what sense has Maxime Chaya become a role model in his country for
people of all ages?
A person like Maxim with self-confidence, perseverance, resilience,
motivation and hope fits to be a role model for all ages.Nothing could
have made him feel more unstoppable than revealing to himself that he is
capable of far more than he ever imagined.
B. The following statements misinterpret information given in the above
text. Rewrite them correctly.
1. Chaya gives motivational speeches to students of different ages.
2. Chaya doesn’t understand politics and tries to avoid it.
1. To what type of writing does the above text belong? What purpose(s)
does this type serve? Explain.
The text is an expository article which aims at presenting information to
describe Maxim as a national figure that fits a role model teaching
people that the moments that we are most proud of are the ones where
we overcame adversity to accomplish something worthwhile.
2. What is the dominant tone of the writer in the above selection? Explain.
The writer is encouraging, supporting, hopeful and optimistic.He gives
the readers a reason to push through any struggle that might come up in
their journey.
3. State two types of audience that might be interested in the reading the
above selection? Explain.
Sportsmen/ Athletes: to achieve greatness and success
Teenagers: to learn how to face challenges and overcome them to reach
one’s target
4. How does the writer achieve cohesion among paragraphs 6,7,8, and 9?
Explain.
The writer achieves cohesion through repetition. In fact, the repetitionof
the word Chaya and the word project reinforces the legendary figure the
whole universe is talking about.
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5. What is the function of the concluding paragraph of the above text?

Explain.
The conclusion restates the main idea of the text and provides future
expectations to attain and achieve the impossible .
Developing Skills
Survivor Resilience
1. In the web below, spot out the adjectives that best describe Maxime
Chaaya?
Ambitious Hopeful
Adventurer Maxime Chaaya

Patient
2. Paraphrase the following sentences as nearly quoted from the above text.
a. Teaching students that nothing is impossible and everything is
attainable is Chaya’s priority for the coming generation.
b. Lebanon will thrive and develop as people are willing to provide
their country a beginning for a new change.
Responding to the text
Answers vary
Assessment Test
Part One: Reading (Score: 11/20)

Read the following text in which the writer sheds light on the Movement to
encourage playing for building up children’s personality, and the need to
convince parents about it. When through with the reading, answer the
questions that follow.
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Effort to Restore Children’s Play

1 SARAH WILSON was speaking proudly the other day when she
declared: “My house is a little messy.” Ms. Wilson lives in Stroudsburg,
Pa., a small town in the Poconos. Many days, her home is spread with
dressup clothes, art supplies and other artifacts from playtime with her two
small children, Benjamin, 6, and Laura, 3. “I let them get it messy because
that’s what it’s here for,” she said. “There’s no imaginative play anymore,
no pretend,” Ms. Wilson said with a sigh.
2 For several years, studies and statistics have suggested that the
culture of play in the United States is vanishing. Children spend far too
much time in front of a screen, educators and parents lament — 7 hours 38
minutes a day on average, according to a survey by the Kaiser Family
Foundation last year. And only one in five children live within walking
distance (a half-mile) of a park or playground, according to a 2010 report by
the Federal Centers for Disease Control, making them even less inclined to
frolic outdoors.
3 Behind the numbers is adult behavior as well as children’s: Parents
furiously tapping on their cell phones in the living room, too stressed by
work demands to tolerate noisy games in the background. Weekends
consumed by soccer and other sports leagues, all organized and directed by
parents. The full schedule of lessons (chess, tae kwon do, Chinese, you
name it) and homework beginning in the earliest grades. Add to that
parental safety concerns that hinder even true believers in play like Ms.
Wilson.
4 “People are scared to let their kids outside, even where I live,” she
said. “If I want my kids to go outside, I have to be with them.”
5 Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, a developmental psychologist at Temple
University in Philadelphia, concluded, “Play is just a natural thing that
animals do and humans do, but somehow we’ve driven it out of kids.”
6 Hoping to produce a change, a Movement to encourage Children’s
Play started with the participation of experts, teachers and parents. The goal,
of this movement, is to return to the old days and evoke in today’s parents
feelings of recognition and nostalgia. Toward that end, parents were given a
75-page “Playbook” outlining research on play and offering children ideas
for playful interests.
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7 Too little playtime may seem to rank far down on the list of society’s
worries. However, the scientists, psychologists, educators and others who
are part of the play Movement say that most of the social and intellectual
skills one needs to succeed in life and work are first developed through
childhood play. Children learn to control their impulses through games like
Simon Says, play advocates believe, and they learn to solve problems,
negotiate, think creatively and work as a team when they dig together in a
sandbox or build a fort with sofa cushions. (The experts define play as a
game or activity initiated and directed by children. So video games don’t
count, they say, except perhaps ones that involve creating something, and
neither, really, do the many educational toys that do things like sing the A B
C’s with the push of a button.)
8 Much of the Movement, therefore, has focused on the educational
value of play in relation to childhood and elementary school curriculums.
But advocates are now starting to reach out to parents, recognizing that for
the movement to succeed; parental attitudes must change as well — starting
with a willingness to tolerate a little more unpredictability in children’s
schedules and a little less neatness at home.
9 “I think more than anything, adults are a little fearful of children’s
play,” said Joan Almon, executive director of the Alliance for Childhood, a
nonprofit pro-play group. “Some people have a greater tolerance for chaos
and have developed a hand for gently bringing it back into order. Others get
really nervous about it.”
10 Megan Rosker, a mother of three (ages 6, 3 and 2) in Redington
Shores, Fla., has learned to embrace the disorder. “The other key is not to
instruct kids how to play with something,” she said. “I can’t tell you how
many board-game pieces have been turned into something else. But I let
them do it because I figure their imagination is more valuable than the price
of a board game.”
11 In the end, parents have to reassert themselves in this process and
teach their children how to play. It’s critical that parents take some
ownership and get out and play with their children. “Lay a toy on the floor
and figure out how to build a bridge going over the toy with blocks,” reads
one idea from the section on Construction Play. “Make paper doll cutouts
from old newspapers and magazines,” another suggests, “and let your
imagination fly!”
 Questions
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A. Answer the following questions with (2-3) sentences of your own.

1- Identify the reasons and the goal of the Movement to encourage
children’s play.(01)
2- What message does the concluding paragraph carry to the parents?
(01)
3- Choose three types of audience who could be interested in this text.
Justify your choice of each.(01)
4- Paraphrase paragraph (9).(01)
B. Scan paragraphs (2-3) for factors that stand behind the vanishing of the
Culture of Play and fill in the following chart. Use phrases. Copy the
chart.(01)
Children Parents
1- 1-
2- 2-
C. 1- Which type of introduction does the writer use? Explain its
importance.
(01)
2- How are paragraphs (7-8) thematically related? What cohesive
link(s), direct or indirect, does the writer use to emphasize this relation?
(01) 3- How does the writer achieve credibility? Justify your answer
with two different examples. (01)
D. Where does each of the bold-typed words in the text refer to? (01)
a. it (P 1) c. they (P 7)
b. all (P 3) d. it (P 10)
E. Find words in the text P (2- 6-10) that have the same meaning as the
following: (01)
a. acknowledgment b- play c- arouse
d- comprehend
E. Scan paragraphs (4-5-6) to find sentences that show the following
patterns(01)
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a. listing c- definition b-cause-

effect d- spatial order Part Two:
Writing (Score: 9/20)
Modern technological and economic changes affect children’s personality
and future. There are negative factors that could influence a young person’s
development in family, school, and in society. Discuss this statement with
examples and experiences you lived or heard about, and then give your own
solutions to such factors. Develop your answer in an essay of 400-500
words. Make sure that, in your introduction, you put your reader in the
general atmosphere of your topic and clearly provide a thesis statement, and
that each of your body paragraphs starts with a topic sentence which you
back up with relevant supporting details. Draft, revise, and proofread your
essay. Your writing will be assessed for ideas, language and style, and
tidiness. (Score: 05 for ideas and organization, 03 for language and
style, and 01 for tidiness and legible handwriting)
Answer Key
Part One: Reading (11/20)

A. 1- The reason of this movement is to encourage children’s active
play, and the goal it wants to reach is to return children to the old
style of playing and to remind parents of their own childhood
feelings.
2- The concluding P invites parents to participate and play with their
children, to stir imagination and to enjoy disorder at home. It stresses
parents’ role in this domain.
3- Audience could be:
a- Parents to realize importance of playing. b- Experts to invite them
into more researches c- School teachers to encourage school play.(toy
makers, psychologists
…)
4-Answers vary.
B. Only two
Children Parents
.1-spending much time in front of T.V 1-stressed busy parents
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away .from kids

.2-less inclined to play outdoors .2-parental safety concerns
3-full schedule in earliest grades 3-parents’control of children’s
games
C. 1- Anecdote. It is used to attract attention, introduce the topic,
clarify the topic…
2- Problem—Solution. P (7): Problem, although play is important it is
not discussed in society.
P (8): Solution, changing parental attitudes towards playing and
school curriculums.
3- The writer uses:
A-Expert testimony: (P9) C- Quotations: (P4)
B- Real example: (P10) D-Statistics: (P2)
D. a-it: home b-all: games (soccer and sports.) c-they:
experts d-it: turning board games into something else
E. a-recognition P (6) b-frolic P (2) c-evoke P (6) d-embrace P
(10)
F. a- P (6): Hoping to produce a change, a Movement to encourage
Children’s Play started with the participation of experts, teachers and
parents.
b- P (6): Toward that end, parents were given a 75-page “Playbook”
outlining research on play and offering children ideas for playful
interests.
c- P (5): Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, a developmental psychologist at Temple
University in Philadelphia, concluded,……..
d- P (4): “If I want my kids to go outside, I have to be with them.”
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UNIT TWO: Current Issues
Lesson One: Overwhelmed by Flow of Illegal Immigration
Connecting to The Theme

A. Answers vary ( Students can mention different social, economic or
personal reasons…)
B. These are usually the first world countries in Europe, the States……
1. c 2.a 3. C
Comprehending the Author’s Point of View
1- The border police patrol are silenced, overwhelmed and helpless as the
massive influx of immigrating children and family units have confused
the police and have taken them ‘completely off mission’(para. 3) /The
big number of the illegal immigrants has hindered/stopped the police
work as they ‘can barely cope’. (para. 4)
2- Unaccompanied children /minors make it more difficult for/hinders the
border patrol/ the police work. They are too many and “they can’t be
immediately sent back – and they can’t be left alone in the U.S to fend
for themselves”, as the writer says in Paragraph 5.Thus, They complicate
and even stop the police missions .
3- The deferred action program allows the immigrants to stay longer.
Besides, they will be able to get jobs legally or “take legitimate
employment.”
4- Cuellar is worried/alarmed that this “ wave of humanity’ will continue,
and that immigrants will never go back to their countries. Thus ,he thinks
that immediate measures or actions should be taken.
1- Paragraphs 1,2 and 3 make/form the introduction of the above article.
The writer introduces the issue of illegal immigration with surprising and
dramatic facts/anecdote about two women, one of whom with a baby
strapped to her back, waiting for their turn to cross the river/borders for
$1000.This draws the readers’ attention to the issue of illegal
immigration to the United States, and how it happens while the border
patrol police are helpless and overwhelmed.
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2- It is a reinforcement or support relation. In paragraph 7, Roberts shows

the reason for the sheer numbers of immigrants that are overwhelming
the police because of the porous border which is like a ‘sieve’. In
paragraph 8, the writer illustrates how this ‘sieve’ or insecure area -with
very few desperate policemen –makes it all easy for the illegal
immigrants to cross the river that is impossible to seal.
The cohesive devices that are the indirect links used: - repetition of the
key words ‘immigrants, Mexican border,…’ and the words that imply the
same meaning ‘porous/sieve ‘ and ‘impossible to seal’.
3- It is ironic and dramatic. It is all a dramatic irony when a person walks to
be arrested or to surrender to the officers. The immigrants are ironically
called ‘walkers’.
4- The writer uses dates and figures in paragraphs 4 and 5 in order to
achieve credibility ,and support his ideas about the bitter facts of illegal
immigrants entering the United States from its South borders.
5- we: border police patrol officers that : the number of
illegal immigrants
their : children’s
it : Mexican border
Developing Skills 1.
Geographical Social/demographic
1. porous borders 1.poverty
2. unsealed river 2.seeking a better life
3. unguarded miles of riverbank 3. overwhelmed and confused police
2-
a. pending
b. overwhelming
c. porous
d. apprehended
3. Exercise (1)to- through - from – of - in – in - with
Exercise (2) which - several - which - as – mainly - the - at times - others
ever – than – yet/while – per
Lesson Two: Plastic Surgery: Beauty or Beast?
Comprehending The Author’s Point Of View
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1-The media does not only show the positive side of plastic surgeries but
also promote them on reality TV shows, like ‘The Swan’ and ‘The Swan
2’ on Fox TV, ‘Extreme Makeover’ on ABC, and ‘I Want a Famous
Face’ on MTV. In ‘The Swan 2 ’masculine/male-looking De Lisa Stiles
‘morphed into a beauty queen’ after undergoing a plastic surgery.
2- Castle criticizes the lack of sufficient research and good prospective
studies with well-established instruments to analyze the psychological
effects of cosmetic surgeries on the patients.
3- Clinician psychologists and patients are the two groups that are mainly
affected by cosmetic surgeries. The former will have new roles for pre-
and post- surgical assessments for patients, while the latter will have
different relationships, self-esteem and quality of life.
4. a. At times, such surgeries bring about dramatic social changes with
contradictory psychological effects – mainly positive in nature.
b. Surgeries arouse the interest of psychologist but affect the power of
selfesteem of the patients only
Analyzing Features
1- The first paragraph introduces the topic of plastic surgeries and draws the
readers’ attention to the positive side of surgeries only. It conveys the
image of ‘beauty’ but not the ‘beast’. Thus, paragraph 1 is partially
related to the rest of the text as it reflects only the good side, the
popularity of the surgeries and the satisfaction with the body image by
the patients. However, the text develops both sides, the good and the bad
side of the issue.
2- The writer does achieve credibility/objectivity/authenticity/realism by
using different types of evidence: a) Names of TV stations and TV shows
(Fox, MTV, ABC…..) (para. 1 and 2)
b) Statistics and figures (44% ,11.9 million…..- Para. 3)
c) Dates (2003-2004) (para. 4)
d) Results of studies and analysis (37 studies…) (para. 4)
3- The paradox is reflected in the patients’ contradictory reactions after
undergoing cosmetic surgeries. The researchers’ findings and recent
analysis report both positive and negative outcomes in patients; while the
body image was improved in some patients, depression, dissatisfaction,
isolation and many other negative psychological and social problems
were noticed.
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4- Both paragraph 2 and the conclusion emphasize the two sides ,the
positive and the negative, of plastic surgeries .The two paragraphs
support the idea /the fact that the results of such surgeries are mixed
regarding the psychological effects observed in the patients in the long
run.
The hooks that link the two paragraphs are the repetition of the key words
‘surgery and surgeries, result and results’ and the synonyms
‘impact’,‘result’ and ‘consequence’ , as well as the synonyms ‘lasting’
and ‘long term’
5. The text is expository/informative in nature. The writer uses logical order
in his essay organization. This order is embedded in the cause-effect pattern
of organization which overshadows the whole essay. Causes of plastic
surgeries are cited, and the social and psychological effects are traced all
over. Developing Skills
1. Positive outcomes Negative outcomes
Improvement in body image unrealistic expectations
A boost in life-quality depression
Psychological adjustment isolation
Increased satisfaction…. Family problems……….
2.
a- The ever-lasting effects are not always positive. In paragraph 2, the writer
doubts that, and in the last paragraph ,she emphasizes her doubts by
stating that the results are mixed.
b- Both agree that such surgeries affect the power of the patients’ self-
esteem, not the psychologists.
c. In the text ‘Plastic Surgery: Beauty or Beast?’, particularly in paragraph
5, Melissa Dittman states that the studies/analyses on the psychological
effects of cosmetic surgeries on the patients are very few, so professors
and researchers ask for more investigation on the issue.
3.
a- prospective b- assessments b-popularity d-
candidate WRITING TECHNIQUES
The Conclusion
Exercise 1: Read the following introductory paragraph and answer the
questions that follow.
1. Identify the thesis statement. Justify your answer.
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The thesis statement is “This should be done due to the innumerable

social, mental, and educational benefits of integrating technology in
education.” It sets the roadmap for the whole essay highlighting what it
will be about.
2. Restate the thesis statement using your own words.
The social, mental, and educational benefits of integrating technology in
education are a good reason to pursue exploiting technology in classrooms.
3. Fill in the following grid with different functions of the conclusion.
Conclusion:
Restating the thesis statement + one/any of the other functions
Restating Providing Giving a Suggesting Presentin Opening
the Thesis the Piece of Solutions g a Future a New
Statement Author’s Advice/ Vision Horizon
Opinion Recommendatio
n
In This is the However, As such, A However,
conclusion, most teachers should governments generation there is a
the social, constructiv make should fund armed fine line
mental, e way to sure that such a with better between a
and ensure a technology is progress in intellectua healthy
educationa healthy used wisely in teaching l abilities, use of
l benefits classroom class. through the 21st technolog
of which providing free century y in class
integrating engages workshops for skills, and and waste
higher of time, so
technology students teachers, and
cognitive one
in and keeps schools’
skills should be
education them on administration
could be aware of
are a good their toes s should follow the
foreseen
reason to ready to up closely to drawback
if this is
pursue analyze, ensure that s
followed
exploiting criticize, technology is that
through
technology and be being properly relying
properly.
in active. used in class. heavily on
classrooms technology
. entails.
4. Use one of the above functions to construct your own concluding
paragraph. In conclusion, the social, mental, and educational benefits of
integrating technology in education are a good reason to pursue
exploiting technology in classrooms. A generation armed with better
intellectual abilities, the 21st century skills, and higher cognitive skills
could be foreseen if this is followed through properly
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Assessment Test
Reading Comprehension: (Score: 11/20)
Read this selection where the author, VivGroskop, explains the reasons of
parents nowadays to either allow or ban their kids from using a mobile or
any kind of social media. When you are through with the selection, answer
the questions that follow.
Children and the Internet: a Parent’s Guide

VivGroskop
1. You can’t blame Jamie Oliver, a famous actor,
for being worried. As the father of four, he really
needs some long-term tech ground rules in his house.
So he announced last week that he has banned his
eldest daughters from using a mobile phone or any
kind of social media. “I found out my two eldest girls
had set up Instagram accounts in secret, which I
wasn’t happy about and soon put a stop to,” he said. “Poppy- his 11
year old daughter- is the only girl in her class without a mobile. It may
sound harsh, but I do worry about the bullying that can go on with these
sites.”
2. Oliver’s fears are certainly exacerbated by his celebrity status. But
they are shared by many parents who, faced with mixed messages about the
dangers and benefits of technology, choose simply to ban whatever they can
for as long as they can. It doesn’t help that there is often a hypocritical
element to all this for modern parents. If we, parents, spend hours on
Facebook and Pinterest – in full view of our children – how can we expect
them not to go on videogames applications as soon as they can use a mouse?
3. Sara Bran is from north London and writes on creativity and
parenting. She has two daughters, Mia, seven, and Lily, 17. “I don’t think
‘the internet’ is taught well in school,” she said. “It is only mentioned to
children in the context of safety and danger. It needs to be broken down
into:
a) Health issues – eyesight, sitting still for long periods of time, brain
plasticity and creativity;
b) Intellectual issues about where information comes from and the ability
to think independently;
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c) Social media and ideas about empathy, friendship, bullying,

