Project Report Kunal Sharma Final 2

PROJECT REPORT
ON
“Current Technologies used in malls”
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement of

degree in Bachelor of Business Administration
Of
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK

(SESSION 2021-22)
Submitted To: - Submitted By:-

Mrs. SNEHLATA Kunal Sharma
Assistant Professor, BBA CAM Roll No.:3234210040
Class: BBA CAM (6th Sem)
Reg. No. - 1911341459
Univ. Roll No.-3117432
DAV CENTENARY COLLEGE, FARIDABAD
(NIT 3, FARIDABAD)
PREFACE
The project report consists of detailed study of current technologies used in malls and things which I
have experienced in my project report it is going to help me throughout my life. I have worked on this
project with great enthusiasm and zeal.
My study is divided into six chapters with reference : introduction of impact of internet on society. I
discussed about objectives , scope , research design and limitations , data analysis , interpretation and
conclusion.
I have written bibliography and questionnaire for respondents.
KUNAL SHARMA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project entitled “Current Technologies used in Malls” has been

conducted by me.
I have completed this project based on the primary and secondary

research.
I am also thankful to MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,

ROHTAK for providing me the opportunity to do this project to help me
gain practical knowledge about the industry.
Mrs. Snehlata Beriwal [Faculty Guide] was very kind, genuine and
supportive, her valuable advice helped me a lot to complete my project
work successfully, extended my special thanks to various teachers, course
mates and all people for their interest in my project and sparing sometime
from there valuable time for my project.
I would also like to thank the respondents for giving their valuable time
filing questionnaire mailed to them.
KUNAL SHARMA
INDEX
SERIAL NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.
CHAPTER 1 5-19
INTRODUCTION OF THE
TOPIC
CHAPTER 2 20-43
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
CHAPTER 3 44-50
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 4 51-59
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
CHAPTER 5 60-63
CONCLUSION AND
SUGGESTION
CHAPTER 6 64-65
ANNEXURE
A. BIBLOGRAPHY
Chapter 1
Introduction
Technology
Technology is the result of accumulated knowledge and application of skills, methods, and
processes used in industrial production and scientific research. Technology is embedded in
the operation of all machines, with or without detailed knowledge of their function, for the
intended purpose of an organization. The technologies of society consist of what is known as
systems. Systems operate by obtaining an input, altering this input through what is known as a
process, and then producing an outcome that achieves the intended purpose of the system.
The earliest and simplest form of technology is the development of knowledge that leads to
the application of basic tools. The prehistoric invention of shaped stone tools and the
discovery of how to control fire increased the sources of food that were available to human
beings. The invention of the wheel led to the travelling technologies that helped humans to
further increase the yield of food production, travel in less time, and exchange information
and raw materials faster. Humanity then progressed to the development of the printing press,
the telephone, the computer, and then the Internet.
While technological advances have helped economies develop and create the rise of a leisure
class, many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and
the depletion of natural resources from the Earth's environment. As a consequence,
philosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology and whether technology
improves or worsens the human condition. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar
reactionary movements criticize the pervasiveness of technology by stating that technology
harms the environment and destroys human relationships. While this is the case, ideologies
such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as
beneficial to society and the human condition.
Types of Technology
There are 7 types of Technologies that we use today:
1. Agriculture and Bio Technology
2. Energy Power Technology
3. Medical Technology
4. Construction Technology
5. Manufacturing Technology
6. Transportation Technology
7. Information and Communication Technology
The term “agricultural technology” means machinery and other equipment engineered for an
applicable and novel use in agriculture, natural resources, and food relating to the research
and development of qualified products and projects.
An example of agricultural technology is satellite imaging that allows farmers to track the
conditions of their crops without visiting a certain location or precision agriculture that
provides more accurate methods necessary for seeding and growing crops. Also, advanced AI
and devices supported by it can provide more specific data and automate monitoring
completely. There are many use cases for today’s wide range of farming innovations.
Some of the new technologies used in agriculture are:-
 Drones and Satellite Imaging

 Precision Farming
 Farm Automation
 Soil and Water Sensors
 Weather Tracking
 Technology of Mini-Chromosomes
 Artificial Intelligence
 Blockchain
Agricultural biotechnology is a range of tools, including traditional breeding techniques, that

alter living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make or modify products; improve plants or
animals; or develop microorganisms for specific agricultural uses.
Modern biotechnology today includes the tools of genetic engineering.
Biotechnology provides farmers with tools that can make production cheaper and more
manageable. For example, some biotechnology crops can be engineered to tolerate specific
herbicides, which make weed control simpler and more efficient. Other crops have been
engineered to be resistant to specific plant diseases and insect pests, which can make pest
control more reliable and effective, and/or can decrease the use of synthetic pesticides. These
crop production options can help countries keep pace with demands for food while reducing
production costs. A number of biotechnology-derived crops that have been deregulated by the
USDA and reviewed for food safety by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been adopted by growers.
Genetically engineered plants are also being developed for a purpose known as
phytoremediation in which the plants detoxify pollutants in the soil or absorb and accumulate
polluting substances out of the soil so that the plants may be harvested and disposed of safely.
In either case the result is improved soil quality at a polluted site. Biotechnology may also be
used to conserve natural resources, enable animals to more effectively use nutrients present in
feed, decrease nutrient runoff into rivers and bays, and help meet the increasing world food
and land demands. Researchers are at work to produce hardier crops that will flourish in even
the harshest environments and that will require less fuel, labor, fertilizer, and water, helping to
decrease the pressures on land and wildlife habitats.
In addition to genetically engineered crops, biotechnology has helped make other

improvements in agriculture not involving plants. Examples of such advances include making
antibiotic production more efficient through microbial fermentation and producing new
animal vaccines through genetic engineering for diseases such as foot and mouth disease and
rabies.
2. Energy and Power Technology
Energy technology innovation can broadly be defined as processes that improve existing
technologies or create new ones and assist in technology transfer from the laboratory to
commercial widespread use.
Energy technology is an interdisciplinary engineering science having to do with the efficient,