communication and relationships.”
4. She says that Lily worries a lot for her little sister and feels there has
been a huge change in internet use and access in the last few years: “When
Lily was seven, there was one central computer in our house that we all
used. Now smartphones mean that all of us are in our own private worlds,
having private relationships with the internet and social media. At 17, she
doesn’t consider herself a digital native, but her younger sister at seven is
completely immersed.”
5. The arguments against are well-rehearsed. A recent report for Public
Health England concluded that “children who spend more time on
computers, watching TV and playing video games tend to experience higher
levels of emotional distress, anxiety and depression”.
6. Then there’s the inactive effect: more than 70% of young people do
not undertake the recommended one hour of physical activity a day. The
safety issue is an equal concern. Last year the Wall Street Journal reported
that Facebook was developing technology to link children’s accounts to
those of their parents. At the moment, no under 13s are allowed on the site.
The most recent report on Facebook found that “of the 20 million minors
who use Facebook, 7.5 million were younger than 13 and more than five
million were younger than 10”.
7. “There are so many amazing apps, from phonics and math to video
blogging and stop-motion animation,” Bran adds. “We watch documentaries
and videos on YouTube. We can use my smartphone to find the answers to
the barrage of random questions my children think of while we are stuck in
traffic on the bus.”Parents are fighting back by personally policing their
children’s use – the only way you can really know what’s going on. With
older children, you need to be up close and personal with their online use.
8. “There should be supervision until you know that your children are
safe and know what they are doing,’ she said. “Is their profile locked down?
Who can see their pictures? What are they sharing? Once you know that
your child understands they should not be posting home addresses and so
on, then maybe the supervision can be lessened. It is all about talking and
understanding. I follow them all on Twitter and am friends with them on
Facebook. Yes, I know my comments get deleted. And I am not allowed to
‘like’ statuses on Facebook. But at least they know I know what they are up
to.”
20
9. Her children all had phones from the age of 10, but “for use in
emergencies – not smartphones”. She adds: “I am not too scared about my
children being bullied online, we have that conversation a lot and are very
open about it and they would talk to me if this happened. Perhaps the worst
thing for this generation of busy and over-worked parents, often tech
overusers themselves, is that this is one more thing to drive us all apart.
10. “I worry that screen time will become the norm rather than one of a
variety of activities, and also the lack of exercise that will result from it,”
Bryce said. “Most of all though I worry that it will become something that
comes between them and me as they grow older. I know it’s only natural for
kids to seek independence and time away from their parents, but I can’t help
and feel this inevitable eventuality will only be hastened by the introduction
of so much time in front of a screen.
(The Guardian, November 2013)
 Questions
A- Answer each of the following questions in 2-4 complete sentences of
your own.
1. According to the text, what three reasons are behind parents banning
their kids from using smart phones? (1 pt.)
2. According to Bran, how could kids use their smart phones without being
exposed to internet threats? (1 pt.)
3. What two negative and positive consequences could kids have when
using internet apps?
4. In reference to paragraph 2, answer the critical question posed by
Groskopat at the end. (1 pt.)
5. Which way do you find it effective to supervise kids’ online exposure?
Explain your answer. (1 pt.)
B- Organization of Ideas:
1. What is Groskop’s tone in paragraph 2? Justify your answer. (1 pt.)
2. Scan paragraphs 4 and 5 to find a figure of speech. Explain it and show
the reason of its use. (1 pt.)
3. What is the thematic link between paragraphs 5 and 6? Explain your
answer. (1.5 pts.)
4. Paraphrase the underlined sentences in paragraphs 4 and 9? (1 pt.)
C- Vocabulary and Pronouns:
21
1. Find the meanings of the following words based on context clues. (0.75
pt./ 0.25 each)
Word Paragraph Meaning
1. Exacerbated 2
2. Plasticity 3
3. Inevitable 10
2. Identify the referents of the italicized and underlined words in the text.
(0.75 pt./ 0.25 each)
Word Paragraph Referent
1. It 1
2. It 3
3. We 7
D- Writing: (9/ 20)
Today’s modern life is surrounded with tech products. The technology has
been growing rapidly for quite some time, and has now become an
important part of life. The technology has its impact on people of all fields
and ages including children. For the proper growth of children, it is highly
necessary for parents to have knowledge of positive and negative impacts of
technology on them. In a cause- effects essay, explain how parenting has
been affected by technology.
In your introduction, put your reader in the general atmosphere of your topic
and clearly provide a thesis statement, and that each of your body
paragraphs starts with a topic sentence which you back up with relevant
supporting details. Draft, revise, and proofread your essay.
Your writing will be assessed for both ideas and form. (4 pts. for ideas, 3
pts.
for coherence and 2 pts. for mechanics)
Answer Key
A- Answer each of the following questions in 2-4 complete sentences of

your own.
22
1. According to the text, what three reasons are behind parents banning their
kids from using smart phones? (1 pt.)
There are different reasons. One of them is the health issue (weakening
eye sight, obesity, ). Another reason is the disinformation and
misinformation they might be exposed to. The Third reason is to be
bullied and change to be an anti- social person.
3. According to Bran, How could kids use their smart phones without being
exposed to internet threats? (1 pt.)
Parents have to be aware how their kids use internet. They have to
supervise them (police them) by adding their accounts and viewing their
pictures, comments and statuses. They have to be close to them when
using the online resources.
3. What two negative and positive consequences could kids have when
using internet apps? (1 pt.)
Two negative consequences:
Being bullied- threatened- acquire misinformation- obesity- backache-
weak eye sight- anti –social… Two positive consequences:
Watching documentaries- solving math and phonics exercises- finding
answers to puzzling questions.
4. In reference to paragraph 2, answer the critical question posed by
Groskopat its end. (1 pt.)
Parents would find it difficult to ban their kids from using online
resources while they are in excessive numbers using them. Being a role
model to kids, means that parents have to act what their kids would copy/
imitate.
5. Which way you find it effective to supervise kids’ online exposure?
Explain your answer. (1 pt.) Answers may vary.
1. What is Groskop’s tone in paragraph 2? Justify your answer. (1 pt.) There
is a touch of irony in paragraph 2. Groskop believes that kids imitate
their parents. So, parents could not ban them from using internet if
parents overuse it.
2. Scan paragraphs 4 and 5 to find a figure of speech. Explain it and show
the reason of its use. (1 pt.)
The author used the phrase “digital native”. This is a metaphor. The
author compared today’s teenager (Lily) to a digital native. She means
that Lily lives in the world of digitals as if she is one of its citizens.
23
3. What is the thematic link between paragraphs 5 and 6? Explain your

answer. (1.5 pts.)
In paragraph 5, the author explores some effects of being exposed to use
internet like having emotional distress, anxiety and depression. In
paragraph 6, the author addsmore negative effects that result from over
using internet. Thus, the thematic relationship between the two
paragraphs is idea addition.
4. Paraphrase the underlined sentences in paragraphs 4 and 9? (1 pt.)
Answers may vary
C- Vocabulary and Pronouns:
1- Find the meanings of the following words based on context clues. (0.75
pt./ 0.25 each)
1. Exacerbated 2 Worsened
2. Intellectual 3 Rational
3. Inevitable 10 Unavoidable
2- Identify the referents of the italicized and underlined words in the text.
(0.75 pt./ 0.25 each)
1. It 1 The fact that only Oliver’s daughter
doesn’t own a mobile phone.
2. It 3 Internet
3. We 7 Bran and her daughters
24
UNIT THREE: Ecological Environment
Lesson One: Our Mediterranean, Our Survival

1. c 2. b 3. a
A.
1. The text tackles the issue of widening the Suez Canal, an action that has
brought alien species to the Mediterranean; destroying thus, the whole of
its ecosystem.
2. The Egyptian authorities have expanded the Canal to dramatically
increase its financial revenues without considering the negative impacts
on the environment.
3. They are set as a living proof/ evidence of sustainable economy that
protects the environment and leaves it with the least damages by
impeding the migration of water species.
4. Sustainable development will keep the ecological environment intact and
preserved. The writer gives the example of managing fishing industry
which would employ more people and have long-term economic benefits
than the Canal itself. B.
1. It takes generations for them to expand.
2. Being cooperative is the best way to solve problems.
1. The thesis statement is the whole paragraph one. It raises two issues: the
opening of the Suez Canal and the invasive marine species that flow
through it. Such issues are fully developed in the body paragraphs of the
above text.
2. The tone seems to be warning, alarming and rather critical. Financial
benefits come at the cost of environmental degradation with its dire
implications for economy and health.
3. It is a problem-solution relationship. Paragraph one states the problem of
expanding the Suez Canal. The conclusion suggests cooperation as a
practical solution.
25
4. The writer achieves credibility by using proper means of support. He

resorts to facts and statistics, dates and numbers (paragraph 2,3,4,8). He
quotes experts (paragraph 8), and gives live examples (paragraph 8,9,10).
Developing Skills
1.
Alien Marine Species
Name of Fish Destructive Effect of the Fish
a. devouring algal forests

1. Rabbit Fish b. leaving bare rock
c. undermining complex ecosystems
a. eating fish caught on long-line hooks

2. Silver Puffer Fish b. chewing trawler’s net
c. devouring staple foods
a. washing up shores endangering

b. beachgoers and divers blocking
3. The Nomad Jellyfish c. water-intake pipes
d. endangering Blue fin tuna eggs
2.
a. refers to invasive species
b. refers to other types of alien species
c. refers to a process where it would be difficult for species to follow
d. refers to boats and licenses
3. a. denude b. decimate c. notorious d. venomous
Lesson Two: Sustainable Construction: The Dockside Green
Connecting to the theme:

How would you describe the act of construction in your country? Is it
original and systematic or is it merely a chotic, inoriginal and unplanned act
of construction that seeks after immediate proof it no more? Is it possible to
change this picture and have a sustainable construction industry that takes
26
the environment and the future generations into account? In pairs or in

groups, discuss the above issues, and then draw your own conclusions.
Approaching the text:
Skim the text and then select the best completion.
1. The preview indicates that the text highlights…
a. Sustainable development in the construction industry.
b. Unsystematic planning in the construction industry.
c. The modern trend of construction all over the world.
2. Dockside Green is run by…
a. The public sector
b. The public and private sectors as well
c. The private sector
3. We infer that eco-communities…
a. Plan for the immediate moment
b. Take the architectural heritage into account
c. Take the environment and future into consideration
Comprehending the writer’s point of view
1. Based on your understanding to the text, what does the title “sustainable
construction: The Dockside Green” refer to? Explain.
(The title refers to a green movement construction industry which takes
the environment and the future life into account while reconstructing)
2. What particularly necessitated the emergence of the green movement in
the construction industry? Explain.
(Global warming, gas emissions, carbon foot print and contamination
which is so destructive to health are key factors that necessitated such a
movement.
3. In comparison to the overcrowded areas in your community, what is
special about the new “eco-communities”? Explain.
Eco-communities are concerned about the health and well-being of earth
and people. They are very small, self-sufficient communities that furnish
as an ideal model for living.)
4. How are the new residences in the newly established eco-communities
economically rewarding? Explain.
27
(energy efficiency is maximized in such communities. Appliances save

residents and business men much money where energy consumption is
55% less than average residents in Canada.)
Analyzing stylistic features
1. What type of the introduction does the writer use? What function does
this type bear? Explain.
(The writer uses the funnel general to specific type. Such type (a)
introduces the topic and gives background information about the new
trend in the construction industry, (b) grabs the readers’ attention and
puts him\her under a totality of effect, (c) reflects the thesis which
highlights the validity of eco-communities, and finally(d) prepares the
reader for a discussion of the thesis in the body of the text)
2. Which order of organization does the writer of the above text use to
present his ideas?
(The writer uses the logical order of organization where basic ideas are
sequenced one after the other in a very reasonable and logical way.)
3. How do you find the tone of the writer? Give specific clues to
demonstrate your point of view.
(In addition to his being objective and neutral, the writer seems basically
hopeful, optimistic, enthusiastic and encouraging. Eco-communities are
the hope of a safer life devoid of pollution and diseases.)
4. What thematic relationship is there between paragraphs 3 and 5? Which
cohesive hook does the writer use to link the two paragraphs?
(The relationship is one of addition, reinforcement and support. Both
paragraphs highlight the positive aspects of eco-communities. The writer
uses an indirect linking hook to bind the two paragraphs. In fact, he uses
a synonym. Paragraph 3 mentions the builders of the eco-communities.
Paragraph 5 starts with planners of the eco-communities to reinforce
such a link.)
Developing skills
1. Based on paragraphs 3,4 and 5, fill the chart below with the facilities
offered in eco-communities, using phrase only.
Facilitates offered by Eco- communities
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1. 100% fresh air

2. Natural and non-toxic paint and wood
3. Durable bamboo with no pesticides
4. Energy-efficient appliances and light fixtures.
5. Sharing spaces as well as individual utility
6. Rescuing emissions by using local suppliers
7. Using biomass-not fossil fuels- in the heating system
2. What do the pronouns, bold-typed in the above text, refer to?
a. This (paragraph 1) refers to the idea of the green movement catching
on…
b. Those (paragraph 1) refers to people concerned about their health and
the well-being of the world.
c. This (paragraph 5) refers to the plan of rescuing construction waste
and local suppliers…
d. These (paragraph 6) refers to other small eco-villages.
3. Select from paragraphs 1,2,3 and 4 words that have the following
meaning.
a. Obtaining ; buying
b. Unparalleled; never having happened before.
c. Letting fresh air into (a room or a building)
d. Usefulness
WRITING TECHNIQUES
Writing a Paragraph
Model
1. Outline the above paragraph using the following format.
I- Topic Sentence: Air pollution has increased beyond measure due to
various economic factors which include agricultural activities and
industrial revolution.
II- Body:
A- Detail 1: Agricultural Activities
1. Supporting Idea 1: To begin with, the use of insecticides,
pesticides, and fertilizers is emitting harmful chemicals into the
air, hence increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases.
29
2. Supporting Idea 2: Agricultural activities further intensify the

problem through consuming fossil fuels for fertilizer production
and farm operations which emit carbon dioxide, oxides of
nitrogen, sulfur oxides, and particulates.
B- Detail 2: Industrial Revolution
1. Supporting Idea 1: The industrial revolution is another
economic cause since factories are excessively and unduly
burning fossil fuels.
2. Supporting Idea 2: Contaminating, thus, the air around us and
endangering the whole of our ecosystem by destroying our
rainforests and endangering flora and fauna life.
III-Clincher/Concluding Sentence: As such one must beware the causes of
such a disaster in order to be able to curb and curtail it lest it
annihilates the world the way we know it.
Assessment Test
Part One: Reading (Score: 11)

Read the following article, and then answer the questions that follow.
The Problem With Energy Efficiency
By Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhausoct (8, 2014)
1 OAKLAND, Calif. — ON Tuesday, the Royal Swedish Academy of

Sciences awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics to three researchers
whose work contributed to the development of a radically more efficient
form of lighting known as light-emitting diodes, or LEDs.
2 In announcing the award, the academy said, “Replacing light bulbs
and fluorescent tubes with LEDs will lead to a drastic reduction of
electricity requirements for lighting.” The president of the Institute of
Physics noted: “With 20 percent of the world’s electricity used for lighting,
it’s been calculated that optimal use of LED lighting could reduce this to 4
percent.”
3 The winners, Shuji Nakamura, an American, and Isamu Akasaki and
Hiroshi Amano, both from Japan, justly deserve their Nobel, and should be
commended for creating a technology that produces the same amount of
30
light with less energy. But it would be a mistake to assume that LEDs will
significantly reduce overall energy consumption.
4 LED’s are but the latest breakthrough in lighting efficiency.
Consider the series of accelerated lighting revolutions ushered in by the
Industrial Revolution. In the early and mid-1800s, for instance, “town gas”
made from coal was developed and used to illuminate streetlights. Whale oil
became the preferred indoor lighting fuel for upper-income Americans until
it was replaced by more efficient kerosene lamps. And then, finally, in the
late 19th century, the electric light bulb emerged.
5 Along the way, demand would rise for these new technologies and
increase as new ways were found to use them. This led to more overall
energy consumption. From outer space, you can see the results of this long
progression of illumination. More and more of the planet is dotted with
clusters of lights.
6 There is no reason to think that the trend lines for demand for LED
lighting will be any different, especially as incomes rise and the desire for
this cheaper technology takes hold in huge, emerging economies like China,
India and Nigeria, where the sheer volume of the demand will be likely to
trump the efficiency gains.
7 Energy-efficient lighting has been, without question, a boon for
economic development. Over the past two centuries, the real cost of
illumination in Britain has declined by a factor of 3,000, largely because of
efficiency improvements, according to the researchers Roger Fouquet of the
London School of Economics and Peter J. G. Pearson of Imperial College,
London. This cheap lighting technology is used today not just to light our
streets, workplaces and homes but for televisions, computers and
cellphones.
8 These productivity improvements are a primary driver of long-term
economic growth. Especially in developing economies, cheap, energy-
efficient lighting will almost certainly allow poor people to bring modern
lighting into their homes much faster than they otherwise would. And that
will almost certainly result in faster growth in energy demand globally.
9 The growing evidence that low-cost efficiency often leads to faster
energy growth was recently considered by both the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change and the International Energy Agency. They concluded
that energy savings associated with new, more energy efficient technologies
31
were likely to result in significant “rebounds,” or increases, in energy

consumption. This means that very significant percentages of energy
savings will be lost to increased energy consumption.
10 The I.E.A. and I.P.C.C. estimate that the rebound could be over 50
percent globally. Recent estimates and case studies have suggested that in
many energy-intensive sectors of developing economies, energy-saving
technologies may backfire, meaning that increased energy consumption
associated with lower energy costs because of higher efficiency may in fact
result in higher energy consumption than there would have been without
those technologies.
11 That’s not a bad thing. Most people in the world, still struggling to
achieve modern living standards, need to consume more energy, not less.
Cheap LED and other more efficient energy technologies will be
overwhelmingly positive for people and economies all over the world.
12 But LED and other ultra-efficient lighting technologies are unlikely
to reduce global energy consumption or reduce carbon emissions. If we are
to make a serious dent in carbon emissions, there is no escaping the need to
shift to cleaner sources of energy.

Questions A.
1. What is the author’s claim?(Score: 0.5)

2. What message is the writer trying to convey through the examples listed
in paragraph 4? What purpose do they serve? Justify your answer.(Score:
01) 3. What arguments does the author present to support his claim? Are
they convincing enough? Explain.(Score: 01)
4. Based on the article and your general knowledge, what conclusions can
you make about any new technological advancement that is introduced to
the market?(Score: 01)
B.
1. What method does the writer use in paragraph 1 to introduce the article?
What purpose(s) does this technique serve? Support your answer with
evidence.(Score: 01)
2. What is the thematic relation between paragraphs 11 and 12? Justify your
answer. (Score: 01)
32
3. Describe the writer’s tone in paragraph 11. Support your answer with
evidence.
4. (Score: 1.5)
5. How effective is the concluding paragraph?(Score: 01)
6. Identify the pattern(s) of each of the following sentences, and then write
the indicator(s).(Score: 1.5)
a. If we are to make a serious dent in carbon emissions, there is no
escaping the need to shift to cleaner sources of energy.
b.Over the past two centuries, the real cost of illumination in Britain has
declined by a factor of 3,000, largely because of efficiency
improvements, according to the researchers Roger Fouquet of the
London School of Economics and Peter J. G. Pearson of Imperial
College, London.
c. And then, finally, in the late 19th century, the electric light bulb
emerged.
C. Find words that have the same meaning as the following:(Score:0.5)
a. best(paragraph 2)
b. benefit (paragraph 7)
D. Summarize paragraph 9in one sentence.(Score: 01)
Part Two: Writing (Score: 09)
In the above text, the author claims that LED will not significantly reduce
energy consumption. In your opinion, what are some of the factors that
cause an increase in energy consumption and what impact does this increase
have in this world? State your opinion in a well-structured essay. See that, in
your introduction, you put your reader in the general atmosphere of your
topic and clearly provide a thesis statement, and that each of your body
supporting details. Draft, revise and proofread your essay. Your writing will
be assessed for both ideas and form.
(Score: 05 for ideas; 03 for language and style; 01 for neatness)
Answer Key
A.
1. It would be a mistake to assume that LEDs will significantly reduce
overall energy consumption.(Score: 0.5)
33
2. The examples given in the paragraph demonstrate the evolution of

lighting means between the 1800s and 1900s. The writer supplies these
to show that evolution in lighting means has been ongoing. Each was
important until it was replaced by something improved.(Score: 01)
3. The author supports his claim by explaining that because the innovations
in cheap and efficient energy will be accessible to more people, the rise in
demand for these innovations will make up for the energy saved. Also
these innovations will be in demand in developing countries because they
boost the economy. (Score: 01)
4. All devices are in demand when they are first introduced; however, they
are easily replaced. (Score: 01) B.
1.The author introduces the text using an anecdote. He relies on this method
to draw reader’s attention and arouse curiosity as he narrates how three
researchers won the Nobel Prize for the invention of LED. (Score: 01)
2. The thematic relation is that of Contrast. The author uses the word
“But” to reveal this connection.(Score: 01)
3. The tone is positive/ optimistic/ looking at the benefits. (Score:1.5)
4. It reinforces his claim and provides a suggestion that these can help,
but to reduce the consumption of energy, we have to resort to cleaner
sources.
(Score: 01)
5. (Score: 1.5)
a. Condition b. Time order and cause/effect c. Time order
C. (Score: 0.5)
a. optimal
b. boon
D. Suggested summary (Score: 01)
The writer in paragraph 9 explains that new evidence shows that low-cost
efficiency results in more consumption of energy.
34
UNIT FOUR: Adolescence
Lesson One: Adolescent Anxiety (pages 73-80)
Connecting to Theme
1. Anxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something
with an uncertain outcome.
2. Teenagers may become anxious due to relationship trouble, domestic
problems, university or their major choice among other matter.
3. Parents could listen to teens’ worries, be supportive, and give advice.
Select the best answer.
1. a 2. a 3. c
1. The main reason behind teens’ anxiety is the enrollment in college and
the hard work and competition that entails.
2. Teens are getting involved in sports and taking the SAT test multiple
times and studying extra hard to get high grades.
3. Parents are paying huge amounts of money and putting in a lot of energy
and time to make sure their kids get into a good university. That is why a
student’s failure to get into the ‘right’ college is so upsetting.
4. Adults have a huge responsibility. They are not expected only to keep
pushing their kids to become perfect and content; they need, along with
others such as policy makers, leaders, educators, and others, to build
“bridges” that ease communication and consequently move towards a
better future and environment.
5. Suggested answer: Teens may be anxious about their future and about
whether they should remain in their native country or travel abroad away
from their friends and family.
1. The author starts her article with a shocking or startling fact. She includes
numbers to show that more teens today are experiencing stress and
anxiety than before. The author uses this method to grab the reader’s
attention, arouse his curiosity and introduce the topic of teens’ anxiety
over college enrolment.
35
2. The author achieves coherence between paragraphs 7 and 8 by using

indirect cohesive devices. The author uses repetition when she uses
“those days” at the beginning of paragraph 8 to refer to the time she
applied to college. Synonyms such as “worries” in paragraph 7 and
“pressure cooker” in paragraph 8 are used.
3. The thematic relation between paragraphs 4 and 5 is that of contrast. The
author uses the transitional word “yet” as a direct cohesive device to
show contrast between the paragraphs. In paragraph 4 the author
describes the efforts and pressure the teens face to reach their goal of the
‘right’ college. In paragraph 5, the author points out that even all these
efforts may not be enough for students to get into the right college which
is devastating for their parents.
4. The tone of the last piece of advice is encouraging/ uplifting/ cheery/
enthusiastic. The author asks the teens to resist the negativity of the
surrounding culture and have confidence in who they are regardless of
materialistic possessions and achievements. Words and phrases such as
“celebrating”, “unique developmental process”, “you are valuable and
precious”, “smile on your face” and “priceless” convey the author’s tone.
5. The author achieves credibility by relying on a variety of evidence. First,
the author includes numbers in her introduction when she describes the
increasing rates of anxiety among teens “1 in 30 to 2 in 30”. The author
also quotes Jason Bradley, Amber Lutz, and Dr. Sharon Sevier all of
whom explain the causes behind this increasing anxiety among teens. The
author even includes her own story of college enrollment, which was
fairly simple, to create a contrast between that and the way teens are
dealing with college applications today. Last but not least, the author
refers to a Lancet 2007 Global Mental Health Report to point out the
seriousness of the matter since the report results indicate that mental
problems may start around puberty which is the age when students start to
feel the pressure of college.
6. The conclusion is effective. The author sums up the main idea of the text
which is why teens are stressed nowadays more than before. The author
then repeats her solution which calls for unconditional love and
understanding of these teens.
7. There is an example of metaphor in the sentence “ Adults can’t keep
pushing kids through endless hoops and fanning the flames of
perfectionism and expect them to be healthy and content.” The metaphor
36
compares perfectionism to a fire that parents keep feeding and increasing

with their pressure on their children.
Developing Skills
1. Select from the text words that are closest in meaning to the following.
a. unattainable (paragraph 5)
b. onset (paragraph 10)
c. deter (paragraph 11-c)
2. Suggested Paraphrase
In the article, ‘The Anti-Anxiety Message Our Kids Must Hear’ by Kristen
Lee Costa, paragraph 8 states that times have changed. The process of
getting into college has become cruel. It causes all those involved such as
parents, the kids and teacher a lot of strain that negatively affects their
psyche.
3.
a. It (paragraph 4): putting herself (Angelica) under stress
b. This (paragraph 5): failing at test time
c. it (paragraph 9): taking “wellbeing into account
d. this (paragraph 12): scoring, achieving high standards, and getting into
the right school
37
Lesson Two: Boys World

‘Boys Have Deep Emotional Lives’
Connecting to Theme
4. Girls usually express their feelings more openly and easily than boys.
Answers will vary
5. Answers vary.
Approaching the text
1. b 2. a 3. b 4.a
1. People believe that boys care only about pleasure, and are insensitive and
shallow. According to paragraph 4, the young man’s mother believes her
son has moved on to another relationship or is interested in going out with
another girl to have fun. Fathers do not discuss emotions with their sons
or indirectly reinforce the idea of seeking pleasure and fun.
2. The sentence “they box boys in, but they’re not aware of it” means that
parents treat their boys in a stereotypical manner that limits the boys and
doesn’t allow them to be themselves/ boys are inadvertently trapped in a
box of expected stereotypical behavior and mentality by parents.
3. Boys could face relationship problems in the future because they are seen
as or believed to be insensitive. As men, they may not be expected to feel
with their partners or may be misunderstood if they express their feelings
in a non-traditional manner since they have not learned how to express
them well.
4. Both, Weisman and Donna Freitas, agree that boys are not taught to
communicate their feelings. However, they seem to disagree over the
method of expressing these feelings. Weisman believes talking is not the
method to adopt with boys. She believes that if boys have adult role
models whose relationships are healthy, they will learn from these adults.
5. Weisman blames mothers and fathers who perpetuate the stereotypes
about boys. She also blames teachers, who are not adequately prepared to
deal with boys, and schools that send the wrong message about the
acceptable and healthy behavior boys need to adopt.
38
1. The first two paragraphs make up the introduction. The author uses an
anecdote to introduce his article. He narrates how Weisman’s first book
was turned into a successful movie about teen girls which made the
author an authority on teenagers. He also mentions her second book
which focuses on boys. The author uses this type of introduction to grab
the reader’s attention, arouse his curiosity and provide background
information about the topic of teenage boys and their feelings.
2. The thematic relation between paragraphs 4 and 5 is that of addition and
reinforcement. In paragraph 4, the author states that mothers are
responsible for perpetuating common stereotypes about beings being
shallow and insensitive. Paragraph 5 reinforces this idea by adding the
examples of what fathers do or fail to do which reinforces the
stereotypical perception and treatment of boys. The indicator is the word
“also”.
3. The tone in paragraph 6 seems to be disapproving / reproachful / critical /
and a bit sarcastic. The author believes that talking isn’t the best way. In
fact, he suggests role modeling and describes talking as “stupid”.
4. The author achieves coherence between paragraphs 11 and 12 by using
indirect links. There is first, the repetition of key words and ideas such as
“model” and “modeling”. The author in both paragraphs suggests ways to
teach boys how to express their feelings and deal with them in a healthy
way. This is shown in the use of the adjective “another”.
5. The author uses a variety of evidence. First, the author quotes experts on
the matter of teen boys and girls such as Weisman, Donna Freitas, and
Daphne Rose Kingma. All these have written about teen boys in
particular so they are considered authorities on the matter at hand. The
author also makes use of examples from real life of some boys themselves
such as the one who broke up with his girlfriend. All these contribute to
proving the author’s credibility.
6. The irony in paragraph 11 is situational. Parents fail to be the right model
to their children and consequently lose credibility. They always act
“versus what they say to their young boys.” According to Wiseman, this
is as important as conversation.
Developing Skills
1.
Adults’/Parents’ Deadly Mistakes
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1. Highlighting /Keeping the negative aspects of boy world

2. Not talking with children about healthy relationships
3. Unintentionally pushing children to live the stereotype
4. Teaching them to be unfeeling
5. Creating a culture that prevents them from being creative
2.
Problem Rosalind’s Suggested Solution
Social relationship Parents’ role modeling
Conducting argument
Respecting(not insulting) person’s sexual
identity
Admitting that boys have feelings and
consequently adjusting to the ways boys
express their feelings
3. Select from the text words that are closest in meaning to the following. a.
vetted
b. barraged
c. bare
d. attuned
4. In paragraph 14 of the article ‘Boys Have Deep Emotional Lives’, the
author includes Weisman’s opinion on the falsehood of a common belief
about the popular guys being insensitive and enjoying their time more
than others.
WRITING TECHNIQUES
Problem-solution Essay
 Questions
1. Refer back to model 1 to fill in the following graphic organizer.
Introduction: Triangle of techniques
1st Hook It goes without saying that raising teenagers is like nailing Jell-O to a tree, for
adolescence is the toughest period that a parent has to cope with. The quote,
“Adolescence is a period of rapid changes. Between the ages of 12 and 17, for
example, a parent ages as much as 20 years.” is there to display the strenuous
period of time that parents have to deal with while safeguarding and raising
their teens. This is due to the challenges and risks that surround teenagers. As
such, communities ought to beware the way in which their youth are being
40
raised and the ways in which they cope with the predicaments they might
encounter.
2nd Lead-in-Sentence
Unfortunately, nowadays teenagers are being exposed to more detrimental
and lethal conflicts and dilemmas, especially with the progress of
technological innovations and the drastic alternations in their society and
values due to globalization.
3rd Thesis
Those problems vary between social and emotional and require severe
Statement precautions and measures to be taken by parents and teachers.

2. What method of development has the writer used in the above model? The
author uses a point-by-point method since he/she discusses the causes,
effects, and possible solutions for the problem at hand in each body
paragraph. 3. Underline the topic sentence in body paragraphs 1 and 2.
Topic Sentence 1: Some of the predicaments encountered by youth are
social ones like peer pressure and bullying.
Topic Sentence 2: Yet another set of problems faced by teenagers is the
emotional one which includes the need to search for one’s identity, lack
of self-confidence, and depression.
4. How are paragraphs 2 and 3 thematically related? Give evidence.
Paragraphs 2 and 3 are thematically related through idea elaboration
and addition since paragraph 2 presents one of the problems encountered
by teenagers, social problems, their causes, effects and solutions, and the
2nd body paragraph adds to the problems encountered by adolescents,
which are the emotional ones, along with their causes, effects, and
possible solutions. The term “yet another” signals such a thematic
relation between these two paragraphs.
5. Suggest another suitable title for the above model. Justify your choice
Answers will vary, but students should make sure that their title
corresponds to the main idea of the text.
Assessment Test
Why Teenagers Act Crazy

By Richard A. Friedman
Part One: Reading Comprehension (Score: 11)
41
Read the following text in which the psychiatrist, Richard Friedman,

explains how and why emotions like fear and anxiety develop during
adolescence. When you are done with the reading, answer the questions that
follow.
1. ADOLESCENCE is
practically synonymous with risk
taking, emotional drama and all forms of
outlandish behavior. Until very recently, the
widely accepted explanation for adolescent
angst has been psychological.
Developmentally, teenagers face a number of
social and emotional challenges, like starting to
separate from their parents, getting accepted
into a peer group and figuring out who they
really are. It doesn’t take a psychoanalyst to realize that these are
anxietyprovoking transitions.
2. But there is a darker side to adolescence that, until now, was poorly
understood: a rush during teenage years in anxiety and fearfulness. Largely
because of a quirk of brain development, adolescents, on average,
experience more anxiety and fear and have a harder time learning how not to
be afraid than either children or adults.
3. Different regions and circuits of the brain mature at very different
rates. It turns out that the brain circuit for processing fear — the amygdala
— is precocious and develops way ahead of the prefrontal cortex, the seat of
reasoning and executive control. This means that adolescents have a brain
that is wired with an enhanced capacity for fear and anxiety, but is relatively
underdeveloped when it comes to calm reasoning.
4. You may wonder why, if adolescents have such enhanced capacity
for anxiety, they are such novelty seekers and risk takers. It would seem that
the two traits are at odds. The answer, in part, is that the brain’s reward
center, just like its fear circuit, matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex.
That reward center drives much of teenagers’ risky behavior. This
behavioral paradox also helps explain why adolescents are particularly prone
to injury and trauma.
The top three killers of teenagers are accidents, homicide and suicide.
42
5. The brain-development lag has huge implications for how we think

about anxiety and how we treat it. It suggests that anxious adolescents may
not be very responsive to psychotherapy that attempts to teach them to be
unafraid, like cognitive behavior therapy, which is zealously prescribed for
teenagers.
6. Most adolescents do not develop anxiety disorders, but acquire the
skill to modulate their fear as their prefrontal cortex matures in young
adulthood, at around age 25. But up to 20 percent of adolescents in the
United States experience a diagnosable anxiety disorder, like generalized
anxiety or panic attacks, probably resulting from a mix of genetic factors
and environmental influences.
7. Of course, we all experience anxiety. Among other things, it’s a
normal emotional response to threatening situations. The hallmark of an
anxiety disorder is the persistence of anxiety that causes intense distress and
interferes with functioning even in safe settings, long after any threat has
receded. In one study using brain M.R.I., researchers at Weill Cornell
Medical College and Stanford University found that when adolescents were
shown fearful faces, they had exaggerated responses in the amygdala
compared with children and adults.
8. The amygdala is a region buried deep beneath
the cortex that is critical in evaluating and responding
to fear. It sends and receives connections to our
prefrontal cortex alerting us to danger even before we
have had time to really think about it. Think of that
split-second adrenaline surge when you see what
appears to be a snake out on a hike in the woods. That
instantaneous fear is your amygdala in action. Then you circle back,
take another look and this time your prefrontal cortex tells you it was just a
harmless stick.
9. Thus, the fear circuit is a two-way street. While we have limited
control over the fear alarm from our amygdala, our prefrontal cortex can
effectively exert top-down control, giving us the ability to more accurately
assess the risk in our environment. Because the prefrontal cortex is one of
the last brain regions to mature, adolescents have far less ability to modulate
emotions.
10. B. J. Casey, a professor of psychology at Weill Cornell Medical
College, has studied fear learning in a group of children, adolescents and
43
adults. Subjects were shown a colored square at the same time that they were
exposed to an aversive noise. The colored square, previously a neutral
stimulus, became associated with an unpleasant sound and elicited a fear
response similar to that elicited by the sound. What Dr. Casey and her
colleagues found was that there were no differences between the subjects in
the acquisition of fear conditioning.
11. But when Dr. Casey trained the subjects to essentially unlearn the
association between the colored square and the noise, something very
different happened. With fear extinction, subjects are repeatedly shown the
colored square in the absence of the noise. Now the square, also known as
the conditioned stimulus, loses its ability to elicit a fear response. Dr. Casey
discovered that adolescents had a much harder time “unlearning” the link
between the colored square and the noise than children or adults did.
12. The question remains “Might our promiscuous use of stimulants
impair the ability of adolescents to suppress learned fear and make them
more fearful adults? “What we do know is this: Adolescents are not just
carefree novelty seekers and risk takers; they are uniquely vulnerable to
anxiety and have a hard time learning to be unafraid of passing dangers.
Parents have to realize that adolescent anxiety is to be expected, and to
comfort their teenagers by reminding them that they will grow up and out of
it soon enough.
(New York Times, June28, 2014)
 Questions
A- Answer each of the following questions in 2-4 sentences of your own:
1. According to the text, what reasons are behind teenagers’ feelings of
anxiety and fear? Explain. (1 pt.)
2. In reference to paragraph 4, how does the brain’s reward center contribute
to perform a risky behavior? (1 pt.)
3. How do the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex control anxiety? (1 pt.)
4. Summarize Dr. Casey’s study focusing on its purpose and results. (1 pt.)
5. As a teenager, do you agree with Friedman’s conclusions? Justify your
response. (1 pt.)
1. How is the title related to the text? Explain. (1 pt.)
2. How does Friedman achieve credibility? (1 pt.)
44
3. What is the pattern of organization of the underlined sentences in the text:

(1 pt./0.5 each)
4. What is the thematic link between paragraph 6 and 7? (1 pt.)
C- Grammar:
1. Scan paragraphs 2 and 3 to find an adverb clause, write its type and
change it into an adverb phrase. (1 pt.)
D- Vocabulary and Pronouns:
1. Find the meanings of the following words based on context clues. (1
pt./ 0.25 each)
1. zealously 5
2. modulate 9
3. aversive 10
4. promiscuous 12
2. Identify the referents of the bolded words in the text. (1 pt./ 0.25 each)
1. They 1
2. It 4
3. It 5
4. They 7
E- Writing: (8/ 20)
“Our problems as teenagers can either make us or break us. We all get hurt
no matter how much we try to act tough, but truly and honestly, we
shouldn’t worry because everybody goes his or her own storms”, C.M (age
15). Anxiety is a general term for several disorders that cause nervousness,
fear and worrying. These disorders affect how we feel and behave, and they
can manifest real physical symptoms. People often experience a general state
of worry or fear before confronting something challenging such as a test,
45
examination, or interview. These feelings are easily justified and considered

normal. In a personal narrative essay, describe in detail an anxious
situation that you passed through and how you overcame it.
and clearly provide a thesis statement, and that each of your body paragraphs
starts with a topic sentence which you back up with relevant supporting
details. Draft, revise, and proofread your essay.
pts.
for coherence and 1 pt. for mechanics)
Answer Key
A- Answer each of the following questions in 2-4 sentences of your own:

1. There are different reasons for teenagers’ feelings of anxiety and fear one
is more psychological where they’re becoming more independent and
separating from their parents and attempting to fit in with their peers and
the other has to do with their brain development which is not complete at
that stage.
2. The reward center matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex and it is the
part that stimulates teenagers to engage in risky behavior.
3. The amygdala is a region buried deep beneath the cortex that is critical in
evaluating and responding to fear. It works by sending and receiving
connections to a teenagers prefrontal cortex alerting them to danger even
before they have had time to really think about it, this develops earlier
and therefore teenagers usually don’t have the ability to distinguish if the
danger is real because that is the job of the prefrontal cortex which
basically sends information alerting the brain that there’s no danger.
4. Answers may vary
5. Answers may vary
1. The title is directly related to the text because it is called “ Teenagers Act
Crazy” and the text explain why teenagers act crazy and are anxious .
2. He does that by using scientific facts and referring to professional people
who have done research (examples might vary )
3. Sentence 1, paragraph 2: contrast Sentence 1, paragraph 8: definition
46
4. Addition (idea enhancement) because the author is adding to the idea that
teenagers get anxious and explaining that it is normal for people to feel
anxious.
C- Grammar:
1 Clause: because of a quirk of brain development, adolescents… Type:
Cause
D- Vocabulary and Pronouns:
1. Find the meanings of the following words based on context clues. (1
pt./ 0.25 each)
1. zealously 5 Obsessively
2. modulate 9 control
3. aversive 10 Loud/distracting
4. promiscuous 12 Unrestrained
2. Identify the referents of the bolded words in the text. (1 pt./ 0.25 each)
1. They 1 teenagers
2. It 4 The two ideas being different
3. It 5 Brain development lag
4. They 7 Adolescents
47
UNIT FIVE: Literature
Lesson One: The Road Not Taken

The choices we make dictate the lives we lead. To thine own self be true.
~William Shakespeare, ‘Hamlet’
Approaching the Poem
1. What common problems do teenagers face involving choice of one or
more “roads”?
2. Are the choices you make as teenagers the same as the ones you make as
an adult? How are they different?
3. What recent difficult choice did you have to make? Who do you turn to
for advice when you need to make hard choices?
Read the first stanza of “The Road Not Taken” and answer the
following questions.
1. What do you think the yellow wood symbolizes in the
first line?
Answers will vary- an empty wilderness where one can roam freely
2. What difficult choice does the speaker need to make?
To choose one road between the two at hand
3. Which line indicates an unknown path lies ahead? Line
5 – To where it bent in the undergrowth
Responding to the Poem
Part A: On the blank provided, write T if the statement is true or F if
the statement is False.
a. In the “The Road Not Taken,” the speaker comes to a fork in the road.
____T____
b. The speaker in “The Road Not Taken” says both roads are identical.
____F____
c. The speaker in “The Road Not Taken” takes both roads at different
times. ____F____
d. The speaker in “The Road Not Taken” seems to be someone who is
not willing to take chances. ____F____
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e. In the concluding stanza the speaker says: “I shall be telling this with
a sigh” implies the speaker regrets what he is doing. ___F______
Comprehending the Poem
1. What are the differences between the two roads?
One is common and known by many the other is dissimilar and
untrodden and known by none.
2. Is the author happy with his choice? Yes
3. Look at this line from the poem: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I
took the one less traveled by...Why does the author repeat ‘I‘twice? What
effect does it have on the poem?
The emphasize there are no regrets having made this choice
4. What does the poet mean when he says: “Yet knowing how way leads on
to way...”
One thing will always lead to another
5. A moral is something that you can learn from an experience, a story, or a
poem. Does this poem have a moral?
Yes, the choices the individual makes dictates the life s/he leads
Stylistic Features
Symbolism – is the use of a concrete image (symbol) to present an abstract
idea. For example: a white dove may symbolize peace.
1. Fill in the table below using the following word bank:
Fall- freedom of choice- unknown path- with the same judgment-Fresh and
untouched
Phrase It symbolizes
the woods (line 1) Freedom of choice
yellow wood (line 1) Fall
bent in the undergrowth (line 5) Unknown path
then took the other, as just as fair (line 6) With the same judgment
it was grassy (line 8) Fresh and untouched
2. How would you describe the tone of “The Road Not Taken”?
Hesitant yet solemn and serious.
3. In your opinion, what do the diverging roads symbolize?
A point where choices are made.
49
4. What motivated the speaker to take one road and not the other?
Curiosity to go down the one less taken as this choice will deeply affect
his future…‘grassy and wanted wear’
5. What is the thematic relationship between stanzas one and two? Justify
Cause –effect observing the first led the speaker to do the same with the
other.
6. According to lines 6-12, is the road the speaker took noticeably different
from the one not taken?
Yes, almost no one had traveled this before unlike the one he didn’t take.
Developing Skills
Find words from the poem that are similar in meaning to:
a. Small trees growing beneath larger trees: undergrowth
b. Demand recognition of right: claim
c. To be uncertain about: doubt
d. To let one’s breath as a sign of relief: sigh
Responding to the Poem
In an argumentative essay of 350-400 words, to what degree do you think
the choices people make are determined by their cultural values and
backgrounds? In your response, focus on major decisions such as—choice
of major at university, career, marriage, and place of residence--- and
suggest how these kinds of choices determine what one becomes because of
these decisions.
50
Lesson Two: Gabriel Garcia Marquez

1. “The Most Handsome Drowned Man in the World” is a postcolonial short
story that reflects on a world that has been left in a state of desolation.
The causes of this state are not overtly discussed in this story. However,
the multitude of Gabriel Garcia Marquez work points an accusing finger
at the political regime dominant at his time. What are some other factors
that play a role in the fall of nations and the destruction of countries?
Political Tyranny of the ruler
An ineffective centralized state
An ineffective voting system
The illusion of democracy instead of democracy
Social Exploitation of citizens

Poverty
Forced labor
Racism
Decline in morals and values
Economic Control of extractive economic institutions

Lack of incentives encouragement for innovation
Deficiency in opportunities for citizens
Low wages
Religious No religious tolerance

Fights amongst various sects of the same religion
Fanaticism and terrorism
2. In what ways does literature contribute in fueling revolutions and setting

a framework for a future that man can aspire to?
Literature is a major contributor to change towards the better. It points a
finger at the errors of a nation and exposes the weakness in any political
or social system. It discusses these weaknesses, render their causes and
51
suggest possible solutions or even revolutions. It is an alternative way

for fighting injustice and breaking falsity and tyranny.
Skim through paragraphs one and two in the above story. Choose the
best completion.
1. a 2. b 3. c
Comprehending the Author’s Ideas
1. How did the children behave around the drowned man? Does their
behavior strike you as an ordinary one? Explain.
The children played with him burying him in the sand and digging him
up again. Their reaction towards the drowned man seems rather off
because they do not show any indication of fear nor they show an
understanding of the nature of death. They are blind to the fact that his
lack of life separates him from them.
2. How does the description of the setting in paragraph 3 reflect the lives of
the villagers?
The village is described as a “desert like cape” where no flowers grow.
It is a dry and windy place with nothing extraordinary about it. The
setting reflects the lives of the villagers which is as dry and colorless as
their village with nothing to add joy and interest to it.
3. Isolation is a major theme in Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s literature. How is
it presented in the short story you have read? Discuss with reference to
the text.
Isolation as a theme appears vividly in “The Handsomest Drowned Man
in the World”. The village itself is an isolated place at “the end of a
desert like cape”. The sea that surrounds it also isolates it from the
external world. The drowned man is also an isolated being due to his
magnificent size that might have kept any desired company away.
However, death has liberated the huge man from his isolation and his
arrival has brought the villagers together through the common belief in
myth and the desire for self-improvement.
4. Instead of providing the villagers with a living larger than life man,
Marquez chose a protagonist who is a larger than life dead man. What is
the significance of this characterization? Do you think it served the
purpose the author intended it to have? Explain
52
Marquez chose a dead protagonist to indicate that a true change comes

from within. Being dead, the drowned man does not impose his own
visions nor inspire the villagers through his actions. He is to each
individual in the village what this individual desires him to be. The
children treat him as another child. Women compare him to their
husbands and see in him the physical agility and power their husbands
lack. Men see in him sincerity and a glimpse of their own suffering. They
regard him as a Christ figure who sacrifices his life to redeem theirs. He
inspires them to change rather than force their hand in it. Marquez is
successful in his use of the dead protagonist since the latter motivates
people to connect to others and makes them better people as a result.
5. Although the drowned man is denied the power of speech, he is
considered a round character. How does Esteban change in the course of
the short story?
The drowned man is classified as a round character. Although he cannot
speak for himself, he has many physical traits that speak for him. He is
huge and ridiculously good looking with a strong built body. He is a man
that does not have enough space in the villagers’ imagination, and they
have to stretch for him to fit in. Although he is a static character who
changes only in the head of the villagers as they create their own myth
about him. He starts as a drowned man and ends as a cherished member
of the village. The citizens are inspired by the stories that they have
created about him
6. How does the spirit of the villagers change as a result of their experience
with Esteban? In what way do their new plans for the village reflect their
change?
All through the story the villagers are not individualized, but are
portrayed as one group. No one in the village is named, but they find it
vital to give the drowned man a name. at the beginning, the men disliked
Esteban thinking that their wives would soon stop thinking about them
when they are away at sea and dream on drowned men. Later, the
villagers become inspired by the stories they have formulated in their
heads about the drowned man. He becomes their hero as they prepare a
splendid funeral for him. As a way of honoring Esteban, the villagers
widen the doors of their houses and build the ceilings higher so his
memory could go everywhere. They plan to paint their house fronts
bright colors, dig for springs on the cliffs and plant flowers to be worthy
of Esteban.
53
7. What is Marquez saying about the power of myth?