safe, environmentally friendly and economical extraction, conversion, transportation, storage
and use of energy, targeted towards yielding high efficiency whilst skirting side effects on
humans, nature and the environment.
The processes used to create energy. They increasingly are focused on micropower, where
individual companies are creating their own power plants for their own use.
Power Technology is the study of how we are affected by Power/Energy/Transportation and
the importance these areas have to the world, the economy, our community and our families.
Students learn about terms related to Power Technology, what our primary energy sources are
and where they come from. They learn about the effect of energy use on the environment and
what we can do to make a positive impact. The class also investigates possible future energy
sources such as wind, solar, biomass, alternative fuels, etc.
Beyond the academic component of the class, students also are involved in an activity/project.
Typical activities are balloon powered vehicles, rubber band cars or a vehicle safety test
where a model car is crashed into a barrier to see if the passenger (a raw egg) can survive.
Students with continued interest in the areas of Power, Energy and Transportation can pursue
these topics by taking the 'Technology Education' major class in ninth grade. Students may
also take both basic and advanced Power Technology classes when they reach the high
school.
The Power Technology program gives all students a valuable experience in a serious topic
that affects the whole world. It is also a great subject for students who wish to go on to a
career in energy, engineering, transportation, etc.
Medical technologies are products, services or solutions used to save and improve people’s
lives.
Medical technologies are with you all the time:
From pregnancy tests to ultrasound scans, medical technology is with you from before you
are born. If you scratched your knee as a child, you wore a plaster; if your vision blurs, you
got glasses.
When you are unwell, diagnostics and medical devices help healthcare professionals restore
you to good health as quickly as possible.
Should you need surgery, medical technologies will ensure you get the care you need in a way
that is safe and minimally invasive; if your blood vessels become blocked, stents can help
clear the way; if you are seriously ill, an MRI scan can find the cause; if you require
monitoring, digital health tools can check your health status and communicate vital data to
health professionals.
Medical technologies - at every phase of the patient pathway :
In its many forms, medical technology is beneficial to the health and quality of life.
It offers:
Prevention
Medical technology can support in preventing disease, injury or other conditions, for example
through early detection tools.
Diagnosis
In vitro diagnostics test results help identify a specific condition, its development and
treatment selection.
Monitoring
Medical technology supports patients in checking the status of a disease or chronic condition.
Treatment
Medical technology help patients overcome injuries and diseases or treating chronic illnesses.
Care
Medical technology is found across the whole care pathway, it accelerates recovery and keeps
people healthy.
Medical devices are used in many diverse settings, for example, by laypersons at home, by
paramedical staff and clinicians in remote clinics, by opticians and dentists and by health-care
professionals in advanced medical facilities, for prevention and screening and in palliative
care.
By definition, construction technology is the “collection of innovative tools, machinery,

modifications, software, etc. used during the construction phase of a project”. The whole
purpose of construction technology is to help push the industry forward, to drive advancement
and innovation, and increase efficiency.
Sometimes referred to as “con tech”, construction technology is actually seen as its own
independent category of technology. In general technology is broken down into major
categories: manufacturing, medical, energy, transportation, agriculture and construction. The
fact that construction tech is its own category highlights just how valuable and unique of a
sector it is.
Modern construction equipment is as much a part of construction technology as blockchain,

drones or fleet management systems.
Since construction tech is defined as “innovative tools, machinery, software… used during the
construction phase of a project”, machine-powered equipment can be viewed as construction
tech just as much as GPS or fleet management software is. The changes that occurred in the
industry during the industrial revolution were a major milestone. There’s no way that the
industry would be where it is today without it. It’s important to remember how much
advancement has happened in the industry between the 19th century and the internet and tech
boom in the 90s and into the modern 21st century. It’s a big piece in construction history and
should not be undervalued.
The real value of construction tech is that it empowers employees and employers to make
smart choices that make them more productive and safer. On top of this, it is helping the
industry address larger challenges, such as labour shortages, which are more complicated and
difficult to address. A single person or company is not capable of addressing these larger
challenges on their own. Technology is a key way to address these challenges and to adapt to
the future.
New technology will not only help to address roadblocks the industry is facing but will also
help to bring future contractors, engineers, inventors and tech minds to the industry. Li
Kequiang once said, “Changes call for innovation and innovation leads to progress.”
By embracing construction technology, staying in touch with trends and welcoming progress,
the construction industry will continue to blossom into the future.
The term “manufacturing technology” means techniques and processes designed to

improve manufacturing quality, productivity, and practices, including quality control, shop
floor management, inventory management, and worker training, as well as manufacturing
equipment and software.
Manufacturing technology is a term that can refer to a number of modern methods of science,
production, and engineering that assist in industrial production and various manufacturing
processes.
There are many modern manufacturing technologies, most of them specifically relevant to
‘Industry 4.0’, the name given to the fourth industrial revolution, associated with automation,
data exchange, digital technology, artificial intelligence and machine learning, and the
‘Internet of Things’. Therefore, a lot of the manufacturing technologies innovating production
and industry are also relevant to this fourth wave of technological advancement.
Examples :
Smart Factories
Smart factories are environments that are highly digitised for manufacturing to take place
more efficiently through connected systems. Through innovative manufacturing technology,
machines and systems can, through automation and self-optimisation, learn and adapt to
situations with increased productivity. Facilities in France, Ireland, China, and the Czech
Republic were named the most productive and powerful smart factories in the world by the
World Economic Forum in 2019. Able to produce goods on a large scale, smart factories are
useful not just for manufacturing jobs but also for processes like planning, supply chain
logistics, and product development.
Cyber-Physical Systems
Cyber-physical systems are those which integrate computer, networking, and physical
processes, in which embedded computing technologies control and monitor processes in real
time. The combination of cyber and physical industries is crucial to this manufacturing
technology; the computer system monitors the process and identifies areas where change is
required, and the physical system reacts accordingly. Cyber-physical systems are often
considered one of the main advancements of Industry 4.0.
Additive Manufacturing
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a computer controlled process in which

three-dimensional objects can be created by materials deposited in layers. Using computer
aided design (CAD) or 3D object scanners, components, parts, or any other object can be
made without the use of machining or any other techniques, and therefore less surplus
material.
Big Data
Today data is collected constantly in systems, sensors, and commonplace electronic items like
mobile devices, and the amount of data to be stored is growing every day. ‘Big data’, a
collection of global data from various sources, can be a useful component in manufacturing
technology. Industry is in the process of developing methods to interpret and analyse data to
use in production. These potential productive uses include risk management, manufacturing
products to a customer’s specific tastes or order, improving quality, tracking production, and
logistics, amongst others.
Augmented Reality
Augmented reality (AR) technology displays digital content in the real world, allowing
visualisation of products or superimposing data or plans onto physical components and
machinery. In manufacturing, AR could be used to overlay text, statistics, such as showing the
running temperate of a piece of equipment without touching it, or virtual health and safety
training without requiring an individual to involve themselves in something potentially
harmful. Augmented reality glasses are predicted to reach around 19.1 million units by 2021,
and when combined with virtual reality devices, could hit 59.2 million units.
Numerical Control
Machining tools or items used in manufacture, such as 3D printers, can be regulated and
controlled remotely using CNC – computer numerical control. A CNC machine processes a
piece of material to key specifications, following a coded programmed instruction and
without the need for a manual operator. Modern CNC systems, through high tech computer
programming, allows the design and manufacture of a mechanical part to be highly
automated. Processes like laser cutting and additive manufacturing rely on numerical control
to efficiently and remotely create products.
6. Transportation Technology
Transportation technology refers to the technological improvements, tools or techniques, for

moving humans, animals, and goods from one place to another, using one or more types of
infrastructure and transport. Transportation technology can apply to all modes of transport
(air, land, water, pipeline, space, cable), which consist of transport infrastructure, vehicles,
and operations.
Examples
Here are some notable products of transportation technology:
Micro mobile vehicles
In modern times, hoverboards, diesel or electric motor-powered bicycles, motor scooters, and
motorcycles represent micro-mobile transportation technologies. Chinese researchers also
developed an autonomous bicycle in 2019 that maintains balance and avoids obstacles while
responding to voice commands and can carry cargo on platforms.
Land vehicles
These are common types of land vehicles and some of their features:
Steam to diesel to electric engines
Cars were the first type of ground vessel to move from steam to diesel engines, back in the
1930s. They’re based on the internal combustion engine that uses petrol (gasoline) or gas
(natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas) as fuel to power the vehicle. In the early 2020s, a
rapid switch from diesel to electric motors began. They use a rechargeable Lithium-Ion
battery and come with a plethora of smart features we or AI (Artificial Intelligence) can
control via software or firmware. Furthermore, electric cars are gas emission-free, provide
powerful torque, and much more responsive and power-efficient.
Hydrogen-powered engines and fuel economy
Hydrogen-powered cars are another alternative to diesel engines, but they must convert
chemical energy to mechanical energy to work. Additionally, they require 3 times the power
per mile driven than electric cars. What’s more, they emit lots of carbon dioxide while
extracting hydrogen from natural gas. On the other hand, technological advancements in 3D
printing and manufacturing seek to exchange steel and iron in automobiles with lightweight
options: carbon fibers and magnesium-aluminum alloys. According to studies, a weight
reduction of 10% results in fuel economy improvements of over 6%.
Aerial vehicles
Helicopters are pivotal for emergency use in the military, medicine, tourism, meteorology,
and newscasting. They use one or more main rotors that spin horizontally to provide lift and
thrust, allowing them to hover or fly backward, forward, or laterally. Drones are essentially
quad rotorcrafts that vary in size. Military ones are larger, controllable from vast distances,
and fly higher than airplanes. Commercial drones are significantly smaller but also pilotless,
and can be controlled remotely. Aircraft, on the other hand, use jet engines to provide static
lift and gain support from the air. They can carry cargo or personnel for military or civil use,
but can also fly unmanned for experimental or model use.
Rail vehicles
Rail transport was initially dominated by steam-powered engines, then moved to diesel
engines in the early 20th century, and finally to overhead electric wires or batteries.
Additionally, cables or chains can pull rail vehicles, while gas turbines and pneumatics can
power them. Modern technological advancements have also introduced:
Maglev train uses magnetic levitation to travel by levitating above the track with the use of 2
magnets. Because there’s no friction, such trains can reach speeds of 270 mph-370 mph.
Hyperloop transport linear induction or electric propulsion to glide the passenger or freight
compartment along the pneumatic tube. The proposed maximum speed is 750 mph, but
demonstrations only reached half of that.
Watercrafts
Watercraft use buoyancy to traverse bodies of water: canals, rivers, lakes, seas, or oceans.
Ships were one of the first applications of steam engines for transport, back in the 1800s.
Moreover, both ships and submarines were the early adopters of diesel engines, since the
1910s. Besides carrying people, animals, or cargo (non-perishable goods), watercraft can also
have different power sources. They can use bunker fuel, nuclear power, wind power, or even
large pusher fans, like in the case of hovercrafts.
Pipelines
Until recently, we solely utilized pipeline transport technology to carry liquids or gas over
long distances. However, with the introduction of “loop” underground tunneling systems by
Elon Musk’s The Boring Company, a variation of public or private pipeline transport can be
used to also support the movement of humans and animals.
Information technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking and other
physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange
all forms of electronic data. Typically, IT is used in the context of business operations, as
opposed to technology used for personal or entertainment purposes. The commercial use of IT
encompasses both computer technology and telecommunications.
The Harvard Business Review coined the term information technology to make a distinction
between purpose-built machines designed to perform a limited scope of functions, and
general-purpose computing machines that could be programmed for various tasks. As the IT
industry evolved from the mid-20th century, computing capability increased, while device
cost and energy consumption decreased, a cycle that continues today when new technologies
emerge.
The IT department ensures that the organization's systems, networks, data and applications
all connect and function properly. The IT team handles three major areas:
 deploys and maintains business applications, services and infrastructure (servers,

networks, storage);
 monitors, optimizes and troubleshoots the performance of applications, services and
infrastructure; and
 oversees the security and governance of applications, services and infrastructure.
Most IT staff have different responsibilities within the team that break into several key areas
including:
Administration- Administrators handle the day-to-day deployment, operation and