Myth, according to Marquez, has the power to cause a real and dramatic
change for the people reading it as it did for the villagers who
experienced it.
1. Identify the story’s possible symbols and discuss their significance.
The bare lands The barren life of the villagers
The sea The unknown
The gardens and springs The hope for a better future
The flowers The ability to inspire
The drowned man The most important symbol
He represents inspiration and change
2. Marquez draws his drowned man image using superlative adjectives.
How does his use of language, superlative adjectives in particular, serve
the text?
The author draws the drowned man with superlative adjectives that
present him as a bigger than life man. Normally it is impossible for such
a man to exist. He was the tallest man they have ever seen so that the
clothes of the tallest one among them did not fit him. He weighed more
than any dead man. He “was the tallest strongest, most virile and most
equipped man they had ever seen”. The use of superlative in this manner
shows that the impossible can happen. The villagers are given a proof
that the great and magnificent can exist, and the dead man is a proof of
that. Now they can aspire to be great themselves because after all it is
not as impossible and far fetched as they thought.
3. Some critics have characterized Garcia Marquez’s style of writing as
“magic realism”. Do you think this characterization is applicable to his
style in this story? Explain.
With its juxtaposition of ordinary details and extraordinary events, his
short story “The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World” is an example
of the style for which García Márquez is famous: magic realism. It is
certainly a fantasy that the body of the drowned man does not stink but
rather ends up smelling like roses. The size of the drowned man is
beyond man’s comprehension, but the villagers do not seem to question it
causes. Their only concern is to give him a proper burial.
54
4. What is the tone in the last paragraph? Hopeful

WRITING TECHNIQUES
Narrative Writing
 Questions:
1. What experience does the above narrative essay tackle?
The narrative essay above displays a glimpse of the reality of things and
how life goes on regardless of what one might do to set the records
straight, highlighting man as a speck of dust in the larger scheme of
things.
2. A narrative piece can be more effective in communicating man’s
concerns and the issues that control his world than the analytical essay.
What global issues does the above essay explore?
Some of the issues explored in this text are corruption, discrimination,
materialism, and revolution.
3. Narrative essays are subjective essays because they use descriptive and
sensory information to engage the reader and touch on his feelings. Refer
to the essay to find two sensory details which you thought were
interesting and discuss them.
Some of the sensory details are “warm and cozy”, “shiny and enigmatic
blue eyes”, “trembling hand”, and “birds chirped their usual
nonchalant songs”, and the figures of speech include “like a preacher
amongst his parish”, “an underground monster”, and “trodden upon
slave of the system”. Students should discuss what these sensory details
add to the text and the reader.
4. Refer to the introductory paragraph to identify the:
- hook : “Has my clock struck thirteen? Has my life metamorphosed
into a bright cold day in an April lost in time?” Thomas thought as he
wandered the half deserted streets of Jefferson County holding tightly to
his version of Orwell’s 1984. Loaded by the burdens of fatherhood, his
shoulders bent under the weight adding decades to the forty years he had
started to call suffering. The mortgage was too much after he had lost
his job. His son was finishing high school in a couple of months and just
a step away from college. “More expenses”, he pondered pensively.
Would he crumble like Winston under truth’s pressure? Would he throw
in the towel and walk away to survive the tyranny of the system? The
image of Winston destroyed, a shell of a man was printed in his head, but
55
the face was his. He shuddered at the image and tried to focus. “Let evil
be countered with evil”, Thomas smiled sadistically.
- tie in/lead-in:: If robbing the bank was the best he could do to give
capitalism a taste of its poison, so be it.
- thesis statement: Little did he know that he was fueling a fire which
will combust what was left of his existence.
5. Suggest a suitable title for the above essay.
Answers will vary, but students should ensure that their title corresponds
to the main idea of the text.
56
Assessment Test
One of These Days by Gabriel Garcia
Marquez (1928-2014)
Monday dawned warm and rainless. Aurelio Escovar, a dentist without a
degree, and a very early riser, opened his office at six. He took some false
teeth, still mounted in their plaster mold, out of the glass case and put on the
table a fistful of instruments which he arranged in size order, as if they were
on display. He wore a collarless striped shirt, closed at the neck with a
golden stud, and pants held up by suspenders He was erect and skinny, with
a look that rarely corresponded to the situation, the way deaf people have of
looking.
When he had things arranged on the table, he pulled the drill toward the
dental chair and sat down to polish the false teeth. He seemed not to be
thinking about what he was doing, but worked steadily, pumping the drill
with his feet, even when he didn’t need it.
After eight he stopped for a while to look at the sky through the window,
and he saw two pensive buzzards who were drying themselves in the sun on
the ridgepole of the house next door. He went on working with the idea that
before lunch it would rain again. The shrill voice of his eleven year-old son
interrupted his concentration.
“Papa.”
“What?”
“The Mayor wants to know if you’ll pull his tooth.”
“Tell him I’m not here.”
He was polishing a gold tooth. He held it at arm’s length, and examined it
with his eyes half closed. His son shouted again from the little waiting
room.
“He says you are, too, because he can hear you.”
The dentist kept examining the tooth. Only when he had put it on the table
with the finished work did he say:
“So much the better.”
He operated the drill again. He took several pieces of a bridge out of a
cardboard box where he kept the things he still had to do and began to
polish the gold. “Papa.”
“What?”
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He still hadn’t changed his expression.

“He says if you don’t take out his tooth, he’ll shoot you.”
Without hurrying, with an extremely tranquil movement, he stopped
pedaling the drill, pushed it away from the chair, and pulled the lower
drawer of the table all the way out. There was a revolver. “O.K.,” he said.
“Tell him to come and shoot me.”
He rolled the chair over opposite the door, his hand resting on the edge of
the drawer. The Mayor appeared at the door. He had shaved the left side of
his face, but the other side, swollen and in pain, had a five-day-old beard.
The dentist saw many nights of desperation in his dull eyes. He closed the
drawer with his fingertips and said softly:
“Sit down.”
“Good morning,” said the Mayor.
“Morning,” said the dentist.
While the instruments were boiling, the Mayor leaned his skull on the
headrest of the chair and felt better. His breath was icy. It was a poor office:
an old wooden chair, the pedal drill, a glass case with ceramic bottles.
Opposite the chair was a window with a shoulder-high cloth curtain. When
he felt the dentist approach, the Mayor braced his heels and opened his
mouth.
Aurelio Escovar turned his head toward the light. After inspecting the
infected tooth, he closed the Mayor’s jaw with a cautious pressure of his
fingers.
“It has to be without anesthesia,” he said.
“Why?”
“Because you have an abscess.”
The Mayor looked him in the eye. “All right,” he said, and tried to smile.
The dentist did not return the smile. He brought the basin of sterilized
instruments to the worktable and took them out of the water with a pair of
cold tweezers, still without hurrying. Then he pushed the spittoon with the
tip of his shoe, and went to wash his hands in the washbasin. He did all this
without looking at the Mayor. But the Mayor didn’t take his eyes off him.
It was a lower wisdom tooth. The dentist spread his feet and grasped the
tooth with the hot forceps. The Mayor seized the arms of the chair, braced
his feet with all his strength, and felt an icy void in his kidneys, but didn’t
58
make a sound. The dentist moved only his wrist. Without rancor, rather with
a bitter tenderness, he said:
“Now you’ll pay for our twenty dead men.”
The Mayor felt the crunch of bones in his jaw, and his eyes filled with tears.
But he didn’t breathe until he felt the tooth come out. Then he saw it
through his tears. It seemed so foreign to his pain that he failed to
understand his torture of the five previous nights.
Bent over the spittoon, sweating, panting, he unbuttoned his tunic and
reached for the handkerchief in his pants pocket. The dentist gave him a
clean cloth.
“Dry your tears,” he said.
The Mayor did. He was trembling. While the dentist washed his hands, he
saw the crumbling ceiling and a dusty spider web with spider’s eggs and
dead insects. The dentist returned, drying his hands. “Go to bed,” he said,
“and gargle with salt water.” The Mayor stood up, said goodbye with a
casual military salute, and walked toward the door, stretching his legs,
without buttoning up his tunic. “Send the bill,” he said.
“To you or the town?”
The Mayor didn’t look at him. He closed the door and said through the
screen:
“It’s the same damn thing.”
 Questions
1. Despite being a very short story, “One of these Days” adequately
describes the political and social situations in Colombia. Discuss with
evidence from the text.
2. Corruption is a major theme in most of Garcia Marquez’s fiction. How
does it appear in the above short story? Discuss in reference to the text.
3. Did the dentist have any choice in treating the Mayor? Explain.
4. “Send the bill,” he said.
“To you or the town?”
The Mayor didn’t look at him. He closed the door and said through the
screen:
“It’s the same damn thing.”
Comment on the above quotation.
59
5. Write a short character analysis of the dentist. Do you think Marquez

should have left him nameless? How would referring to the dentist as just
“the dentist” have served the story?
6. Comment on the writer’s style and the absence of figures of speech in the
story.
7. Describe the conflict in the story. What other types of conflict appear in
the text?
Answer Key
1.
- poverty (the description of the office, the absence of degree)
- political crisis (the death of the 20 men)
2.
- the dentist is practicing without an official degree
- government knows about that and seeks his services in the form of the
mayor
- the town will pay for the services and not the mayor himself
3. No choice
The dentist has to treat the mayor or he will shoot him
However, the dentist takes advantage of the mayor’s vulnerability and
plucks his wisdom tooth with no anesthesia avenging the 2o dead men.
4. Despite the fact that the dentist had a moment of power during which he
enforced his will on the agonized mayor, the power has left him once the
mayor was free of his agony. The mayor goes back to his old ways once
he is liberated from the pain, and the dentist is placed in check
5. The dentist is abrupt and devoid of internal components. He doesn’t get
mad or show emotion before or after. Instead he’s described as speaking
to the mayor with a ‘bitter tenderness,’ which sounds like a tone a
friendly doctor may take with a patient who’s not following his
prescribed treatment. The dentist even moves fluidly and mechanically.
He doesn’t rush or get alarmed, even when threatened by the mayor.
6. Simple and straight to the point. The author does not embellish the piece
but rather keeps it as realistic as possible. He does not use figures of
speech so that he won’t affect the reader’s perspective. He merely
describes the scene and leaves the reader to judge the situation.
7. The conflict is one between the dentist and the mayor which stands for
the conflict between the middle class and the ruling elite.
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Other conflicts are man versus man (direct relation between the dentist and
the mayor) and man versus self (the inner conflict taking place in the
dentist’s psyche whether to treat the mayor or shoot him with the
revolver in the drawer)
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UNIT SIX: Technology
Lesson One: Rise of the Machines: Robot Recycling

Answers vary
Answers vary
1- Automated sorting refers to the collection, construction and destruction
or demolition of waste or other materials done by machines or robots
instead of humans. Mountains of concrete, metals, glass, wood and
asbestos are sorted in large mechanized processing plants or factories,
and now done by Zen Robotics.
2- The robots have sensors, visible spectrum cameras, NIR spectroscopic
cameras, 3D laser scanners and metal sensors(Any of these two).Thus, it
has a brain which makes it think for itself.
3- Kangas doubts the ability of the robot’s ability to do automatic sorting or
self-sorting. She states that the ‘waste needs to be pre-processed’ and that
the waste ‘needs to be crushed and material that is too small needs to be
separated.’
1-The writer uses the general-to-specific method to introduce his article (the
introduction is the first three paragraphs). He starts with a general
statement about robots and their different functions then he narrows his
idea to focus on assembly robots that offer automated solutions to waste
management (paragraph 3).This method is significant as it grabs the
reader’s attention to the idea of recycling robots and provide background
information on the benefits and facilities offered by recycling robots,
which is developed throughout the article.
2. This is a rhetorical question that reflects the writer’s attitude on the
possibility of having robots taking over manual labor – and so many
employees may lose their jobs - in waste management.
3- The write uses various types of evidence in the article above:
a) specific dates : 2006,2007
b) numbers and statistics(figures) : 870 million,25%
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c) name of a company : Zen Robotics

d) expert testimony : Rainer Rehn’s quote in paragraph 7
The writer uses these types of evidence in order to support his ideas and
convince the audience that robots can recycle C& D wastes efficiently.
Besides, such evidence shows the writer’s unbiased/objective attitude
and credibility/authenticity/realism.
4- It is contrast/reinforcement. In both paragraphs, the writer shows the
differences between human and robot waste workers. Robots do the job
faster as they don’t need breaks. Each robot replaces 15 workers, so it is all
more efficient and economical with such systems.
The direct links ‘but’ and ‘however’ show contrast, and the indirect
links, such as the repetition of some key words like ‘humans, robots,
breaks …’ in addition to synonyms like ‘pickers = workers,
robots=systems…’ reinforce and support the ideas in both paragraphs.
5- It is comparison-contrast/contrast. The indicators uses are ‘ by the same’
and ‘however’ .
Developing Skills
1. Benefits of Recycling
- Effective waste management
- maintaining raw material
- economic benefits
- less pollution
2. In paragraph 7 of his article Rise of the Machines: Robot Recycling ,Tom
Freyberg describes the structure of the waste recycling robot designed by
Zen Robotics and its efficient function in picking and depositing objects.
3.
Word Part of speech synonym antonym
comprise (para. 2) verb include/involve exclude
unpredictable (para. 3) adjective changeable/irregular predictable
skilled (para. 3) adjective experienced inexperienced
manual (para. 4) adjective physical/labor-intensive white-collar
enthusiastically (para. adverb eagerly/with interest unwillingly/
9) inactively
4. a. plants b. reflex c. assembly d.
deposits
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5. a- its(paragraph 3) : one industry with automated solutions b-

it(paragraph 6) : robot/robot gripper c- this(paragraph 7): AI
/Artificial Intelligence
d- its(paragraph 8): SITA Finland/the Finnish company Zen Robotics
Lesson Two: Inflating Procedure Costs
without Offering Clear Benefits

1. A robot is a machine or a mechanical device that can perform various
tasks……
2. Answers vary
3. O.R stands for Operation Room
4. Robots are performing surgeries in the second image.
1. b 2.c 3.a
1-They are concerned about new medical robotic services/surgeries since
they are very costly and ineffective. ‘They aren’t always better and they
have no clear benefits’.
2- They claim that patients shouldn’t bear the cost of robot surgeries. They
add that it is better to use robots in some surgeries, like endometrial
cancer. (para. 7 and 8) .
3-Robotic surgeries are more accurate than traditional ones. The percentage
of complications decreased and it may disappear. Besides, patients should
not bear their costs.
4- Dr. Mario Leitao counter-argues Wright and criticizes the new study
carried by the latter’s group. Leitao states that doctors should not give up
on robots and should always seek innovative technology in surgeries,
ignoring the associated costs.
1- It is reinforcement or support. Both paragraphs emphasize the same idea
that robotic surgeries do not work out miracles or are not better than
laparoscopic surgeries,and that patients can be treated either way.
2- It is a controversial question which reflects the writer’s support to robotic
surgeries and the necessity to financially support it.
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3- It is contrast. Paragraph 6 states that there is no difference between

robotic and laparoscopic surgeries ,while paragraph 7 draws the
comparison about the cost and the effect of robotic surgery .(The
cohesive links or devices that emphasize the relationship are indirect
ones, implied in synonyms like ‘gap’ and ‘difference’, and the repetition
of some terms ,like ‘laparoscopic surgery’, ‘robotic surgery’, and
‘muchmore’.
4- Surgeons, patients, public health authorities,…may find a great interest in
the text above ,for it provides them with up-to-date information on plastic
surgeries and offers them logical reasons to make their own decisions
whether to take them or not.
5- The tone in the last paragraph is serious, formal, critical, and didactic as
Gretz advises surgeons to focus more on surgeon skills and experience
than on technology .Besides, he is serious regarding the patients’
conditions during surgeries…
6- It is expository in nature. The writer’s purpose is to inform the audience
about plastic surgeries with their merits and demerits…..
Developing Skills 1.
Laparoscopic Surgeries Robotic Surgeries
1. (More) costly/expensive 1. Less costly/expensive
2. Slow procedures 2. Fast procedures
3. Performed/Done by surgeons/doctors 3. Performed/Done by robots
2.
Paragraph number Type of evidence The evidence
2 Expert testimony “Robotic….advantages.”
4 statistics 60%
3. a) Dr. Jason Wright b)percentage /group
c) the increasing/rising number of patients d) doctors
4. a) conducive to b) oncology
c) skepticism d) randomized
e) gynecologic f) costly
5. that – where-during – than that-of- One- in – of the – for
WRITING TECHNIQUES
65
Cause-Effect Essay
Questions:
1. Refer back to the text to fill in the following graphic organizer.
1st Hook “The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people.”
This quote by Karl Marx refers to the lethargy, languor, and element of
dependence that escalate in people upon depending on technology and
gadgets to do the job. Technology which was supposed to be a means to an
end, a means to assist people in doing their daily chores efficiently seems to
have lost its basic role and trespassed it to much more than that.
As such, life in modern times has changed a lot from the old one due to the
rd
Thesis impact of the excessive use of technological innovations.
3
Therefore, societies should sound the alarms regarding the social, economic
Statement and medical effects of technology.
2. What type of introduction is used in the above text, and what function does
it serve?
The author utilizes a quotation introduction since he/she initiated his/her
introductory paragraph with a quotation related to the theme, and this
introduction introduces the subject matter and topic, arouses the
reader’s interest enticing him/her to continue reading, and provides the
thesis statement.
3. Underline the topic sentence in body paragraphs 1 and 2.
Topic Sentence 1: : To begin with, technology has left a significant
impact on people’s social life through destroying family bonds and
eradicating morals and values.
Topic Sentence 2: : Technology has also reshaped the economic life
through escalating cases of unemployment and increasing companies’
expenses.
Topic Sentence 3: : Technology, with its countless devices, has had a
dramatic effect on health as a whole.
4. What is the function of the conclusion?
The conclusion sums up and wraps up the text and provides a piece of
advice regarding the fervent need for awareness while utilizing
technology.
66
5. Which method of cause-effect essay is used in the above text? Justify. The
author uses a multi-effects cause/effect essay since he developed his essay
so as to cover three different effects, mainly downsides, of technology in
three body paragraphs.
Assessment Test
Part One: Reading (Score: 11)