monitoring of an IT environment, including systems, networks and applications. Admins
often perform a range of other duties such as software upgrades, user training, software
license management, procurement, security, data management and observing adherence to
business process and compliance requirements.
Support- Help desk staff specialize in answering questions, gathering information and
directing troubleshooting efforts for hardware and software. IT support often includes IT asset
and change management, helping admins with procurement, handling backup and recovery of
data and applications, monitoring and analyzing logs and other performance monitoring tools
and following established support workflows and processes.
Applications- Businesses rely on software to perform work. Some applications are procured
and deployed from third parties, such as email server applications. But many organizations
retain a staff of skilled developers that create the applications and interfaces -- such as APIs --
needed to deliver critical business capabilities and services. Applications might be coded in a
wide array of popular languages and integrated with other applications to create smooth and
seamless interactions between different applications. Developers might also be tasked with
creating interactive business websites and building mobile applications. The trend toward
agile or continuous development paradigms require developers to be increasingly involved
with IT operations, such as deploying and monitoring applications.
Compliance- Businesses are obligated to observe varied government- and industry-driven

regulatory requirements. IT staff play a major role in securing and monitoring access to
business data and applications to ensure that such resources are used according to established
business governance policy that meets regulatory requirements. Such staff are deeply
involved with security tasks and routinely interact with legal and business teams to prevent,
detect, investigate and report possible breaches.
Communications technology refers to all equipment and programs that are used to process
and communicate information. Professionals in the communication technology field
specialize in the development, installation, and service of these hardware and software
systems. Individuals who enter this field develop an understanding in the conceptions,
production, evaluation, and distribution of communication technology devices.
Malls
A mall or shopping centre is a large building that is full of many smaller shops and stores. It
is different from earlier markets or bazaars because most of the shops are not little booths or
stalls in one big open area. Each store has its own space with walls. Most of their entrances
face a central walking area inside the building.
People visit the stores in the mall to shop.
 Most malls have parking lots (places to park cars).

 Most malls also have roofs so people can shop inside.
 Most malls have a food court. Food courts are areas where people buy food.
 Some malls have movie theatres.
And thus to maintain and entertain large amount of people at the same time, Various types of
different technologies are used in malls for different purposes.
Technology in Malls
Technology in malls are used for many or almost all the purposes,
Some of them are:-
 For Monitoring People or Staff Members

 For Booking Purposes
 For Data Entry Purposes
 For Communication
 For Providing Better Customer Satisfaction
And much more.

Chapter 2
Review of Literature
Definition of Technology
The definition of technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
or applications. Technology uses scientific principles, and applies them to change the
environment in which humans live. Technology can also use scientific principles to advance
industry or other human constructions. Problems exist in the human environment and have for
all of history. The existence of problems is what creates technological advancement; where
there is struggle and tension, there is ingenuity and creativity. From this environment comes
technology: ways in which the human experience is improved by the invention of objects that
solve a problem.
Technology means a lot of things these days.
The word "technology" brings to mind various devices, such as laptops, phones, and tablets.
Technology may also make you think of the internet, data, or advancements in the world of
engineering. This may be a narrow scope though, as technology includes so many creative
solutions to many everyday problems humans have faced all throughout history.
Technologies from around the world have been adopted to aid human life, from the most
basic inventions, to complex systems that function entirely independently from the human
experience. Technology has revolutionized society in countless ways; technology allowed
early humans to grow their own food, navigate the open oceans, tell time, and connect society
on a global scale. The transition from manual to technological methods of solving problems
took place simply because relying on technology makes work easier. This lesson discusses
these advancements in technology, and provides an overview of what technology is.
Technology is the result of accumulated knowledge and application of skills, methods, and
processes used in industrial production and scientific research. Technology is embedded in
the operation of all machines, with or without detailed knowledge of their function, for the
intended purpose of an organization. The technologies of society consist of what is known as
systems. Systems operate by obtaining an input, altering this input through what is known as a
process, and then producing an outcome that achieves the intended purpose of the system.
The earliest and simplest form of technology is the development of knowledge that leads to
the application of basic tools. The prehistoric invention of shaped stone tools and the
discovery of how to control fire increased the sources of food that were available to human
beings. The invention of the wheel led to the travelling technologies that helped humans to
further increase the yield of food production, travel in less time, and exchange information
and raw materials faster. Humanity then progressed to the development of the printing press,
the telephone, the computer, and then the Internet.
Types of Technology
There are 7 types of Technologies that we use today:
 Medical Technology
 Construction Technology
 Agriculture and Bio Technology
 Energy Power Technology
 Manufacturing Technology
 Information and Communication Technology
 Transportation Technology
These 7 types of technologies that we use today are explained below :-
Medical technologies are products, services or solutions used to save and improve people’s
lives.
Medical technologies are with you all the time:
From pregnancy tests to ultrasound scans, medical technology is with you from before you
are born. If you scratched your knee as a child, you wore a plaster; if your vision blurs, you
got glasses.
When you are unwell, diagnostics and medical devices help healthcare professionals restore
you to good health as quickly as possible.
Should you need surgery, medical technologies will ensure you get the care you need in a way
that is safe and minimally invasive; if your blood vessels become blocked, stents can help
clear the way; if you are seriously ill, an MRI scan can find the cause; if you require
monitoring, digital health tools can check your health status and communicate vital data to
health professionals.
Medical technologies - at every phase of the patient pathway :
In its many forms, medical technology is beneficial to the health and quality of life.
It offers:
• Prevention
Medical technology can support in preventing disease, injury or other conditions, for example
through early detection tools.
• Diagnosis
In vitro diagnostics test results help identify a specific condition, its development and
treatment selection.
• Monitoring
Medical technology supports patients in checking the status of a disease or chronic condition.
• Treatment
Medical technology help patients overcome injuries and diseases or treating chronic illnesses.
• Care
Medical technology is found across the whole care pathway, it accelerates recovery and keeps
people healthy.
Medical devices are used in many diverse settings, for example, by laypersons at home, by
paramedical staff and clinicians in remote clinics, by opticians and dentists and by health-care
professionals in advanced medical facilities, for prevention and screening and in palliative
care.
By definition, construction technology is the “collection of innovative tools, machinery,

modifications, software, etc. used during the construction phase of a project”. The whole
purpose of construction technology is to help push the industry forward, to drive advancement
and innovation, and increase efficiency.
Sometimes referred to as “con tech”, construction technology is actually seen as its own
independent category of technology. In general technology is broken down into major
categories: manufacturing, medical, energy, transportation, agriculture and construction. The
fact that construction tech is its own category highlights just how valuable and unique of a
sector it is.
Modern construction equipment is as much a part of construction technology as blockchain,