Read the following article, and then answer the questions that follow.
1 Technology firms risk repeating the mistakes of tobacco companies
if they fail to take responsibility for the threats that their products and
services pose to young people’s mental health.
2 This provocative claim comes from a think-tank which wants the
firms to establish guidelines for the recommended daily use of their
technology. It is made in Screened Out, a report to be published on
Thursday by the Strategic Society Centre (SSC), which says smartphone
manufacturers and online social networking sites need to consider how
young people are affected by their businesses – and potentially redesign
their products and services accordingly.
3 The report was produced in response to research by Dr. Cara Booker
of the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of
Essex, published in the American Journal of Public Health, which found
that, among 10- to 15-year-olds, chatting on social networking websites and
game-console use were associated with higher chances of socio-emotional
problems. Booker’s work suggests that heavy use of smartphones, tablets
and games consoles was also associated with lower levels of happiness
among adolescents.
4 “New technologies, smartphones, tablets and social networking sites
have brought great benefits to millions of people, including children,” said
James Lloyd, director of the SSC. “However, there is enough evidence for
policymakers and companies to be worried about the effects these
technologies and social media have on the wellbeing of some young people.
The big technology companies of today must actively engage with this
issue, or risk being like the tobacco companies of yesteryear who wouldn’t
acknowledge the public health consequences of their business.”
5 Lloyd said the government needed to “empower young people
through education in the classroom to understand how usage of social
67
networking sites and screen-based media can influence their wellbeing, for
example, by making them feel inadequate next to the online lives presented
by peers”.
6 Booker welcomed the call for technology companies to play a
greater role in protecting their consumers. “Many of the most effective
solutions to our major public health issues have come about when
researchers, government and private industry work together,” she said.
“Examples include car safety, including more effective seatbelts, removal of
lead from paint, discontinuation of asbestos use and milk pasteurization. In
many of these cases, however, solutions were only sought when the
consequences were great and wellestablished.”
7 The SSC has drawn up recommendations which it believes could
help to improve the wellbeing of adolescents and compel technology
companies to acknowledge their responsibilities. These include issuing
national guidelines on the recommended amount of screen time young
people should engage in each day and redesigning hardware and online
experiences to ensure their wellbeing. The SSC also wants compulsory
school programs on how social networking sites and mobile technologies
can affect their well-being, “for example, through pushing out time for face-
to-face relationships and encouraging ‘social jealousy’”.
8 Booker said that the proliferation of social media and access to the
internet through computers and handheld devices was “one of the greatest
changes to society” in recent decades.
9 “One of the consequences of this increase in use is the effect it has
on those who use it, particularly adolescents,” she said. “The evidence
regarding use of social media and wellbeing is growing and it is imperative
that researchers, government and private industries work together to address
the real public health consequences of poor wellbeing in adolescence
becoming worse wellbeing in adulthood. This issue is not one that parents
alone can tackle; it is one that requires government and private industry to
raise awareness of the potential issues with prolonged use of social media
for children and adolescents.”
10 The SSC also floated ideas that could help children when using
electronic media. These include encouraging them to keep social media
diaries to help them “balance” their online and offline lives and for social
networking sites to install “virtual” usage meters as default settings for all
68
users who are under 18, so that they are made aware of how long they are
spending online.  Questions A.
1. Why does the author talk about tobacco companies?(Score: 0.5)
2. What action is the think-tank requesting? Explain.(Score: 0.5)
3. What triggered the report? Justify your answer.(Score: 01)
4. What are some of the effects that have raised concern about the use of
technology?(Score: 01)
5. When did it seem like companies took action? What was it that the author
wanted?(Score: 01) B.
1. 1. Suggest a possible title for the text. (Score: 0.5)
2. 2. Identify the thesis statement in the text. Justify your answer.(Score: 0.5)
3. 3. What pattern of organization is used in paragraph 4?(Score: 01)
4. 4. Other than the general reader, who might be interested in the text?
(Score: 01)
5. 5. How does the author achieve credibility? Support your answer with
evidence.(Score: 01) C.
Paraphrase the recommendations suggested in paragraph 7.(Score: 1.5)
D.
1. Identify the synonyms of the following words in the text.(Score: 01)
a. effects; influence (paragraph 4)
b. sterilization of foods (paragraph 6)
c. spread; increase (paragraph 8)
d. suggested; offered (paragraph 10)
2. Identify the noun that the following pronouns refer to.(Score: 0.5)
a. she (paragraph 9)
b. they (paragraph10)
Part Two: Writing (Score: 09)
The author discusses some of the risks of technological devices. In your own
words write an argumentative essay in which you claim whether technology
is a risk or a gift to mankind.
See that, in your introduction, you put your reader in the general atmosphere
of your topic and clearly provide a thesis statement, and that each of your
body paragraphs starts with a topic sentence which you back up with
relevant supporting details. Draft, revise and proofread your essay. Your
writing will be assessed for both ideas and form.
69
(Score: 05 for ideas; 03 for language and style; 01 for neatness)

Answers Key
A.
1. Tobacco companies like corporations that sell technological devices were
promoting products that put the consumer’s life at risk.(Score: 0.5) 2. The
think-tank wants companies to actually come up with a list to be distributed
to consumers clearly stating the risks of their products.(Score: 0.5)
3. The report was the result of a study that showed that some technological
inventions have shown socio-emotional effects on users between the age
of 10 and 15.(Score: 01)
4. The most prominent effect is the socio-emotional impact technological
inventions have on adolescents. They have become a health concern that
needs to be addressed.(Score: 01)
5. Companies only seem to take responsibility when the risks are great and
life threatening. However, the author wants companies to raise awareness
and take precaution even when it has to do with psychological effects on
the consumer.(Score: 01) B.
1. Answers will vary (title must include technology, risks, awareness). The
title reflects the main idea of the article and grabs readers’ attention.
(Score: 0.5)
2. Paragraph one serves as the thesis statement. It clearly presents the ideas
that are developed in the text.(Score: 0.5)
3. Paragraph 4 is organized into comparison and contrast. At first, the
author presents the benefits of technological inventions. Then, he
presents the risks of these devices.(Score:01)
4. Corporations that promote technological devices and consumers might be
interested in the article. Companies will realize their responsibilities and
consumers will realize the risks.(Score: 01)
5. The author achieves credibility by referring to different types of
evidence. First, he relies on the results of studies done Dr. Cara Booker.
Moreover, he relies on experts such as Llyod. These help the author
support the main idea and appeal to the readers’ logic.(Score: 01)
C.
The individuals recommend limiting the amount of time children can
spend in front of a screen and redesigning the activities they are engaged
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in. Moreover, they want schools to include a program that raises

awareness and teaches the children how to use these devices cautiously.
(Score: 1.5) D.
1. (Score: 01)
a. consequences
b. pasteurization
c. proliferation
d. floated
2. (Score: 0.5)
a. Booker
b. children
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UNIT SEVEN: Human Rights and Values
Lesson One: What goes around Comes Around
Connecting to Themes
1. Answers vary but a possible answer is the following: Random acts of
kindness are benevolent acts that one may do to help someone in need
without getting anything in return, and with no prior plan for such help or
good act.(The RAK week is usually celebrated every year in February,
but one should do kind acts all year round.)
2. Random means without prior thinking or planning.
3. - aiding an elderly
- calming down a lost child
- reaching out a poor family
- giving away your old bike/computer
1. characters – setting – climax – plot – conflict – resolution
2. The story is about helping someone/an old woman fix her car tire
(introduction) and receiving something good in return(conclusion).
3. Answers vary but students should justify their answers.
1. The old lady had a flat tire. She had been waiting for help on the road for
one hour. She was worried and mistrustful of strangers, like Bryan
Anderson who she thought might hurt her.
2. Bryan smiled to calm down the worried lady that the work/fixing the tire
had been accomplished, and for which she had thanked him a lot .His
smile foreshadows the idea that good acts should never stop.
3. It means Bryan seems to have experienced similar situations, and he
knows well what it means to be in need for help.
4. The old lady was surprised because the waitress always drew/had a sweet
smile on her face and held a positive/good attitude despite her exhaustion
and poverty. The old lady remembered Bryan at that moment.
5. She left all the chores she had to do for another day and headed home.
Analyzing Stylistic Devices
72
1. The story takes place on a high way at twilight/dusk, which means just
before night/darkness (fell). The setting is significant to the general mood
because it helps create more worry, suspicion and fear in the old lady
who is left all alone with a stranger, whom she is mistrustful of.
2. The title may well function as a thesis for the whole story. Good things
will return to the doers themselves. Bryan Anderson did a kind act to an
old lady, and then it all returned to him through his wife, whom the old
lady gave hundreds of dollars, as a random act of kindness.
3.The writer’s purpose is didactic as it teaches a moral lesson - through a
short but meaningful narrative/coincidence - about kind acts ,and how
they all return to the doer. The audience might be mean/unkind people,
teachers, talk-show editors, charitable organizations, etc…….. as it
teaches all types of audience about the importance of doing random acts
of kindness.
4. The first 3 paragraphs are the introduction since they introduce the main
characters, the setting and the plot. The introduction introduces the
problem/ complexity and the conclusion presents the solution. So it is a
problemsolution relation. However, it can also be a cyclic relation
reflected in the saying ‘what goes around comes around.’
5. It functions as a transitional paragraph as it links the two major parts of
the story(before and after the first kind act done) and prepares the readers
to the second part with some flashback information in the old lady’s mind
about Bryan’s kind act to her and his words about remembering him ,
which implies that the chain of kind acts and help must not end.
6. a) contrast – Indicator = but
b) chronology – Indicator = after
7. The figure of speech is ‘made the last leg’ which is a metaphor that
implies a lot of hard work and exhaustion / her legs were about to
collapse but she had to go home .This is significant for the plot of the
story because it is a reason to continue the acts of kindness. Had the old
lady not felt very tired , she wouldn’t have stopped at the restaurant ,and ,
as a result , she wouldn’t have given the money to Bryan’s wife.
Developing skills
1. kind, friendly, helpful, strong, brave, honest, considerate, generous,
hardworking, honest….
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Students should produce a concise and unified paragraph using some of

the adjectives above , supporting each with evidence.
2. a) getting his finger joints split and filled with dirt, grease and blood
b) to provide assistance, support, or rescue someone
c) went straight home
d) early morning/early evening when the sun is below the horizons
e) to be very tired especially after a lot of activity or hard work
f) moved or went out smoothly and easily
3. so – she – that – as - they – that – those – all – him – at – be
Responding to the Writer’s Ideas
1. It raises the issue of human values and reflects the importance of
benevolence
……
2, 3 : Answers vary
Lesson Two: Mother, Long-lost Son Finally Meet More

Than 30 Years Later
Connecting to Theme
1 and 2 : Answers vary
3. Many reasons can be cited including travel, war, family
problems/divorce….
1. b 2.c 3.a
1. It is dramatic, very touching and highly emotional as mother and son
embraced, hugged and kissed. The son was at a loss of words. They
planned to spend a few days together in San Diego, strolling along the
beach, then they will travel to Chippewa Fall, Wisconsin, where they will
enjoy Thanksgiving Day together.
2. It was the first time they’ve seen each other in 35 years, and they both
have been yearning for it .
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3. Two obstacles are the father’s relocating his son to San Luis Potosi,
Mexico and using Barrack’s as a family name for David, while the
mother was searching for him in the Amaya’s family.
4. The first reason is the long distance (1,800 miles) that separates the
mother who was living in Wisconsin and the son who was in Mexico.
The second reason is that the mother’s letters were never answered by
David’s grandparents.(Another implied reason could be that the son has
lived up to the thought that his mother doesn’t love him as his father has
taught him.)
5. David was arrested while illegally crossing U.S – Mexico borders. When
the police were investigating to determine his country of origin, David
recalled the past and told them that he was a U.S citizen born in Chicago.
Then the police found out his mother, Kathy Amaya, in Wisconsin. This
coincidence has made a drastic change in his life and his mother’s as
well.
1. It is the first paragraph. It is an anecdote that prepares the
reader/furnishes for all the ideas in the text in which the reasons behind
the long separation and the emotions created are developed.
2. Paragraph 5 provides background information about Kathy Amaya, her
work, children, lack of experience in travel. This is important for the rest
of the text because it helps the reader understand better Amaya’s good
character and sympathize with her, for the agonized woman had never
intended to leave her son at all and was helpless in her search for him.
3. The setting helps create more mystery and doubt about the possibility of
not finding David. It reflects loss, danger and confusion. The smugglers
on the borders add to the danger and confusion that identify such setting.
4. Time order – Indicators: a few days, then, Thanksgiving(Day)
5. It is hopeful/optimistic about the future as David will build a new life and
write a book about his life.
Developing skills
1. In paragraph 15, the writer informs the reader about David Amaya’s
future plans which include holidays, building a new life and writing a
book.
2.
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Word meaning after the suffix

Word Prefix Suffix Word Root
was added
reunion (para.1 ) re ion uni gathering of people who haven’t
been together for a long time
assistant (para.5) a ant sist helper
separation (para.6) ion separate parting
smugglers (para.7) er smuggle people who import or export

(goods) secretly, in violation of
the law, especially without
payment of legal duty.
Word meaning after the suffix
Word Prefix Suffix Word Root
was added
isolation (para.10) ion isolate complete separation from others
permission ion permit authorization to do something

(para.11)
3. a) bandits b)national c)abandoned d)proximity
4. a) Amaya’s children
b) David and a Mexican national
c) Amaya’s letters
d) David
1 and 2 Answers vary
3. There are many rights, some of which are the right to a family and
shelter, the right to a nationality, the right to education…….
4. Some impacts are loss, confusion, illiteracy, hatred, suicide,………….
WRITING TECHNIQUES
Compare/Contrast Essay
Questions
1. Refer back to the text to underline the thesis statement and topic
sentences. Thesis Statement: : Women underwent humongous
renovations in the fields of education, labor and even in the house itself.
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Topic Sentence 1:: Women were deprived of the right of education. Topic
Sentence 2:: In past times, it was a shame for the husband to have a
working wife.
Topic Sentence 3:: Women were seen as a curse or a slave.
2. Circle the transitional words used to show differences.
The transitional words used to show differences include “however”,
“but”, and “on the other hand”.
3. Which method of compare-contrast essay is used in the above text?
Justify. The author used a point-by-point method of compare-contrast
since, in each body paragraph, he/she displays a comparison of one
point of the topic, women in the past, with a point of the other topic,
women these days.
Assessment Test

Read the following article about the plights of some domestic workers in
Lebanon. When you are through with the reading, answer the questions as
required.
Lebanon Cannot Be ‘Civilized’ While Domestic Workers Are Abused
1 In Lebanon, people working in private households are excluded from

the protection of labor law. More than 200,000 migrant workers, mainly
women, work in Lebanese households. Although they constitute a large
proportion of the workforce, they do not enjoy the same rights as, for
example, local shop assistants or factory workers. In other words, Lebanon
may have a liberal reputation, but its domestic workers suffer some of the
worst discrimination in the Middle East.
2 Last week, a video surfaced online showing an Ethiopian maid in
Lebanon being beaten and dragged. In the distressing footage, the woman is
kicked, verbally abused and then dragged into a car, allegedly owned by the
man who runs the agency that employed her. Reportedly in a fragile mental
state, she had refused deportation back to Ethiopia, but clearly did not want
to return to her place of employment. The man orders her to shut up, and
while several bystanders urge him to leave her alone, they do not intervene.
The video sparked outrage and received widespread attention from human
rights organizations within and outside Lebanon. The woman was later
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admitted to hospital. Two days ago, it was reported that the woman in the
video had hanged herself using a bed sheet.
3 This is not an isolated incident. Domestic servants in Lebanon from
the Asian sub-continent and East Africa are not only single women
unprotected by kin or friends in an alien environment, they are also at the
bottom rung of the economic ladder, and racially, they fall at the bottom of
the spectrum. Across the Middle East, sponsorship rules on foreign workers
and the stratification of rights based on nationality and skin color combine
to enable the victimization of these women.
4 No country in the Arab world is free from racial discrimination. But
there is a perception, encouraged by the eagerness with which people in
other countries, particularly Gulf ones, devour Beirut’s cultural exports and
standards of beauty, that the Lebanese are somehow superior to other Arabs
in that they are more liberal, more occidental in inclination and above all
else, much lighter-skinned and ,therefore, more “attractive”. The last 20
years have witnessed an invasion by Lebanese music and entertainment.
After many painful years of civil war that crippled the country, Beirut
emerged, unencumbered by the conservatism of the majority of Middle
Eastern countries, more “modern” and “civilized”. However, it surprises
few in the region that the worst discrimination occurs in Lebanon, and that
it is inflicted on only certain races and nationalities.
5 Stories about the mistreatment of domestic and foreign workers have
emerged with regularity. They range from the distressing to the ridiculous.
Earlier this year, a Beirut bar had to cancel a fancy-dress event inviting
guests to dress as domestic workers and “create your own maid costume,
speak like them and look like a Phillipino”. Last year, the public beating of
a group of Sudanese people holding an event in support of a cancer charity
was added to the litany of embarrassments.
6 In 2008, Human Rights Watch reported that “domestic workers are
dying in Lebanon at the rate of one a week”. The phenomenon became so
widespread, particularly among Ethiopians, that a Lebanese blogger set up
Ethiopian Suicides, a website dedicate to documenting the deaths and the
conditions that led to them. The International Labor Office published a
paper on foreign workers in Lebanon and stating that: “live in and runaway
migrant workers are ‘unfree labor’ in the sense that they do not have the
right to choose an employer without permission from the state authorities.
Nor do they have the right to withdraw their labor from their sponsor or
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employer without being rendered illegal and thus liable to arrest,

imprisonment, and deportation.”
7 Against this backdrop of a legal vacuum and racial hierarchy,
conditions are ripe for abuse. The irony is that Lebanon does have a political
culture that is somewhat more advanced than many Arab countries, in that
local groups are lobbying for the rights of migrant workers and putting
pressure on the government to reform – something that would be unheard of
in Saudi Arabia, for example. Farah Salka from the Lebanese Anti-Racism
Movement says that it is time for a redefining of the word “racist” in
Lebanon. Hopefully across the region we can also begin to redefine the
meaning of “civilized”, making it not only about dress, physical beauty and
liberal lifestyle, but empathy with other human beings whatever their race or
nationality.
 Questions
A. Answer each of the following questions using 1-3 sentences using
your own words and style.
1. Scan the text for three instances that show discrimination against foreign
workers in Lebanon. (1.5)
2. What lies behind the persistent discrimination against many foreign
workers in Lebanon? Support your answer with evidence from the article.
(01)
3. Explain the statement published by the International Labor Office in
paragraph 6.(0.75) B.
1-Is the thesis statement of the above article implicit or explicit? If it is
explicit ,write it down; if it is implicit, suggest one.(1.25)
2- How are paragraphs 1 and 2 thematically related? What cohesive devices
link the two paragraphs? Explain. (1.25)
3-Provide at least 2 different specific examples from the article to prove that
the writer has achieved credibility. (01)
4- Identify the patterns of organization used in paragraphs 2 and 4. Write the
indicator(s). (01)
C. Summarize paragraph 5 in one sentence only. (1.25)
D. What does each of the following bold-typed words in the article refer
to? (01)
1. they (paragraph 2)
2. this (paragraph 3)
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3. it (paragraph 4)4. we (paragraph 7)

E. Scan Paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 7 for words that correspond with the
definitions below: (01) 1.the removal from a country
2. arranged into social classes
3. western4. promoting/influencing
Part Two: Writing (09/20)
In 2012, the death of an Ethiopian migrant worker who committed suicide
days after being abused made international headlines. How can we as
Lebanese civilized citizens protect the migrant workers from racial
discrimination? Suggest possible ways to improve the workers’ conditions
in our country. Support your ideas with authentic examples and logical
evidence.
Develop your ideas in a 200-250-word essay of unified, coherent, and
properly sequenced paragraphs. See that, in the introduction, you put the
reader in the general atmosphere of the topic and clearly provide a thesis
statement; and that each of the body paragraphs start with a topic sentence
which you back up with relevant ,supporting details. Draft, revise, and
proofread the essay. Your writing will be assessed for both content and
form. (Score: 05 for ideas, 03 for language and style, and 01 for tidiness and
legible handwriting).
Answer Key
A. 1- They are beaten and dragged; they do not have the right to choose an
employer; they don’t have the right to withdraw their labor from their
sponsor or employer without being rendered; they are liable to arrest,
imprisonment, and deportation.(Any 3 are correct;0.5 each)
2- Cultural, social and political reasons along with the absence of legal
systems or clear laws to protect the domestics lie behind the persistent
discrimination against many foreign workers in Lebanon.(0.5)The writer
states that ‘across the Middle East, sponsorship rules on foreign workers
and the stratification of rights based on nationality and skin color
combine to enable the victimization of these women.’ Besides, there is a
backdrop of a legal vacuum and racial hierarchy.’…(0.5)
3- The statement mentioned by the International Labor Office means that
domestic workers in Lebanon cannot choose their employers or change
any work contract so they are like slaves who get imprisoned, beaten or
deported from Lebanon for any reason.(075)
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B. 1- It is explicit.(0.25) It is stated at the end of the introduction : “Lebanon

may have a liberal reputation, but its domestic workers suffer some of the
worst discrimination in the Middle East.”(01)
2- It is case-illustration/exemplification.(0.25)Paragraph 1 generally
presents the case of discrimination against domestic workers and in
paragraph 2 we see the case of a Ethiopian domestic who suffers to death.
(0.5) The indirect links are the synonyms abused/kicked/hanged
(Paragraph 2) of suffer (Paragraph 1)(0.5).
3- There are many examples in the article:
a) Numbers/figures (200,000 migrant workers – Paragraph 1)
b) Names of organizations (Human Rights Watch, International Labor
Office- Paragraph 6)
c) Dates (The last 20 years –Paragraph 4 ;2008 – Paragraph 6)
(Any 2 are correct; 0.5 each)
4- Paragraph 2 = Chronology (0.25)– The Indicators are ‘Last week, then,
later, two days ago’(0.25)
Paragraph 4 = Comparison-contrast(0.25)- The indicators are ‘But, more,
However’ (0.5)
C. In paragraph 5 of the article ‘Lebanon Cannot Be ‘Civilized’ While
Domestic Workers Are Abused’ ,the writer reveals some sad cases/
examples of abuse that some domestic workers are subjected to in
Lebanon.
(01)
D. (0.25 each)
1. they= several bystanders
2. This= the incident of the woman hanging herself/committing suicide
3. it = discrimination
4. we = activists from the Lebanese
E. (0.25 each)
1. deportation 2. hierarchy 3. occidental 4.lobbying
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UNIT EIGHT: Health Issues
Lesson One: As Health ‘Goes Up in Smoke,’