drones or fleet management systems.
Since construction tech is defined as “innovative tools, machinery, software… used during the
construction phase of a project”, machine-powered equipment can be viewed as construction
tech just as much as GPS or fleet management software is. The changes that occurred in the
industry during the industrial revolution were a major milestone. There’s no way that the
industry would be where it is today without it. It’s important to remember how much
advancement has happened in the industry between the 19th century and the internet and tech
boom in the 90s and into the modern 21st century. It’s a big piece in construction history and
should not be undervalued.
The real value of construction tech is that it empowers employees and employers to make
smart choices that make them more productive and safer. On top of this, it is helping the
industry address larger challenges, such as labour shortages, which are more complicated and
difficult to address. A single person or company is not capable of addressing these larger
challenges on their own. Technology is a key way to address these challenges and to adapt to
the future.
New technology will not only help to address roadblocks the industry is facing but will also
help to bring future contractors, engineers, inventors and tech minds to the industry. Li
Kequiang once said, “Changes call for innovation and innovation leads to progress.”
By embracing construction technology, staying in touch with trends and welcoming progress,
the construction industry will continue to blossom into the future.
The term “agricultural technology” means machinery and other equipment engineered for an
applicable and novel use in agriculture, natural resources, and food relating to the research
and development of qualified products and projects.
An example of agricultural technology is satellite imaging that allows farmers to track the
conditions of their crops without visiting a certain location or precision agriculture that
provides more accurate methods necessary for seeding and growing crops. Also, advanced AI
and devices supported by it can provide more specific data and automate monitoring
completely. There are many use cases for today’s wide range of farming innovations.
Some of the new technologies used in agriculture are:-
• Drones and Satellite Imaging
• Precision Farming
• Farm Automation
• Soil and Water Sensors
• Weather Tracking
• Technology of Mini-Chromosomes
• Artificial Intelligence
• Blockchain
Agricultural biotechnology is a range of tools, including traditional breeding techniques,

that alter living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make or modify products; improve plants
or animals; or develop microorganisms for specific agricultural uses.
Modern biotechnology today includes the tools of genetic engineering.
Biotechnology provides farmers with tools that can make production cheaper and more
manageable. For example, some biotechnology crops can be engineered to tolerate specific
herbicides, which make weed control simpler and more efficient. Other crops have been
engineered to be resistant to specific plant diseases and insect pests, which can make pest
control more reliable and effective, and/or can decrease the use of synthetic pesticides. These
crop production options can help countries keep pace with demands for food while reducing
production costs. A number of biotechnology-derived crops that have been deregulated by the
USDA and reviewed for food safety by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been adopted by growers.
Genetically engineered plants are also being developed for a purpose known as
phytoremediation in which the plants detoxify pollutants in the soil or absorb and accumulate
polluting substances out of the soil so that the plants may be harvested and disposed of safely.
In either case the result is improved soil quality at a polluted site. Biotechnology may also be
used to conserve natural resources, enable animals to more effectively use nutrients present in
feed, decrease nutrient runoff into rivers and bays, and help meet the increasing world food
and land demands. Researchers are at work to produce hardier crops that will flourish in even
the harshest environments and that will require less fuel, labor, fertilizer, and water, helping to
decrease the pressures on land and wildlife habitats.
In addition to genetically engineered crops, biotechnology has helped make other
improvements in agriculture not involving plants. Examples of such advances include making
antibiotic production more efficient through microbial fermentation and producing new
animal vaccines through genetic engineering for diseases such as foot and mouth disease and
rabies.
4. Energy and Power Technology
Energy technology innovation can broadly be defined as processes that improve existing
technologies or create new ones and assist in technology transfer from the laboratory to
commercial widespread use.
Energy technology is an interdisciplinary engineering science having to do with the efficient,

safe, environmentally friendly and economical extraction, conversion, transportation, storage
and use of energy, targeted towards yielding high efficiency whilst skirting side effects on
humans, nature and the environment.
The processes used to create energy. They increasingly are focused on micropower, where
individual companies are creating their own power plants for their own use.
Power Technology is the study of how we are affected by Power/Energy/Transportation and

the importance these areas have to the world, the economy, our community and our families.
Students learn about terms related to Power Technology, what our primary energy sources are
and where they come from. They learn about the effect of energy use on the environment and
what we can do to make a positive impact. The class also investigates possible future energy
sources such as wind, solar, biomass, alternative fuels, etc.
Beyond the academic component of the class, students also are involved in an activity/project.
Typical activities are balloon powered vehicles, rubber band cars or a vehicle safety test
where a model car is crashed into a barrier to see if the passenger (a raw egg) can survive.
Students with continued interest in the areas of Power, Energy and Transportation can pursue
these topics by taking the 'Technology Education' major class in ninth grade. Students may
also take both basic and advanced Power Technology classes when they reach the high
school.
The Power Technology program gives all students a valuable experience in a serious topic
that affects the whole world. It is also a great subject for students who wish to go on to a
career in energy, engineering, transportation, etc.
The term “manufacturing technology” means techniques and processes designed to improve
manufacturing quality, productivity, and practices, including quality control, shop floor
management, inventory management, and worker training, as well as manufacturing
equipment and software.
Manufacturing technology is a term that can refer to a number of modern methods of science,
production, and engineering that assist in industrial production and various manufacturing
processes.
There are many modern manufacturing technologies, most of them specifically relevant to
‘Industry 4.0’, the name given to the fourth industrial revolution, associated with automation,
data exchange, digital technology, artificial intelligence and machine learning, and the
‘Internet of Things’. Therefore, a lot of the manufacturing technologies innovating production
and industry are also relevant to this fourth wave of technological advancement.
Examples :
Smart Factories
Smart factories are environments that are highly digitised for manufacturing to take place
more efficiently through connected systems. Through innovative manufacturing technology,
machines and systems can, through automation and self-optimisation, learn and adapt to
situations with increased productivity. Facilities in France, Ireland, China, and the Czech
Republic were named the most productive and powerful smart factories in the world by the
World Economic Forum in 2019. Able to produce goods on a large scale, smart factories are
useful not just for manufacturing jobs but also for processes like planning, supply chain
logistics, and product development.
Cyber-Physical Systems
Cyber-physical systems are those which integrate computer, networking, and physical
processes, in which embedded computing technologies control and monitor processes in real
time. The combination of cyber and physical industries is crucial to this manufacturing
technology; the computer system monitors the process and identifies areas where change is
required, and the physical system reacts accordingly. Cyber-physical systems are often
considered one of the main advancements of Industry 4.0.
Additive Manufacturing
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a computer controlled process in which