Lebanon’s Youth Battle Over Tobacco

Answers vary.
1. b 2. c 3. b
1. The article focuses on the causes, forms, and solutions to medical
malpractices in Lebanon.
2. The author reveals three forms of medical malpractices. The first form is
when Doctors forget a tool in the patient’s body. The second form is
when doctors confuse patients. The third form is the fake doctors.
3. There are many reasons behind medical malpractices. In fact, both the
lack of staff and equipment affect this problem
4. It is ironic that the patients are suffering because of the doctor’s mistake
yet they still have to pay to get the error fixed. One would expect the
hospital and the doctor to take care of the bills in such cases.
5. Medical complications are not the doctor’s fault while medical
malpractices are.
1. The author uses a fact to introduce the topic. This approach serves to grab
the reader’s attention and to provide background information about the
topic, medical malpractices.
2. It is a problem /solution essay.
The writer explores/ discusses the causes and effects of the medical
malpractices in
Lebanon (problem) and recommends modest solutions.
3. The thematic relation is that of addition. The first paragraph focuses on
one form of medical mal practice and the second discusses another form.
The link “this is not the only error in the field” makes this obvious.
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4. The tone is critical and sarcastic. The author discusses another problem
that patients have to face. He describes these fake doctors’ offices and
compares them to “museums”. He also states that they believe it is
“Halloween” and they are dressing for the occasion.
4. a. Contrast b. Comparison
Developing Skills
1.
Medical Errors
Problems Stated Solution Suggested
1. Tool miscount/ alcoholic doctor’s 1. Staying sober
work 2. Double checking and
2. Doctor’s inattentiveness matching the charts’ to the
patients’ names
3. Government refunding
and hiring staff and passing
3. Lack of staff and equipment
laws to protect patients
2. The author in paragraph 12 highlights one of the solutions suggested by
an expert, which involves motivating individuals to reports errors.
3. a. deviate b. negligence c. credentials
Responding to the writer’s ideas

Answers vary
Lesson Two: Medical Malpractices

1. What serious issue is encountering the Lebanese youth as explored in the
introductory paragraph?
The introductory paragraph hints at hookah smoking that is notably
increasing among university students.
2. What would the act against public smoking result in?
The act against public smoking would result in weak policies that fail to
undermine the hazardous risk of smoking.
3. Why isn’t Dr. Nakkash optimistic about the prospect of reversing the U-
turn that the government has made on smoking in public places?
Nakkash is not hopeful about the government’s decision regarding
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smoking in public areas since the government faces so many issues, and
they have shown to be impotent.
4. Which sectors would be affected by law 174? Explain. The
hospitality sector would be affected since public smoking would result in
massive losses in revenue from this sector.
5. Based on the above text, how is hookah smoking similar to cigarette in
terms of health risks? Justify your answer.
Both hookah smoking and cigarette contain ample quantities of toxicants
that may lead to diseases such as cancer
1. Does the text follow the IBC pattern of organization?
It follows the IBC pattern:
P1 is the introduction.
P2 : 13 are the body paragraphs.
P14 is the conclusion.
2. What is the thematic relationship between the introductory and the
concluding paragraphs?
The thematic relationship between the introduction and the conclusion is
that of cyclic since the author finishes where he started pointing at the
increase of smoking among students in the Kaslik café .
3. How did the writer achieve objectivity?

The writer achieves objectivity by referring to experts’ quotes, real life
examples and conducted researches. (provide example on each)
4. The thesis statement in the above text is implicitly stated. Skim through
the text to suggest your own thesis.
Knowing the dangers of tobacco smoke that has increased drastically,
the government issued a low banning smoking in public areas which was
denied by anti-tobacco campaigners.
Developing Skills
1. Identify and explain the figure of speech used in the first paragraph. The
figure of speech used in P1 is metaphor where the volume of smoke
released from water pipes is similar to that of a pool of smoke. OR it
could be hyperbole since it highlights an exaggeration in visualizing the
amount of smoke being released.
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2. What does each of the underlined pronouns refer to?

a. this (paragraph 3): a campaign
b. they (paragraph 4): the Lebanese strategies
c. their (paragraph7): the restaurant syndicate
d. this (paragraph 12): having textual warnings
3. Which words in the text best match the following definitions?
a. to cause to gather (paragraph 2): muster
b. not thorough or complete enough to be useful (paragraph 9): patchy
c. a group of people that work together (paragraph 7) syndicate
d. to make weaker or less effective (paragraph 13): undermine
WRITING TECHNIQUES
Discussing a Case Study
Questions
1. How many cases did the writer refer to in order to discuss the spread of
diseases?
The author refers to two cases in an attempt to discuss the spread of
diseases, that of Hani and Reem.
2. What did the writer rely on to achieve credibility?
The author relies on real live examples or case studies, facts, and
statistics while trying to achieve credibility, add a sense of realism and
authenticity, make the text more convincing, and avoid prejudice.
3. Suggest another title for the text. Justify your choice.
Answers will vary, but the titles suggested should correspond to the main
idea of the text.
Assessment Test
In the following text, the writer, Katie Hafner, discusses the present relation
between modern technology and medication. Read it carefully; then answer
the questions that follow.
Redefining Medicine with Apps and iPads

The Digital Doctor
1 SAN FRANCISCO — Dr. Alvin Rajkomar was doing rounds with
his team at the University of California, San Francisco Medical
85
Center when he came upon a puzzling case: a frail, elderly patient

with a dangerously low sodium level.
2 As a third-year resident in internal medicine, Dr. Rajkomar was the
senior member of the team, and the others looked to him for
guidance. An infusion of saline was the answer, but the tricky part
lay in the details. Concentration? Volume? Improper treatment could
lead to brain swelling, seizures or even death.
3 Dr. Rajkomar had been on call for 24 hours and was exhausted, but
the clinical uncertainty was “like a shot of adrenaline,” he said.
Thus, he reached into a deep pocket of his white coat and produced
not a well-thumbed handbook but his iPhone. With a tap on an app
called MedCalc, he had enough answers within a minute to start the
saline at precisely the right rate.
4 The history of medicine is defined by advances born of bioscience.
But never before has it been driven to this degree by digital
technology. The proliferation of gadgets, apps and Web-based
information has given clinicians — especially young ones like Dr.
Rajkomar, who is 28 — a “black bag of new tools”: new ways to
diagnose symptoms and treat patients, to obtain and share
information, to think about what it means to be both a doctor and a
patient.
5 However, it has created something of a generational divide. Older
doctors admire, even envy, their young colleagues’ ease with new
technology. But they worry that the human connections that lie at
the core of medical practice are at risk of being lost.
6 “Just adding an app won’t necessarily make people better doctors or
more caring clinicians,” said Dr. Paul C. Tang, chief innovation and
technology officer at Palo Alto Medical Foundation. “What we need
to learn is how to use technology to be better, more humane
professionals.”
7 Dr. Paul A. Heineken, 66, a primary care physician, is a revered
figure at the San Francisco V.A. Medical Center. He is part of a
generation that shared longstanding assumptions about the way
medicine is practiced: Physicians are the unambiguous source of
medical knowledge; notes and orders are written in paper records
while standing at the nurses’ station; and X-rays are film placed on
light boxes and viewed over a radiologist’s shoulder.
86
8 Dr. Heineken fills his teaching days with similar lessons, which can
mean struggling upstream against a current of technology. Through
his career, he has seen the advent of CT scans, ultrasounds, M.R.I.’s
and countless new lab tests. He has watched peers turn their backs
on patients while struggling with a new computer system, or rush
patients through their appointments while forgetting the most
fundamental tools — their eyes and ears.
9 For these reasons, he makes a point of requiring something old-
fashioned of his trainees. “I tell them that their first reflex should be to look
at the patient, not the computer,” Dr. Heineken said. And he tells the team to
return to each patient’s bedside at day’s end. “I say, ‘Don’t go to a
computer; go back to the room, sit down and listen to them. And don’t look
like you’re in a hurry.’ ”
10 It is not that he opposes digital technology; Dr. Heineken has been
using the Department of V. A.’s computerized patient record system
since it was introduced 15 years ago. Still, his cell phone is an old
flip model, and his experience with text messaging is limited.
11 Thirty-eight years and a technological revolution separate Dr.
Heineken from Dr. Rajkomar.
12 The son of an electrical engineer from Mauritius, Alvin Rajkomar
grew up in Silicon Valley. He taught himself to program at age 12.
As an undergraduate at Harvard, he started out in physics but
became hooked on medicine. In 2009, in his third year of medical
school at Columbia, he was among the first in the hospital to use an
iPhone as a clinical tool.
13 While Dr. Heineken can just use the V.A.’s electronic health record
system, Dr. Rajkomar is a virtuoso. He can keep his eyes fixed so
steadily on the patient that the typing goes all but unnoticed. As the
conversation with the patient goes, so goes Dr. Rajkomar’s
interaction with the computer. Lab results?On the screen in a flash.A
list of past and current medications and dosages? Voil: !
14 Yet he also knows when the computer needs to be set aside. Dr.
Rajkomar knows he has a great deal to learn about being a physician,
especially patients’ social and psychological complexities. “One
patient fired me,” he said, smiling as he added, “Dr. Heineken gets
those patients.”
 Questions
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A. Answer each of the following questions in (2—4) sentences of your

own.
1. The thesis statement is not explicitly stated as it should be in the
introductory paragraph. Scan the text to provide your own thesis.(01)
2. There is a touch of criticism in P (8- 9). Explain it.(01)
3. Explain how paragraph (14) reflects the writer’s own point of view
concerning the controversial topic.(01)
4. Paraphrase the second quotation in P (6). “ What we need
……….humane professionals.” (01)
B. Refer to P (7 - 13) to fill in the following chart with relevant
information to contrast Dr Heineken and Rajkomar. Use phrases.
Copy the chart.(01)
Dr. Heineken Dr. Rajkomar
1- 1-
2- 2-
C
1. How are P (1-2-3) thematically related? What cohesive links (direct or
indirect) does the writer use to establish this relation?(01)
2. Refer to P (4) to find one example on figure of speech and explain it.(0.5)
3. What is the function of P (11) in the text?(01)
4. Where does each of the bold-typed words in the text refer to?(01) a- it
P(4) c- they P (5) b- it P (5) d- them
P (9)
5. Find words in P ( 4-5-7) that have the same meaning as the following:
(01) a- premises c-essence b- clear d-
growth
6. Identify the pattern of organization of each sentence below, and then
support your choice by showing the logical connectors. Copy the table.
(1.5)
Sentence Para Pattern of organization Logical connector
But they worry that the human … (5)
Dr. Paul A. Heineken, 66… (7)
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For these reasons, he makes …. (9)
The son of an electrical engineer (12)

…
Part Two: Writing (Score: 9/20)
Many sociologists and psychologists believe that digital technology
(internet, iphones, ipads…) are smart tech for idiot minds while others,
mainly youths, disagree with this equation for various reasons. Where do
you stand in this respect? Develop your answer in an essay of 250-300
words. Make sure that, in your introduction, you put your reader in the
general atmosphere of your topic and clearly provide a thesis statement, and
that each of your body paragraphs starts with a topic sentence which you
back up with relevant supporting details and clear evidence. Draft, revise,
and proofread your essay. Your writing will be assessed for ideas, language
and style, and tidiness. (Score: 05 for ideas and organization, 03 for
language and style, and 01 for tidiness and legible handwriting)
Answer Key
A.
1-Answers vary.
2- The writer criticizes the movement towards technology
and forgetting the patients themselves.
3- The writer ends with the final comment4- Answers vary.
B
Dr. Heineken Dr. Rajkomar
1-old fashioned 1-young medicine
2-66years old 2- 28 years old
C.
1- Problem- explanation- solution.
2- Metaphor: black bag of new tools.
Bag is the color of ipads iphones, laptops… 3-
P (11) is a short P to sum up all ideas .
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4- a- it P(4): history of medicine c- they P

(5): old doctors b- it P (5): proliferation of gadgets d-
them P (9): patients
5- a-Premises: assumptions c-essence: core b- Clear:
unambiguous d- growth: proliferation 6- Identify the pattern of
organization of each sentence below, and then support your choice by
showing the logical connectors. Copy the table. (1.5)
Sentence Paragraph Pattern of organization
But they worry that the human … P(5) Contrast
Dr. Paul A. Heineken, 66… P(7) Definition
For these reasons, he makes …. P(9) Cause-effect
The son of an electrical engineer … P (12) Spatial order
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UNIT NINE: Mass Media

Lesson One: Meet Facebook’s Mr. Nice
Answers vary.
1. a 2. b 3. c
1. The article discusses cyber bullying on social media and what Facebook
is doing to stop it or fight it.
2. The success of social media depends on solving the problem, for people
are quitting because of this issue.
3. When they wish to remove a post, teenagers can use more options than a
simple sentence like “it’s embarrassing”. The teens are asked different
questions about the post and how it affects them emotionally. Also, they
can send an already- written message to let the person who posted the
hurtful post know what he or she has done.
4. He means that stickers with emotional facial expressions and Sounds are
used to convey feelings.
5. Facebook focuses on teenagers the most because they lack the emotional
maturity
Analyzing the Stylistic Features
1. Turning an argument on its head. Topic: the ability to be respectful
online. Grab the reader’s attention and provide background information.
2. The pronoun “this” connects the idea of paragraph 3 which is teaching
empathy to Facebook users with paragraph 4. This is an indirect cohesive
device. Another indirect cohesive devise is the repetition of key words
such as “users” and “empathy” or “empathetic”
3. The thematic relation between the two paragraphs is that of problem /
solution. In paragraph 5, the writer highlights some of the difficulties that
users of Facebook face such as harassment and bullying. In paragraph 6
the writer talks about the efforts of the Facebook responsible to “curb”
these problems.
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4. The conclusion is effective as it restates the main idea that cyber bullying
is a problem and discusses a possible solution other than the initiatives
Facebook are taking
5-
a. comparison/ like
b. exemplification; purpose
c. cause-effect / to help
Developing Skills
1.
Facebook
Positive Sides Negative Sides
1. creating empathy 1. spiteful, insensitive, nasty
commenters
2. showing how to be nice and 2. on line harassment
respectful
3. using stickers with facial 3. bullying
expressions 4. inability of teens to handle
4. attempting to solve negative posts
problems 5. difficulty of solving all
5. easing communication problems
2. Suggested paraphrase
The writer in paragraph 9 says that Facebook offers teen users several
choices to remove a post. They are also questioned about their feeling
toward the post and what is going on. Moreover, they are provided with
ready answers to send to the harasser.
3.
a. empathetic
b. prevalent
Lesson Two: Social Media Is Harming
the Mental Health of Teenagers

1- b 2- a 3- b
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1. What are the reasons that lure the writer’s sister to stay connected to
social media?
The reasons that tangle the writer’s sister to the social media are loading
her Snapchat stories and replying to messages from her friends.
2. The loss of the writer’s phone has aroused contrasting emotions in her.
Explain how.
Upon losing her phone, the writer felt frustrated and alienated. However,
after one week, she was satisfied and content as she enjoyed the break
from social media.
3. How do social media affect students’ academic record and performance?
Explain.
Being addicted to social mass media and staying awake all night would
definitely affect students’ performance at school as they would show
depression, exhaustion and irritation.
4. The writer’s sister is portrayed as a social- media addict. Give specific
evidence to support this conclusion.
The writer’s sister is addicted to social media. This is evident when the
writer mentions that her sister begs her to turn her phone into hotspot as
her mother turns it off.
5. In your opinion, what measures should be taken to protect teenagers and
students from the peril effects of social media?
Several measures should be taken to protect teenagers from the perils of
mass media among which are talking to teens about the risks of mass
media, being aware of the apps that teens have on their mobile devices,
and installing a monitoring system such as sky dog.
B. The following statements misinterpret information given in the above
text. Rewrite them correctly.
1. Engaging with social media at night leads to detrimental health effects.
2. When stressed and worried, girls find consolation on social media.
1. What type of introduction does the writer use? What purposes does it
serve?
The writer uses anecdote to put the readers in the general atmosphere of
the text that highlights the peril effects of social mass media on
teenagers. It also helps achieve the writer’s credibility since she took her
sister as a proof.
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2. Based on paragraphs 1 and 4, why does the writer rely heavily on live
examples? Explain.
The writer relies heavenly on real live examples to achieve credibility,
authenticity and realism.
3. State two types of audience that might be interested in the reading the
above selection? Explain.
Teenagers: to be wise and rational asto stop misusing the social media
Parents: to undermine the negative effects of social media by guiding
their kids properly
4. To what type of writing does the above text belong? Which order of
organization does the writer employ? Explain.
The text at hand is persuasive in nature since the author exerts an effort
in proving that social media has put increased pressure on teenagers
through using facts , statistics , and real life examples while displaying
the types of pressure in least to most important type of organization .
5. What is the function of the concluding paragraph of the above text?
Explain laying a special emphasis on the questions used at the last
paragraph.
It restates the main idea of the text and clearly states the writer’s opinion
which calls for immediate action before it’s too late. The questions at the
end of the paragraph reflect the writer’s attitude which is that of worry
and concern if no measures are taken to hamper the perils of mass
media.
Developing Skills
1. Based on your understanding of the text, what are the physical and
emotional/mental effects of social media on teenagers? Explain.
Physical Emotional/ Mental
1) Feeling tired and exhausted 1) Feeling desperate
2) Catching colds, flu and 2) Causing anxiety
gastroenteritis 3) Increasing pressure
3) Being subjected to bullying 4) Causing alienation and disintegration
among family members
2. Select from the text words that have the following meaning. a. craze
b. lingo
c. disproportionately
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d. statutory
3. Paraphrase the following sentences as nearly quoted from the above text.
a. When the writer prevents her sister from staying active on social
media in the morning, her sister accused her of depriving her from her
social life.
b. The writer is aware of the detrimental effects of the internet on
social media along with online bullying and the criticism of the role of
mass media in our schools.
Respond to the text
Answers might vary.
WRITING TECHNIQUES
Persuasive Essay
 Questions:
1. Refer back to the text to fill in the following graphic organizer.
In the digital age, where globalization has tightened the bonds among all
1 Hook regions of the world, mass media have become means of instantaneous
st
communications. These indispensable tools have dramatically changed

the whole of mankind.
Yet, there rises a dilemma concerning the role mass media plays in
society and in people as separate individuals.
3rd Thesis I believe that the evolution of such tools has instigated a grave regression in
social ethics and induced more and more conflicts worldwide. Statement
2. What function does the introduction serve?

This introductory paragraph helps introduce the subject/topic, arouse the
reader’s interest enticing him to continue reading, introduces key terms,
and provides a thesis statement to give the reader a good idea about
what the whole text will be about.
3. Underline the topic sentence in body paragraphs 1 and 2.
Topic Sentence in paragraph 1: To begin with, mass media
communications negatively influence society by simply constructing
model images in people’s mind and by swaying facts their way.
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Topic Sentence in paragraph 2: Media intends to light up the fire

among nations and people rather than uniting them.
4. What is the function of the conclusion?
The conclusion sums up and wraps up the textrestating the stand that the
author is trying to convince his/her readers of and provides a piece of
advice regarding the urge for awareness while being exposed to mass
media.
5. What reasons has the writer used in the body to convince his readers?
Give evidence.
The author refers, in body paragraph 1, to the effect of mass media on
the society by brainwashing people and swaying facts their way and the
influence of mass media in forming clashes between nations in body
paragraph 2 in an attempt to convince readers to be aware while being
exposed to mass media.
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Assessment Test
Television: the Undiscovered Drug

1. After a long, hard day of school and work, I trudge up the stairs to
my apartment. As I approach the door, I can already hear the mumbles of
the television. I open the door and am not surprised to see my sister on the
couch, hand on remote, flipping through channels. I am now accustomed to
this picture. My sister could be crowned couch potato queen. She watches
television day and night--so much that my cousins and I now refer to her as
the Human TV Guide. She knows what’s on at a specific time on a specific
channel. She has the channels of different stations of different areas
memorized. She could tell you what channel MTV is in Torrance. She could
tell you what channel USA is in Rowland Heights. She could tell you what
channel TNT is in Fullerton. My sister has memorized practically
everything there is to know about television. Yet, she has difficulty
memorizing the multiplication table, all due to the effects of watching
television endlessly. Television has had a detrimental effect on many
youths.
2. Television has dulled the mind of an average youth, having their
information passed to them on a silver platter. Not as many youths like to
read anymore because it involves too much work. My sister hates to read,
not only because there are words involved in that activity, but also because
it is now impossible for her to visualize the world presented within the
book. It is also impossible for her to focus on a book because of the short
attention span she has developed, and reading books just takes too much
time for her. Television presents the world to her, a different world every
thirty minutes, which holds her attention. This now leaves her no mental
work to do, except to decide which channel she would like to watch.
Because watching television requires no mental work, the brains of the
adolescents that watch television are not stimulated enough. This may lead
to a slower learning process, which would then explain my sister’s inability
to memorize the multiplication table.
3. Television consumes time youths should be dedicating to more
important and more essential things in their lives. Television takes away
time that should be devoted to homework. When my sister gets home from
school, she will immediately flip the television on, leaving her homework
for later. When she finally decides to do her homework, the television will
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remain on, and she will sit on the couch with her books propped up in front
of her, giving it only half of her attention. Homework takes longer to
complete, and it probably will not be her best work since only half of her
concentration was focused on it. Television also takes time away from
quality family time. Most adolescents do not have a strong family
connection. Families whose only time together is at the dinner table will
waste precious quality time with their heads turned towards the television.
The youth of today lose the strong morals and values they can get when
spending time with their family. Television can even take away time from
friends. When I spend time with my friends, I like to talk with them or go
out. When my sister spends time with her friends, they spend the whole day
watching the television. Their conversation revolves around what they are
watching on the television. Most teens have the majority of their day
devoted to the television.
4. Television has exposed a world of violence, drugs, and sexual
immorality to our youth, causing them to be apathetic towards these issues.
Many television shows have made at least one of the three aspects, violence,
drugs, and sexual immorality, a normalcy. The Simpsons is a show that is
enjoyed by many teens. This show depicts violence as something comedic.
Regularly, in this show, the father chokes his son at least once, and the
children watch a cartoon show called Itchy and Scratchy, in which a cat and
mouse try to kill each other. Our youths today find this violence funny.
When they encounter violence in real life, they do not consider it serious
because they experience it every day on the television. Characters in
television shows such as Married with Children smoke, and although there
are commercials advertising against smoking more than ever, smoking on
the television gives our youths a different message. This advertises for the
cigarette companies for practically free. In The Drew Carey Show, all the
main characters spend their free time in a bar drinking. Adolescents of today
model their behavior after characters like these who live in worlds of
violence, drugs and sexual immorality, and they do not realize that what
they are doing is wrong because to our youth, whatever they see and hear on
television is right.
5. When television was first invented, its purpose was to bring the
family together and perhaps present a way in which we could receive
information faster. In modern times, the television has managed to affect
our youth in ways we would not have imagined. The family gathering
concept has disappeared. We have accomplished a faster way to transmit
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information, but it was a little too much information a little too fast for the
wrong audience. Television has taken over our way of life and we must stop
the effects it has had on our youths and our society before it is too late.
Part One: Reading Comprehension (Score: 11/20)
A. Answer each of the following using your own words.
1. How do violence movies influence the youths’ behavior? (Score: 0.5)
2. Depict 2 purposes for inventing the television. (Score: 01)
3. Has the use of television succeeded in attaining its original purposes?
(Score: 01)
4. If it were up to you, would you encourage the excessive use of mass
media? Why? (Score: 01) B.
1. What type of introduction does the writer use in the above text? What
purpose(s) does it serve? (Score: 01)
2. Why does the author rely heavily on a real live example (his/her sister)?
(Score: 01)
3. What is the tone/attitude dominating paragraph 4? (Score: 01)
4. What type of audience might be interested in reading such a text? (Score:
01)
C. Skim paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 to spot out the harmful effects television
has on youths, and then fill the chart below using phrases. (Score:
02)
Mental and Educational Effects Social and Personal Effects
D. What does each of the pronouns, bold-typed in the selection, refer

to?
(Score: 01)
1. this (paragraph 2)
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2. her (paragraph 3)
E. Identify the pattern of organization in each of the following
sentences. State the indicator of each pattern. (Score: 01)
1. After a long, hard day … to my apartment (sentence 1,
paragraph 1)
2. We have accomplished …. for the wrong audience. (sentence 4,
paragraph 5)
Part Two: Writing (Score: 09/20)
Although the above text focuses on the destructive effects of television on
the youths as a whole, TV can have constructive effects as well. Develop a
wellorganized essay focusing on at least two positive sides of TV as a mass
media. Use enough evidence to support your point of view.
[Score: 05 for content, 03 for form, and 01 for tidiness and legible
handwriting]
Answer Key
Part One: Reading Comprehension (Score: 11/20)
A. Answer each of the following using your own words.
1. How do violence movies influence the youths’ behavior? (Score: 0.5)
Adolescents nowadays model their behavior after characters who live in
worlds of violence, drugs and sexual immorality, and they do not realize
that what they are doing is wrong because to our youth, whatever they
see and hear on television, namely in violence movies, is right. This is
further encouraged by the fact that these shows add a sense of normalcy.
2. Depict 2 purposes for inventing the television.
(Score:
01)
Some of the purposes for inventing the television include bringing the
family together and presenting a way in which we could receive
information faster.
3. Has the use of television succeeded in attaining its original purposes?
(Score: 01)
No, the use of television hasn’t succeeded in attaining its original
purposes. It’s true that people have accomplished a faster way to
transmit information, but it was a little too much information a little too
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fast for the wrong audience, and the concept of family gatherings has
disappeared.
4. If it were up to you, would you encourage the excessive use of mass
media? Why? (Score: 01) Answers will vary. B.
purpose(s) does it serve? (Score: 01)
The type of introduction used is a brief anecdote which is employed by
the author in an attempt to arouse the reader’s interest, add a sense of
realism and authenticity, introduce the subject matter, and entice the
reader to continue reading.
2. Why does the author rely heavily on a real live example (his/her sister)?
(Score: 0.5)
The author relies heavily on the real live example in order to add a sense
of authenticity and realism to the text, achieve credibility, make the text
more convincing, and support his point of view.
3. What is the tone/attitude dominating paragraph 4? (Score: 01)
The tone or attitude dominating paragraph 4 is that of concern, worry,
and disparagement. The author is concerned, worried, and critical about
the way the television is being used as a mass media and its effect on
today’s to the extent that he depicts these deadly ways and their effects in
building violence, addiction, and sexual immorality throughout paragraph
4. 4. What type of audience might be interested in reading such a text?
(Score: 01)
teenagers/parents/ social counselors/ and others…………Justifications
should be given for each.
C. Skim paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 to spot out the harmful effects television
has on youths, and then fill the chart below using phrases.
(Score:
02)
Mental and Educational Effects Social and Personal Effects
postponing school work and not disappearance of family gathering
concentrating on assignments
dull the mind of an average youth losing quality time with family
since information is given on a members
silver platter
adding a sense of normalcy and absence of healthy conversations
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nonchalance to the concepts of

violence, sexual morality, and drugs
spread of violence, sexual
immorality, and addiction
D. What does each of the pronouns, bold-typed in the selection, refer
to?
(Score: 01)
1. this refers to the action of presenting the world to the author’s sister
2. her refers to the author’s sisters
E. Identify the pattern of organization in each of the following
sentences. State the indicator of each pattern. (Score: 01)
1. Time order/Chronological order 2. a. Cause /Effect / b. Contrast
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UNIT TEN: The Individual and the Family
Lesson One: Triumph over Tragedy
Approaching the text :

1. b 2. b 3. c
1. Two different atmospheres are set in the first five paragraphs. What are
they? How do they implicitly influence the reader? Explain.
At the first the atmosphere is that of happiness and pride, it makes the
reader imagine a strong , young man who doesn’t believe in racism, and
then the atmosphere becomes tragic as the author explains what
happened to Gerry and his injuries and pain; this makes the readers feel
sad and it makes them sympathize with Gerry.
2. How is Gerry described at the beginning of the story? Why do you think
the writer describes him as such?
Gerry was described as a winner and a leader; the writer used such
words to show the reader that Gerry wouldn’t give up and that he’s
strong enough to fight any problem he might face.
3. In what sense is the above narrative text related to the theme of
individualism? Explain.
It is related to the theme of individualism because 1- it focuses on Gerry
and what happened to him and 2- it focuses on Gerry’s efforts and what
he did to improve himself rather than sit and feel sorry for himself .
4. What are some of Gerry’s achievements after he had become paralyzed?
What do these achievements reveal? Explain.
He helped other people in need and he cheered up patients who had also
been in accidents that caused circumstances similar to his ; he also won
the president’s award and he also coordinated a walk and participated
in the wheel chair Olympics. The author included such achievements to
show readers that with determination and emotional as well as mental
strength and faith in ourselves anything is possible.
Analyzing Stylistic Elements:
1. What is the attitude of the writer towards Gerry as can be implicitly
depicted from the story?
The author obviously admires Gerry for his strength and determination.
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organization does the writer employ as a technique?
The text is narrative because it tells Gerry’s story. The author uses a
timeorder because she tells the story in the order that it happens.
3. Other than the common/ general reader, who might the author’s target
audience be? Show the interest of each type of audience.
The author’s target audience might be parents with a paralyzed child or
a person who is paralyzed. Parents of a paralyzed might be interested in
reading about Gerry because they’d know that their child’s life doesn’t
end if they’re paralyzed and those who themselves are paralyzed need to
read such a story so that they can become emotionally strong and so that
they can know that there are other options for them.
4. Is the writer successful in his choice of the title? Explain why or why not.
Yes, because it shows how anyone can defeat the circumstances of
tragedy or tragedy itself and that is what Gerry does.
Developing Skills:
1. Fill in the plot diagram given below with the suitable information based
on the text you read. Answers may vary.
2. State the meaning of the following words using contextual clues.
Stabilized 5 Became steady

Statement 8 report
Celebrated 2 To do something fun for a special
occasion
Pamper 10 Indulge
Ditch 3 A long narrow hole
3. Using the glossary below write the words in a cohesive paragraph.
Macho: manly or masculine
Careened: move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way in a specific
direction.
Attendant: helper (in this case nurses and other hospital staff)
Switch board: an installation for manual control of a telephone
Answers will vary
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Endowed with individualistic values (you have already cited in “connecting

to the theme”, Gerry said, “I don’t care if I’m paralyzed. God left me with
my brain, and I’m going to use it to help people less fortunate.”
Taking the given text and quotation into consideration and in a well
organized essay of 300 words, tell the story of another disabled person who
was not able to surpass his disability and was shattered and defeated simply
because of the world outside.
Lesson Two: Culture and Family Dynamics

Using your general knowledge and personal experience, answer the
following questions in complete sentences.
1. Who makes the decisions in your immediate family? Answers will vary
2. Does decision making change depending on the situation or is it always
the same?
Answers will vary
3. Think of your society now and 20 years ago. a) Have the family
dynamics changed? b) Do you think they’ll be different 20 years from
now? Answers will vary
Skim the text, and then select the best completion.
1. b 2. c 3. c
1. What are differences and similarities between a nuclear and an extensive
family? Use the text and real life example to support your answer. A
nuclear family is usually made up of parents and their children , while
an extensive family is made up of parents, grandparents and children. An
extensive family can also include aunts, uncles and godparents.
(examples might vary)
2. The author mentions migrating families, what problems might such
families face? What are some possible solutions?
Migrating families might face problems with adjusting to the new
country’s culture or with their children being confused as to which
culture they should follow. A few possible solutions could be allowing the
children to blend both culture or giving them the option of adopting
either culture.
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3. What is meant by acculturation? Does this concept have positive or

negative impacts on family interaction? Refer to paragraph 6 for
explanation.
Acculturation is the sudden change in family dynamics due to migration,
this mostly has negative impacts on a family interaction as it may
completely change its dynamics and the reason that’s negative is that the
change is sudden rather than gradual, such a shift might create
resentment and problems within the family.
4. In the author’s opinion, why shouldn’t children be used as interpreters?
using children as interpreters might cause feelings of resentment with the
older generation who might be angry at the fact that their children know
more than they do and that healthcare individuals for example might
have to refer to the children rather than their parents for help.
5. Why do you think the author has used different live examples from
different cultures?
The author used different live examples from different cultures to make
his ideas more real and more diverse and believable
1. What is the thematic link between paragraphs 4 and 5?
Addition (idea clarification is also acceptable)- explanation might vary)
2. The author uses subtitles in the above text. Why does he resort to such a
technique?
______The author uses subtitles to make his text more organized and
easier to read.
3. What kinds of evidence does the author use? How does this enhance the
text?
____The author uses real life examples such as referring to actual
cultures and the differences between them, this does enhance the text by
making it more real and by showing the reader the actual differences
between cultures.
4. What pattern of organization does the writer use in paragraph 2? Refer to
specific clues for explanation.
Contrast because he contrasts two different cultures.
specific purposes does this type serve?
The author uses facts in his introduction in order to give the reader a
background and make the text seem more real and believable.
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Developing skills
1. Using the word bank below, fill in the following blanks.
Nuclear/ individuality and uniqueness/ patrilineal/ self-reliance and
individuality/collectivist/in order to become friends with the patient/
bilateral/ in order to understand how relationships are structured
a. Cultures differ in how they encourage ____individuality_________]
and __uniqueness _______ versus conformity and interdependence
b. Western families typically follow a(n)_______nuclear __________
family model.
c. It is important for health care providers to know the family dynamics
___ in order to understand how relationships are
structured_________.
d. The familial pattern that is established in the Middle East is
_patrilineal _______________.
2. What do the bold-typed pronouns in the above text refer to?
Pronoun Paragraph Referent
This 2 Nuclear family dynamics
this 3 Mothers often gain a great deal of support
from the grandmothers in domestic matters
these 4 basic concepts of role flexibility and kinship
This 6 The offspring adapting to a new culture
faster
3. Fill the Venn diagram with the differences and similarities between
Asian and American families
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Chinese Families American Families
Collectivist
Father is usually the
Grandparents live Nuclear
head of the family
with the family
Family always has Bilateral
a mother, father and
children

The given text discusses how families, their hierarchies and dynamics differ
across cultures. Based on what you’ve read and on your personal experience
in your own culture, write the type of family you’d like to be part of.
In a cause- effect essay of about 300 words, support your choice by using
pieces of evidence and examples.
WRITING TECHNIQUES
Classification essay
 Questions:
1. Underline the thesis statement in the above essay and then state the
controlling ideas.
The thesis statement is “Such concerns are classified into social
concerns, environmental concerns, and professional and political
concerns.” The controlling ideas are “social concerns”, “environmental
concerns” and “professional and political concerns”.
2. How are paragraphs 2 and 3 cohesively linked? Justify your answer.
Paragraphs 2 and 3 are thematically related by addition through a direct
and an indirect cohesive link, for the author uses the determinative
“another” which has an additive sense here and repeats the word
“category”.
3. Suggest another title for the text. Justify your choice.
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Answers will vary, but the titles suggested should correspond to the main
idea of the text.
Assessment Test
Lebanon’s Kidnapped Teen Bride
By Jamie Dettmer
This article is about a 13-year-old girl who was abducted by her father’s creditor
and forced to marry his older son, in a case that has activists calling for a
minimum age for marriage in the country.
1- The plight of a kidnapped 13-year-oldgirl
from southern Beirut is highlighting the lack of
legal protection of women and girls in Lebanon,
where ingrained cultural habits and the sway of
religious authorities are blocking the advance of
women’s rights.
2- Eva, a happy-go-lucky teenager, was
abducted early last month by a creditor of her
father’s and forced to marry the man’s 23-yearold
son. Her case became a cause célèbre in the
country. But despite the backtracking, none of the
girl’s tormenters have been arrested and they are
unlikely to face any charges. And many Lebanese believe the abduction
should be resolved by tribal customs rather than the legal system.
3- Eva’s ordeal began when her father fell behind on a debt and the
creditor abducted the girl from outside her parent’s home, initially in a bid
to pressure her father into resuming payments. The man then decided to
marry Eva off to his 23-year-old son; who knew the girl’s age, officiated.
Under Lebanese law, religious authorities from the countries 17 sects have
jurisdiction over their communities when it comes to matters of “personal
status,” including marriage and domestic disputes.
4- Women’s rights groups were tipped off about the case and the father
filed a lawsuit, with the kidnapper filing a counter-action. The abductor
claimed the girl had given her consent for the marriage and the clearly
bewildered Eva was even trotted out on Lebanese television, where she
said she loved her husband. As a hue-and-cry mounted, Lebanese security
forces intervened and freed the girl last week, and on October 29 a
religious authority, annulled the marriage.
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5- Eva’s liberation hasn’t satisfied women’s rights activists, though,

who have been campaigning to set a minimum age for marriage and
battling the country’s religious authorities to enact stalled legislation that
would raise the status of women and enshrine many women’s rights. The
same law would also protect women from spousal violence.
6- For them, Eva’s ordeal highlights the lowly legal status of women in
Lebanon and illustrates a host of abuses Lebanese women face in a country
that doesn’t accord them equal rights with men. Jean Aziz, a columnist,
says the case “exemplifies the tragedy of the perilous position of women in
Lebanon”—a tragedy in which “religion, a tribal society, a weak state and
backwardness of laws and rules intertwine.”
7- But freedom is relative and all too often depends on class as well as
religion, says Rima ZaaZaa of the Lebanese NGO (Solidarity and
Development), who counsels abused women. “We as women are not being
raised to look for ourselves, to try to achieve our objectives, to try to look
for our personal needs as well. You are all the time being raised as if you
are in a submissive position.”
8- In Eva’s case, much of the public debate was focused on the fact of
the abduction and the lack of parental consent for the marriage than on her
age when being married off. “The case was outrageous just because she
had been kidnapped. If the parents had agreed to the marriage, the
transaction would have been totally acceptable. Even normal, I might say.
Nobody would have lifted a finger,” notes commentator Ana Maria Luca
on the NOW news site.
9- The day-to-day lives of many Lebanese women are filled with
violence and subjugation, according to a recently-published academic study
by doctors at American University at Beirut. The study polled 100 married
women who visited the medical center for gynecological consultations and
found that of the 91 willing to take part in the survey, 40 percent had been
beaten by their spouses; and two-thirds had endured verbal abuse and more
than a fifth said their spouses demanded their social isolation.
10- What shocked the doctors, who completed the analysis of a survey—
it was begun by a young female doctor who was murdered by her fiancée
after breaking off the engagement—was how the women accepted their
plight. The researchers found that many of the abused women were totally
resigned to their situation, accepting their duty to obey their spouses and
endure what culture and social norms dictated. Women activists hope Eva’s
ordeal will help them confront those norms.
110
(The Dailybeast, Nov 5, 2013)

A- Reading Comprehension:
1. Explain in 2- 3 sentences the reasons of kidnapping Eva. (0.75 pt.)
2. Does the Lebanese law have any civil authority concerning marriages?
Justify your answer. (0.75 pt)
3. Clarify how women’s rights groups and activists had helped Eva. (1 pt.)
4. Skim paragraphs 9& 10 to summarize the survey outcome in 3 sentences.
What was the result that surprised the doctors in the survey? (2 pts.)
5. Who, in your opinion, is responsible for Eva’s forced marriage? Explain.
(0.5 pt.)
6. Do you support activists in calling for a minimum age for marriage? Why
or why not? (1 pt.)
1. Paraphrase the underlined sentence in paragraph 8. (1 pt.)
2. What is the mood in paragraphs 2 and 3? Explain. (1 pt.)
3. How is the author’s tone in paragraph 11? Justify it.(1 pt.)– (paragraph
11)
4. Identify the thematic link between paragraphs 1 and 4? Explain it. (1 pt.)
5. Scan paragraphs 3, 4 & 5 to find two adjective phrases, and two adjective
clauses and then tell which words they modify. (1 pt./ 0.25 each)
C- Vocabulary:
Use context clues to guess the meaning of the words given. Fill in the
table with the suitable information. (1 pts./0.25 each)
Word Para Context Clues Meaning
Plight 1
Annulled 4
Perilous 6
Submissive 8
D- Writing: (8/ 20)
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No one will argue that as a parent, the greatest fear is finding out that your
child is missing. The same applies to the child who has been abducted. The
subject of missing children is not one that parents or children like to think
about, but it is a reality of everyday life. Even with the best parental care
some children still go missing. How can the problem of child abduction be
solved?
and clearly provide a thesis statement, and that each of your body
supporting details. Draft, revise, and proofread your problem solution essay.
pts. for coherence and 1 pt. for mechanics)
Answer Key
1. Explain in 2- 3 sentences the reasons of kidnapping Eva. (0.75 pt.) Eva
was kidnapped because her dad owed a man some money. Initially the
man wanted his money back but then he forced 13 year old Eva to marry
his grown up son.
2. Does the Lebanese law have any civil authority concerning marriages?
Justify your answer. (0.75 pt)
No , because the Lebanese law leaves such issues in the hands of the
person’s sect since there are over 17 sects in Lebanon.
3. Clarify how women’s rights groups and activists had helped Eva. (1 pt.)
They helped her by giving her dad a chance to file a law suit as well as
paving the way for special forces to help the girl escape.
4. Skim paragraphs 9& 10 to summarize the survey outcome in 3 sentences.
What was the result that surprised the doctors in the survey? (2 pts.)
The outcome was that many women in Lebanon suffer from domestic
abuse. These women vary in age as well as in socio-economic groups.
Women in Lebanon suffer from different types of abuse including
physical and verbal.
The result that shocked the doctors was the fact that women were willing
to accept being abused .
5. Who, in your opinion, is responsible for Eva’s forced marriage? Explain.
(0.5 pt.)
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Answers may vary

6. Do you support activists in calling for a minimum age for marriage? Why
or why not? (1 pt.) Answers will vary
1. Paraphrase the underlined sentence in paragraph 8. (1 pt.) Answers may
vary
2. What is the mood in paragraphs 2 and 3? Explain. (1 pt.)
The mood is sad and serious because they’re discussing the kidnapping
and the forced marriage of child.
3. How is author’s tone in paragraph 11? Justify it.(1 pt.)– (no paragraph
11)
4. Identify the thematic link between paragraphs 1 and 4? Explain it. (1 pt.)
In paragraph one the author discusses Eva’s plight and in paragraph
four he explains what the women’s rights NGOs , her dad and the special
forces did to save her , therefore the thematic link is problem/solution.
5. Scan paragraphs 3, 4 & 5 to find two adjective phrases, and two adjective
clauses and then tell which words they modify. (1 pt./ 0.25 each)
C- Vocabulary:
Use context clues to guess the meaning of the words given. Fill in the
table with the suitable information. (1 pts./0.25 each)
Word Parah Context Clues Meaning
Plight 1 of a kidnapped Problem