three-dimensional objects can be created by materials deposited in layers. Using computer
aided design (CAD) or 3D object scanners, components, parts, or any other object can be
made without the use of machining or any other techniques, and therefore less surplus
material.
Big Data
Today data is collected constantly in systems, sensors, and commonplace electronic items like
mobile devices, and the amount of data to be stored is growing every day. ‘Big data’, a
collection of global data from various sources, can be a useful component in manufacturing
technology. Industry is in the process of developing methods to interpret and analyse data to
use in production. These potential productive uses include risk management, manufacturing
products to a customer’s specific tastes or order, improving quality, tracking production, and
logistics, amongst others.
Augmented Reality
Augmented reality (AR) technology displays digital content in the real world, allowing
visualisation of products or superimposing data or plans onto physical components and
machinery. In manufacturing, AR could be used to overlay text, statistics, such as showing the
running temperate of a piece of equipment without touching it, or virtual health and safety
training without requiring an individual to involve themselves in something potentially
harmful. Augmented reality glasses are predicted to reach around 19.1 million units by 2021,
and when combined with virtual reality devices, could hit 59.2 million units.
Numerical Control
Machining tools or items used in manufacture, such as 3D printers, can be regulated and
controlled remotely using CNC – computer numerical control. A CNC machine processes a
piece of material to key specifications, following a coded programmed instruction and
without the need for a manual operator. Modern CNC systems, through high tech computer
programming, allows the design and manufacture of a mechanical part to be highly
automated. Processes like laser cutting and additive manufacturing rely on numerical control
to efficiently and remotely create products.
Information technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking and other
physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange
all forms of electronic data. Typically, IT is used in the context of business operations, as
opposed to technology used for personal or entertainment purposes. The commercial use of IT
encompasses both computer technology and telecommunications.
The Harvard Business Review coined the term information technology to make a distinction
between purpose-built machines designed to perform a limited scope of functions, and
general-purpose computing machines that could be programmed for various tasks. As the IT
industry evolved from the mid-20th century, computing capability increased, while device
cost and energy consumption decreased, a cycle that continues today when new technologies
emerge.
The IT department ensures that the organization's systems, networks, data and applications
all connect and function properly. The IT team handles three major areas:
1. Deploys and maintains business applications, services and infrastructure (servers, networks,
storage);
2. Monitors, optimizes and troubleshoots the performance of applications, services and

infrastructure; and
3. Oversees the security and governance of applications, services and infrastructure.

Most IT staff have different responsibilities within the team that break into several key areas
including:
• Administration- Administrators handle the day-to-day deployment, operation and

monitoring of an IT environment, including systems, networks and applications. Admins
often perform a range of other duties such as software upgrades, user training, software
license management, procurement, security, data management and observing adherence to
business process and compliance requirements.
• Support- Help desk staff specialize in answering questions, gathering information and
directing troubleshooting efforts for hardware and software. IT support often includes IT asset
and change management, helping admins with procurement, handling backup and recovery of
data and applications, monitoring and analyzing logs and other performance monitoring tools
and following established support workflows and processes.
• Applications- Businesses rely on software to perform work. Some applications are

procured and deployed from third parties, such as email server applications. But many
organizations retain a staff of skilled developers that create the applications and interfaces --
such as APIs -- needed to deliver critical business capabilities and services. Applications
might be coded in a wide array of popular languages and integrated with other applications to
create smooth and seamless interactions between different applications. Developers might
also be tasked with creating interactive business websites and building mobile applications.
The trend toward agile or continuous development paradigms require developers to be
increasingly involved with IT operations, such as deploying and monitoring applications.
• Compliance- Businesses are obligated to observe varied government- and industry-

driven regulatory requirements. IT staff play a major role in securing and monitoring access
to business data and applications to ensure that such resources are used according to
established business governance policy that meets regulatory requirements. Such staff are
deeply involved with security tasks and routinely interact with legal and business teams to
prevent, detect, investigate and report possible breaches.
Communications technology refers to all equipment and programs that are used to process
and communicate information. Professionals in the communication technology field
specialize in the development, installation, and service of these hardware and software
systems. Individuals who enter this field develop an understanding in the conceptions,
production, evaluation, and distribution of communication technology devices.
Purpose of Technology
Some people think technology has a negative impact on society. They believe it is degrading
the ways in which we communicate, making us less social and more dependent on machines
to do things for us. Others see it as an opportunity to be creative and productive. It’s up to you
to decide what your stance will be on technology – but before you can make that decision,
here are some things you need to know about it so that you can form an opinion.
Here are some pros of using technology:
(a) It provides access to all kinds of information at any time.
(b) Helps with communicating with others through email, texting or social media.
(c) Allows people without disabilities or disadvantages access to resources they wouldn’t
normally have access too.
(d) Encourages creativity.
Benefits of Technology
 Benefits of new technology include:

 easier, faster and more effective communication
 better, more efficient manufacturing techniques
 less wastage
 more efficient stock management and ordering systems
 the ability to develop new, innovative approaches
 more effective marketing and promotion
 new sales avenues
Examples of Technology
Technology is an ever-changing field with new inventions being created every day. Below
down are some 5 example of Technology.
1) The Internet
The internet is a series of interconnected computer networks that use telecommunications

devices to transmit data over long distances.
2) Smartphones
Smartphones are mobile phones that can perform many different functions including, but not
limited to, web browsing, playing games and videos, taking pictures and sending text
messages. They include features like touchscreens or keypads for navigation and voice
recognition software for answering calls without having to press any buttons.
3) Television
Televisions are electronic visual displays used primarily in homes for entertainment purposes
which broadcast images from TV shows through antennae onto the screens.
4) GPS
A Global Positioning System is a navigation system that uses satellites in space to determine
your position on Earth and show you directions to any location.
5) Satellite
A satellite is an object that orbits the Earth or another body. The first satellites were launched
in 1957. They are used for various purposes, including communications and navigation.
Malls
A mall or shopping centre is a large building that is full of many smaller shops and stores. It
is different from earlier markets or bazaars because most of the shops are not little booths or
stalls in one big open area.
Each store has its own space with walls.
 Most of their entrances face a central walking area inside the building.
 People visit the stores in the mall to shop.
 Most malls have parking lots (places to park cars).
 Most malls also have roofs so people can shop inside.
 Most malls have a food court. Food courts are areas where people buy food.
 Some malls have movie theatres.
And thus to maintain and entertain large amount of people at the same time, Various types of
different technologies are used in malls for different purposes.
Technology in Malls
Technology in malls are used for many or almost all the purposes,
Some of them are:-
 Internet of Things
 Facial Recognition
 Autonomous Delivery Robots and Store Assistants
 Cashierless Stores
 Augmented Shopping
 Voice Commerce
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
A better explanation of all these above mentioned technologies is stated below –
Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of literally billions of physical devices

communicating with each other and sharing data. IoT has massive potential for the retail
industry, providing a way to create even more engaging and innovative shopping experiences
– one of the reasons why Juniper Research predicted retail spending on IoT technologies
would reach US$2.5 billion by 2020.
In fact, IoT is already being put to good use in many areas. One of these applications is
beacons – small wireless devices powered by Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) that transmit a
continuous signal. Smartphones are able to pick up on the signal, which they pass into a cloud
server. The cloud server can then push out targeted content to a specific smartphone.
Microlocation can even drill down to particular aisles within a single store. The potential for
data gathering is simply immense, allowing more granular customer segmentation and
personalization than ever before.
Another practical application of this technology comes in the form of RFID tags. These smart
barcodes give you total visibility for products all the way through the purchasing process.
Athletic apparel supplier Lululemon uses RFID tags to update and keep track of inventory
levels in stores all over the world, improving inventory accuracy to 98 percent.
Facial Recognition
Identifying customers at the point of sale – by using loyalty cards, for example – is no longer
good enough for retailers. They want to know who the people in-store are before they buy so
they can deliver a personalized shopping experience. Yet, most stores don’t have the luxury of
recognizing every single face that comes through the door.
This is where facial recognition software can step into the breach, scanning thousands of
reference points across a person's face to identify their unique ‘face-print’ (much like we all
have our own unique fingerprints).
Identifying customers this way gives your staff visibility into the types of products customers
might purchase, and how much they are likely to spend – so they can roll out the VIP
treatment for those high value shoppers.
Facial recognition technology can even help your sales staff better respond to customers’
needs, deciphering any changes in your customers’ emotion and then notifying your staff so
they can attend to distressed or confused shoppers right away.
Shoppers could sign themselves up to the scheme and use their smartphone to perform the
facial scan, or potentially even visit a dedicated booth in-store. Whatever the mechanism, it’s
vital retailers retain trust by placing shoppers in control of the experience.
Autonomous Delivery Robots and Store Assistants
Sci-fi has long painted a picture of a world where robots are commonplace in our daily
interactions. That vision has never really become a reality. But, in retail at least, that might be
about to change.
According to Boston Consulting Group (BCG), the global robotics market is estimated to
reach USD 87 Billion by 2025 – more than half is likely to go to the retail market. The size of
the global customer service robots market, meanwhile, is projected to increase from the
estimated US$53.77 million in 2016 to US$87.97 million by the end of 2022, according to
market intelligence firm Tractica.
Imagine robotic store assistants, with built-in 3D scanners that help them recognize products
and even lead your customers to products by navigating through the store. What happens if
the customer has a question the robot can’t answer? No problem. The robot simply starts up a
video conference with a human staff member who can assist them as required.
Robots can also be used in the supply chain – checking stock, identifying errors in pricing,
and locating misplaced items, for example. The data they gather helps to improve the
customer experience by optimizing store layouts and processes.
Robotics has already transformed Distribution Center (DC) operations, with retail giant
Amazon reportedly using more than 100,000 robots to move stock around warehouses and
group items for order fulfillment, leading to a 20 percent drop in operating costs. Now,
technological advancements in the retail industry are starting to robotize last-mile delivery,
too. Amazon has famously been trialing drones in preparation of launching an Amazon Prime
Air, a service that promises to get items from order to delivery in 30 minutes or less –
provided they are under 5 pounds in weight that is.
Cashierless Stores
The idea of queue-busting cashierless stores has been given extra impetus by social distancing
measures imposed on the back of COVID-19. One survey looking at shifts in shopping habits
due to the pandemic found that 87 percent of customers would likely choose stores with
contactless or self-checkout options.
The ability for customers to simply walk out of the store with their items being scanned
automatically and the total debited from their account will likely soon become widespread.
Amazon originally pioneered this approach through the Just Walk Out system, put into
practice through Amazon Go stores.
Taking this approach even further, it’s also possible to develop an almost entirely touch-free
shopping system. With COVID-19 concerns likely to stick around for a while, we may start to
see customers scanning barcodes and QR codes, not only to pay for products, but to receive
information about those products right into their smartphones, too. This will both cut down on
direct product handling and address sustainability and accountability concerns by being more
transparent around production methods.
Augmented Shopping
Perhaps the flagship technology for creating a phygital future comes in the form of AR/VR.
And, it seems customers are on board with it. According to one report, nearly two-thirds (61
percent) of U.S adults surveyed said that augmented reality has influenced where they shop.
COVID-19 measures have played a huge role in increasing the demand for AR systems,
allowing customers to adopt a “try-before-you-buy” approach in absentia, and helping
replicate, and even build on, the in-store experience online.
Ikea, for example, created the “Ikea’s Place” app, allowing shoppers to access 3,200 items
from Ikea’s inventory via a live view function on their smartphone, and use AR functionality
to see how specific items would look, positioning them virtually within rooms in their home,
before committing to purchase.
AR promises to radically change the in-store experience, too. In fashion retail, smart mirrors
will bring previously unthinkable levels of interactivity. Customers won’t even need to get
undressed to try out a whole new wardrobe, with virtual changing rooms allowing them to
superimpose items and outfits and gather the opinions of friends by sharing images to social
media.
Voice Commerce
Ever since Apple’s Siri came on the scene, voice assistant technology has exploded in
popularity, and has now even started to break free of smartphones and spread into other
devices. One survey showed that 60 million people now have at least one smart speaker
system at home. For many, product research, price comparison, and now even product
purchases, are all just a few utterances away.
Walmart has capitalized on this development by creating the Walmart Voice Ordering
service. Customers can use any device powered by Google Assistant or Siri to add products to
the cart. Shoppers simply need to say “Hey Siri/Google, add to Walmart” and name the
product. The items are then packed and delivered by the customer’s chosen method.
7-Eleven Inc. also launched a voice ordering within its 7NOW Delivery app. Customers can
open a 7NOW app by saying “Hey, Alexa! / OK, Google! Open 7NOW.”, and similarly place
goods into their basket purely using voice commands. Once it’s paid for, the shopping is
delivered to customers within 30 minutes.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