Annulled 4 a religious authority, annulled Ended
the marriage.
Perilous 6 the tragedy, Eva’s ordeal dangerous
Submissive 8 women are not being raised to Meek/ weak/
look for ourselves obedient
113
UNIT ELEVEN: War and Revolutions
Lesson One: A Japanese Soldier Who Continued Fighting WWII

29 Years after the Japanese Surrendered

Discuss these questions in pairs or groups giving live examples based on
your readings, experience or surrounding world.
1- If you were a soldier would you follow all the rules literally without
questioning? Or would you break them at very critical situations?
Answers may vary
2- Don’t you think that at times national loyalty and devotion lead so many
people to sacrifice their lives irrespective of dire consequences? How
would you personally evaluate such people: heroes, or victims or fool?
Answers will vary
Skim the text for gist to circle the correct answer:
1. Who is Onoda?
a- a Japanese officer b- a
commanding officer c- a robot
2. What was Onoda taught at Nakano School?
a- Methods of planning and
parachute jumping b- Sewing and
knitting
c- Methods of gathering intelligence and conducting guerrilla warfare
3. How did Onoda and his group manage to survive?
a- They continued to use guerrilla warfare tactics, and they strictly
rationed supplies.
b- They helped each other, built shelter and continued to use guerrilla
warfare.
c- They rationed supplies and helped each other by standing guard.
4. Onoda didn’t give up for _____________ a- He
didn’t believe that Japan had lost the war. b- He
114
didn’t want to surrender. c- The enemy didn’t

wave a white flag.
1. How is the text related to the theme of war? Explain.
The text is related to theme of war because it talks about the story of a
Japanese solider and what he went through during war.
2. Why would Onoda have found it hard to surrender even when a Japanese
man found him and told him the truth?
Onoda would have found it difficult because of the strong faith he had in
his country; he believed that Japan couldn’t have lost.
3. What did the author mean by “ How could they have been so sloppy?”?
The author meant that how could they have been so careless that they
lost the war, he wanted to know how the army hadn’t planned better or
hadn’t worked harder to win because they were a strong army that
shouldn’t have lost.
4. Why was reality so bitter and tragic to Onoda? Give pieces of evidence to
explain your point of view.
Reality was so bitter and tragic because he really believed in his
country(evidence may vary)
5. Do you think the author has made Onoda a character that you can easily
sympathize with? Why or why not?
(answers may vary )- Sample answer- The author did make him into a
character we can sympathize with, because we love our countries and we
all believe that they are the best, and just like Onoda we would be
shocked and in denial if we heard any negativity about them.
6. Onoda’s attitude and behavior as a soldier has created a lot of
controversy. Explain how.
Onoda was considered both a murderer of innocent people because he
never stopped fighting and was soon killing civilians rather than soldiers
and others see him as hero who was a devout believer in his convictions
and in his country
1. What is the thematic link between paragraphs 10 and 11? Which
cohesive devices does the writer use to link these two paragraphs?
Explain.
115
Contrast because the author uses “but”; it contrast how despite finally
believing what he had been told with the fact that it was a devastating
blow.
organization does the writer employ? Explain and give specific clues to
explain your answer.
The writing is a narrative because it tells the story of Onoda and what
happened to him during the war. The order of organization is time-order
because the author explains what happened to Onoda from the start to
the end of the war.
3. What is the general tone of the author?
The general tone is that of sadness and seriousness. Because the author
is dealing with the harsh reality of war it has to be serious and because
he’s telling the story of a Onoda’s suffering it is sad.
4. The author chose to narrate the story to tell his readers about war, why
did he choose this type?
He chose this type because people usually like listening to or reading a
story. It makes the events easier to sympathize with and to relate to.
5. What literary device does the author use in paragraph 6? What is the
function of such a device?
The author uses personification “deaf ear” to make emphasize the fact
that the Japanese soldiers ignored the pamphlets.
6. What is the general tone of paragraph 6? How does it change in
paragraph
10? Explain.
The tone in paragraph six is that of anger and disbelief , it changes in
paragraph ten to acceptance.
Developing Skills
1. Summarize Onoda’s story in7-10 sentences.
(Answers may vary )
2. Select from the text the words that have the following meaning.
a- is a form of irregular warfare used in military ( paragraph 1)
Guerilla b- an action or strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific
end.
116
(paragraph 4) Tactics c- disagreement, typically when prolonged ,

public and heated
(paragraph12) Controversy d- political cause or point of
view(paragraph 5) information typically of biased or misleading nature,
used to promote or publicize a particular Propaganda
3. Fill in the graphic organizer with either the problem or solution
Problem Solution
Being stranded in the jungle used guerrilla warfare tactics and
rationed their supplies
Onoda disappeared and nobody the Japanese sending a search party
could find and he was still to find Onoda
fighting
Onoda did not believe that the war The government sent his
was over and that he should head commanding officer
home
1. What would you have done if you were in Onoda’s shoes? With a partner
discuss what you options might have been and how you might have
overcome any possible outcomes.
2. Imagine you were a soldier fighting for your country. Narrate what
occurred with you in a personal narrative essay of 250- 300 words.
Lesson Two: War

Skim the text for gist to match the completion of each of the given:
1. B The carriage that the man and a. their love for their children
woman rode in was_______ b. luxurious, smoky and second
2. F the man believed that his wife class
should be pitied for __________ c. her son had died at war
3. A The passengers were fighting d. who gets to sit by the window
over______________ e. stuffy, smoky and second class
117
f. her son was sent to fight

Comprehending the Author’s Point of View:
Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. How is the above story related to the theme of war?
The story is related to the theme of war because it is set during a war and
the characters in the story are discussing the fact that their sons have
been sent to fight the war.
2. What is common among all the characters in the train? Explain.
All their sons have been sent to fight the war that is happening, therefore
all their sons are soldiers.
3. What purpose does the question “then... is your son dead?” serve?
Explain. The purpose of this question is to somehow provoke the man
into a reply , he seemed to have glorified the war and his son’s effort and
he didn’t seem to be sad about his son’s death . (answers may slightly
vary)
4. There is a big touch of irony enshrining paragraphs 8, 9, 10, and 12.
Identify it and see its effect upon you as a reader.
The irony is that while parents believe that their sons belong to them they
actually don’t; their sons belong to their country and to a certain extent
to themselves not to their parents. As a reader this makes me feel sad
because the parents took care of their kids and raised them well and
would lose them because of war.
5. Based on your understanding of the above text, state how the story as a
whole can be considered as a journey of discovery into the depth of life.
Refer to the fat man’s comment on war to verify your answer.
Answers may vary.
Analyzing Literary Elements
1. Describe the setting the author gives in the second paragraph. What’s its
purpose?
The story is set in a carriage that is smoky and dark, but second class so
it is slightly comfortable. The purpose is to show that life is a journey
and you never know who will be with you and when they will leave.
2. What dominant feelings enshrine the whole story?
118
The feelings are sadness, anger and pride because these are the feelings
usually associated with people who send their kids to fight for their
country.
3. What type of writing is the above text? Which order of organization does
the writer use to arrange his ideas?
Since it is a narrative, then the order of organization is time order.
4. Skim the text and find 2 examples of figures of speech the author used.
What purpose do these figures serve? Explain.
Country is a natural necessity like bread -simile
Nasty world- personification
They both make this text more interesting and more vivid.
5. Which words does the author use to foreshadow the events of the story?
(Refer to paragraphs 1 and 2 to answer)
He uses the words death-white to describe the man’s face and that is
usually true when someone has received bad news or talks about
something not pleasant.
6. What is the theme of the story? Is it implicit or explicit?
It explicitly talks about war and its more emotional effects.
Developing skills
1. Fill in the graphic organizer with the noun that each pronoun refers to.
Pronoun Paragraph Noun
his 2 The man traveling with his wife
he 4 The man traveling with his wife
you 6 The other man
we 9 The people who have a child fighting
His 12 The man talking about his dead son
2. State the meaning of the following words using contextual clues..
a. Stuffy – paragraph 2- line 1- smoky , hard to breath in
b. Devoted –paragraph 5- line 3- dedicated to their son
c. Discrimination – paragraph 7- line 5- differentiation
d. Spurt-paragraph7 -line 1- show ,
e. Excessive-paragraph 5-line 1- a lot of
119
3. Select from the text the words that have the following meaning.
A- comfort or cheer up- paragraph 11 – console
B- inflamed eyes typically in case if tiredness- paragraph 7- bloodshot
C- delusions or trickeries-paragraph 9– disillusions
D- silliness, unimportance – paragraph -7- nonsense
4. Paraphrase paragraph 2 in two- to – three lines Answers may vary
1. With a partner imagine that you are either two parents discussing their
sons’ volunteering to fight or two soldiers talking about their family and
everyone they’ve left behind
2. The author depicts the pain of family members who have someone
fighting in a war, and the conflict between being proud and being scared
of what might happen. Regardless of our feelings towards fighting in a
war, it is sometimes the right thing to do. Based on the opinions in the
story you’ve read and on what you might have heard from people, what
are the pros and cons of having a family member fight in war?
In an argumentative essay of about 300 words discuss your opinion
explaining it with live examples.
WRITING TECHNIQUES
Argumentative Essay
Activity
1. What is the writer arguing about in the above text?
The author is arguing in favor of sending children to fight for their
country and defend it against invaders since martyrdom in such a case
would be an act of valor against anything that threatens one’s country
and culture and safeguards his fellow citizens from the ruthlessness of
invaders.
2. What pieces of evidence did the writer use to support his claim?
The author refers to the benefits of involving children in armed conflicts
against invaders in order to support his stand or claim which is with this
notion. As such, he/she highlights the significance of such a deed in
fighting back against anything that threatens one’s country and culture
and safeguards his fellow citizens from the ruthlessness of invaders.
120
3. What is the function of paragraph 4 in the text? Justify

Paragraph 4 presents the counter argument and its refutation since
he/she refers to what critics of his/her notion say about the topic,
parents’ refusal of the idea of their children’s martyrdom for their
country since it would be a great loss in case of their death, and then
refutes it by saying that parents teach their kids to take risks in life, not to
be afraid, and to give back to the community and fight for what they
believe in
Assessment Test
Pentagon Draws up ‘Rules of Engagement’ for Cyber-war
By Jim Michael
Read the following text, in which the writer presents the reasons behind launching
new military cyber rule that could save the American nation from being attacked
by hackers. When you are through, answer the questions that follow.
1- The Pentagon is putting the finishing touches on rules that will give
military commanders clearer authority if they have to respond to an enemy
cyber-attack, military officials and cyber-security experts say.
2- Defense Department officials have started talking more openly about
offensive cyber-capabilities, including the creation of 13 teams capable of
offensive operations if the United States is attacked. “This is all putting the
world on notice, particularly the Chinese, that we’re tired of them breaking
into private companies,” said Richard Bejtlich, chief security officer at
Mandiant, a computer security company.
3- The so-called rules of engagement will “provide a defined
framework for how best to respond to the plethora of cyber-threats we
face,” said Damien Pickart, a Pentagon spokesman. The rules will be secret
and cover more conventional combat as well. The cyber-warfare rules are
the most contentious because it is a new domain.
4- The Pentagon said the military has existing rules that allow it to
defend the nation, but analysts say the new rules will give military
commanders clearer guidance and make it easier to take action without
clearing it at the presidential level. The need to create a new set of rules
121
reflects how muddled the cyber-world is. Even what constitutes an act of
war is difficult to determine.
5- Keith Alexander, head of Cyber-Command, said recently the bulk of
cyber-attacks are espionage and commercial theft, not an act of war. “If the
intent is to disrupt or destroy our infrastructure, I think you’ve crossed a
line,” he said.
6- NATO is struggling with similar issues. A new NATO report that
attempts to apply international law to cyber-warfare concludes that a state
can retaliate in a proportional way against a country that attacks it. It also
said that determining where the attack originated is difficult. Even if
investigators determine where an attack originated, it could have been the
work of a hacker who routed it through a third nation.
7- Last month, when hackers launched an attack on South Korean
companies, investigators initially identified China as the source of the
attack. Investigators then backed off the accusation and said it was unclear
where it originated.”The item that makes cyber-warfare more difficult is the
issue of attribution,” Roberts said.
8- There are other murky issues. China regularly attempts to steal
corporate secrets in an effort to assist its own economy, which isn’t
traditionally a military issue. Alexander said the theft of corporate data by
criminals and nations is “the greatest unwilling transfer of wealth in
history.”
9- Military officials expect the cyber-threat will worsen. “When you
look at the strategic landscape from our perspective, it’s getting worse,”
Alexander told Congress recently.
10- The Pentagon has said its cyber-rules of engagement would be in
accordance with normal laws of land warfare. But some analysts say the
forms of warfare are so different that they wouldn’t apply. For example,
most cyber-attacks are not designed to cause physical harm.
11- “You take all the military rules of engagement and apply them in
cyberspace and you have to be scratching your head,” said Martin Libicki,
an analyst at Rand. He said new rules should be created that are tailored
specifically to the new technology. One of the most brazen cyber-attacks
was an assault on Iranian nuclear facilities in 2010 that damaged centrifuges
122
at the Natanz uranium enrichment facility. No one has claimed

responsibility for the attack, but the United States and Israel are suspected.
12- It was an act of sabotage that caused physical damage.”If that is
something we did, then we did something no one else ever did,” Libicki
said.
(USA Today Magazine, April 4th,
2013)  Questions
1. According to Jim Michael, what are two reasons for defining new cyber
rules? How do these rules differ from the old ones? (1 pt./ 0.5 each)
2. Why didn’t Keith Alexander consider the bulk of cyber attacks as an act
of war? Explain. (1 pt.)
3. In case of a cyber attack, what steps would the assailed country take on
the international level? Why would there be difficulties in finding the
hacker’s source? Use an example to support your answer. (1.5 pts.)
4. In paragraph 12, Libicki says: “If that is something we did, then we did
something no one else ever did”. Explain this quotation in 3-4 sentences.
(1.5 pts.)
1. Identify the thesis statement of the selection. Justify your answer. ( 1pt.)
2. What type(s) of evidence does Jim Michael use to support his article?
(1 pt.)
3. Study the following sentences in paragraph 10 and see if they are
connected by direct or indirect transition devices. (1 pt./ 0.5 each)
a. Sentence 1 and 2:
b. Sentence 2 and 3:
4. Identify the sentence pattern of each of the following: (2 pts./ 0.5 each)
a. Sentence 1 of paragraph 4 : “ The Pentagon said the …..”-
b. Sentence 1 of paragraph 7: “Last month, …” -
c. Sentence 3 of paragraph 10: “For example …..”-
d. Sentence 2 of paragraph 12: “If that is something ….”-
C- Vocabulary:
123
Circle the letter of the choice that means nearly the same as the word
in bold italics below. The sentences are quoted from the reading
selection. (2 pts./ 0.5 each)
1- The so-called rules of engagement will provide a defined framework for
how best to respond to the plethora of cyber-threats we face.
a- warb-
threats c-
excess d-
security
2- The bulk of cyber-attacks are espionage and commercial theft, not an act
of war. a- industrial b- spying c- military d- hacked
3- A state can retaliate in a proportional way against a country that attacks
it.
a- reven
geb-
respond c-
originate
d- attack
4- There are other murky issues.
a- easyb
- worse
c- difficult
d- weak.
D- Writing:
For a long time, war in cyberspace remained the domain of science fiction
writers. However, with the creation of the US Cyber Command as part of
the US Strategic Command in June 2009, it seems that cyber warfare has
become an official and serious concern for international security. With that
development many questions about the nature of war begin to arise. How
will this new medium affect war? Is a “cyber-war” to be expected or
perhaps cyberspace will become another plane of combat, much like sea or
air?
Do you agree or disagree that governments need to do more to safeguard the
internet from hacking and cyber warfare because such activity threatens
access for all users? Write an argumentative essay of 350- 400 words
showing your position. Use specific reasons and details to support your
124
opinion. Organize your ideas in the “Pros and Cons” table. ( 4 pts. for ideas,
3 pts. for coherence and 1 pt. for mechanics).
Answer key
1. According to Jim Michael, what are two reasons for defining new cyber
rules? How do these rules differ from the old ones? (1 pt./ 0.5 each)
Because attacks have increased , and to prevent future attacks . The new
rules will give military commanders a clearer guidance and help them
take action without clearing at a higher level.
2. Why didn’t Keith Alexander consider the bulk of cyber attacks as an act
of war? Explain. (1 pt.)
He doesn’t consider them as an act of war because they’re mainly acts of
theft towards other companies.
3. In case of a cyber attack, what steps would the assailed country take on
the international level? Why would there be difficulties in finding the
hacker’s source? Use an example to support your answer. (1.5 pts.)
They can respond in a proportional way and it is hard to find the source
because a hacker would re-rout it through a third nation. ( examples may
vary )
4. In paragraph 12, Libicki says: “If that is something we did, then we did
something no one else ever did”. Explain this quotation in 3-4 sentences.
(1.5 pts.)
Libicki is indirectly denying the claims that America attacked the nuclear
station. His quote means that it is something that is hard to achieve. It
also means that if America had indeed done then they would have done
something no has ever done before.
1. Identify the thesis statement of the selection. Justify your answer. ( 1pt.)
The Pentagon is putting the finishing touches on rules that will give
military commanders clearer authority if they have to respond to an
enemy cyber-attack, military officials and cyber-security experts say –
because it basically states what the text will be about.
125
2. What type(s) of evidence does Jim Michael use to support his article? (1
pt.)
Jim uses quotes and facts to support his article. ( examples might vary)
3. Study the following sentences in paragraph 10 and see if they are
connected by direct or indirect transition devices. (1 pt./ 0.5 each)
a. Sentence 1 and 2:direct
b. Sentence 2 and 3:indirect
4. Identify the sentence pattern of each of the following: (2 pts./ 0.5 each)
a. Sentence 1 of paragraph 4 : “ The Pentagon said the …..”- compare/
contrast
b. Sentence 1 of paragraph 7: “Last month, …” - time
c. Sentence 3 of paragraph 10: “For example …..”- exemplification
d. Sentence 2 of paragraph 12: “If that is something ….”- conditional
C- Vocabulary:
Circle the letter of the choice that means nearly the same as the word
in bold italics below. The sentences are quoted from the reading
selection. (2 pts./ 0.5 each)
1- The so-called rules of engagement will provide a defined framework for
how best to respond to the plethora of cyber-threats we face.
a- war b-
threats c-
excess d-
security
2- The
bulk of
cyber-
attacks
are
espionage
and
commerci
al theft,
not an act
of war. a-
industrial
b- spying
126
c- military
d- hacked
3- A state can retaliate in a proportional way against a country that attacks
it.
a- reven
geb-
respond
c-
originate
d- attack
4- There are other murky issues.
a- easyb
- worse
c- difficult
d- weak.
127
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New Streams in English

UNIT ONE: Sports and Recreations

Lesson One: Do Athletes Make Better Students?

Connecting to the Theme

Approaching the text

d. we refers to Quentin Sloper and his students

Connecting to the Theme

According to Chaya, every citizen in Lebanon should be a role model to

5. What is the function of the concluding paragraph of the above text?

Adventurer Maxime Chaaya

Part One: Reading (Score: 11/20)

Effort to Restore Children’s Play

A. Answer the following questions with (2-3) sentences of your own.

a. listing c- definition b-cause-

Part One: Reading (11/20)

away .from kids

UNIT TWO: Current Issues

Lesson One: Overwhelmed by Flow of Illegal Immigration

Connecting to The Theme

2- It is a reinforcement or support relation. In paragraph 7, Roberts shows

Comprehending The Author’s Point Of View

The thesis statement is “This should be done due to the innumerable

Children and the Internet: a Parent’s Guide

c) Social media and ideas about empathy, friendship, bullying,

A- Answer each of the following questions in 2-4 complete sentences of

3. What is the thematic link between paragraphs 5 and 6? Explain your

UNIT THREE: Ecological Environment

Lesson One: Our Mediterranean, Our Survival

Approaching the Text

4. The writer achieves credibility by using proper means of support. He

a. devouring algal forests

a. eating fish caught on long-line hooks

a. washing up shores endangering

Connecting to the theme:

the environment and the future generations into account? In pairs or in

(energy efficiency is maximized in such communities. Appliances save

1. 100% fresh air

2. Supporting Idea 2: Agricultural activities further intensify the

Part One: Reading (Score: 11)

The Problem With Energy Efficiency

By Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhausoct (8, 2014)

1 OAKLAND, Calif. — ON Tuesday, the Royal Swedish Academy of

were likely to result in significant “rebounds,” or increases, in energy

1. What is the author’s claim?(Score: 0.5)

2. The examples given in the paragraph demonstrate the evolution of

UNIT FOUR: Adolescence

Lesson One: Adolescent Anxiety (pages 73-80)

2. The author achieves coherence between paragraphs 7 and 8 by using

compares perfectionism to a fire that parents keep feeding and increasing

Lesson Two: Boys World

1. Highlighting /Keeping the negative aspects of boy world

Statement precautions and measures to be taken by parents and teachers.

Why Teenagers Act Crazy

Read the following text in which the psychiatrist, Richard Friedman,

5. The brain-development lag has huge implications for how we think

3. What is the pattern of organization of the underlined sentences in the text:

examination, or interview. These feelings are easily justified and considered

A- Answer each of the following questions in 2-4 sentences of your own:

UNIT FIVE: Literature

Lesson One: The Road Not Taken

Connecting to the Theme

Lesson Two: Gabriel Garcia Marquez