It’s impossible to talk about technological advancements in the retail industry without
bringing artificial intelligence into the conversation. And rightly so. AI powers so much of the
change happening in the retail sector. In fact, Servion Global Solutions has predicted that by
2025, 95 percent of customer interactions will be powered by AI.
Perhaps the most common way shoppers encounter AI at the moment is through product
recommendations – something we have almost come to take for granted. Now, AI technology
is driving further change by allowing other technologies to reach their full potential. Scan-
and-go shopping, facial recognition, and so many other advancements all rely on AI.
Technology is at the very heart of the future of retail. And, as this technology continues to
push the boundaries of what’s possible, shoppers’ expectations rise in tandem. They want
retailers to deliver the kind of ground-breaking, phygital, and personalized experiences that
make them say wow. Do that and you’ll be more likely to stay relevant well into the future.
How Smart Shopping Mall Experience can be made?
Around the world, shopping malls are evolving from places where people go to buy clothes
and groceries, into spaces where people can come together to socialize and enjoy new
experiences. Shopping centers have expanded and changed their layout to accommodate new
activities, such as special events, concerts, gaming, interactive exhibits and so much more.
Phygital, a contraction of “physical” and “digital”, refers to all marketing strategies or retail
experience that apply the methods of digital, dematerialized to a physical store. Phygital aims
to combine the best aspects of digital and physical commerce to create the ideal integrated
experience for the consumer and new opportunities for retailers and marketers.
Innovation is constantly expanding; new technologies are more present in our daily lives.
Retailers must take this technological shift into account and adapt to offer new experiences in
line with modern times. The phygital combines the power of digital and the visibility of
physical. Touch screens for customers, tablets for sales staff, digital is already present in
shopping centers. However, it can be further developed to create new experiences.
These ever-changing landscapes require better tools to help visitors get the most out of their
visits. From touch screen platforms to augmented reality, there are many touch points which
benefit both visitors and retailers.
If you’re looking for new ways to enhance your visitor experience, here are the must-have
features your mall needs to become a smart one.
Easy Access
Giving visitors simple and quick access to information is the number one priority to having a
successful smart mall. First and foremost, you should provide visitors with smart access to
maps and information on every device and system. Your systems need to work with what
your visitors have to hand, and not the opposite way around.
For example, by providing access to interactive maps through all devices, you’ll be able to
give your customers the best shopping experience possible. They’ll be able to locate their
favorite stores, see what time they open, find the nearest restrooms, have access to parking
assistance and more with just a few clicks. The navigation system can also provide shoppers
with mobility issues with alternative routes and other useful information.
Smart Mobile App
The next option is to offer a custom app with all the relevant information for shoppers. This
goes beyond helping them to get around. You can show them upcoming and future events,
special offers, and keep them up to date on everything that’s going on with their favorite
stores. You can also provide your customers with opening hours, the possibility to reserve a
table in any restaurant, or even book an appointment in a beauty salon. A smart mobile app
brings value to retailers as well. They can not only add value to their existing customer base,
but they can use the app to attract new ones. They can also coordinate activities such as
special sales or promotions, all without having to invest in a new way to reach mall visitors.
Digital Kiosk on Site
Touch screen maps and guides have become commonplace in many shopping centers over the
last five to ten years, but you might be surprised at how much the technology has evolved
since then. Shopping malls and retailers are replacing the traditional map kiosk with
interactive kiosk technology and improving the customer experience in the process. By
installing touch screen platforms visitors will have the possibility to find any store with just a
few clicks, learn about opening stores, access an interactive gamified experience (to collect
data) and reward with vouchers or coupons, and also to see widgets like weather, traffic or
local news. For the digital marketing manager or the landlord of the shopping center, it is
another way to monetize assets and promote their tenants with offers, deals, sponsorships, and
adverts.
The smart kiosk is a good place to promote the browser-based shopping center map. Visitors
can access the map through QR code scanning, without the need to install a mobile app. For
some people, this is an advantage because they do not want to download the official
application to avoid being tracked.
Proximity Marketing
Using location-based technologies, Bluetooth beacons and Wi-Fi, shopping centers can
easily locate customers and send them personalized notifications in their app based on their
geographical location, making the shopping experience unique. For instance, the shopping
center app connected with a beacon could detect a consumer stopping at a coffee shop and
send out a few minutes later a new coffee product the shop has launched that might interest
them.
Proximity technology benefits retailers and service providers as well. In addition to sending
out messages, proximity technology can retrieve information about the mall shoppers and
their shopping habits, such as their preference for specific stores, the duration of their stay in
the mall, the time of their visit, or their interest in specific events. This allows shopping mall
owners to combine data such as customer preferences with geographic information, which
gives owners the opportunity to send relevant messages in real time to their customers. The
buyer’s experience becomes highly personalized.
Ecommerce – When online meets offline
For shopping malls looking to reduce loss of customers to online options, combining online
and offline commerce is a logical next step. One way is to allow customers to try out and
buy in store and have their purchases delivered to their doorstep, letting them continue
shopping without having to fuss around with heavy groceries or big shopping bags. Not only
will this benefit customers, but also retailers as they can save on storage space and optimize
their in-store layout. This can also eliminate the need to carry a large stock at each location.
As people are more and more in a hurry, click and collect is an interesting option: shoppers
can order online and came to the store to pick up their order. This is yet another opportunity
for the store to try and convince their customer to purchase other products on the spot.
Book Online and try in store: if online catalogs are exhaustive, they still don’t allow to test
or try the products in real time. For that, more and more retailers propose to be able to
reserve the piece online to be able to come and try it in store.
Interactive Data Visualization
In shopping centers, data is golden. However, making heads or tails of it is often the
challenge. Shopping centers are addressing this issue by implementing a visual system of
representing data in charts and visual graphs overlaid on indoor maps. This allows them to
predict performance results and identify areas to monitor much faster than with ordinary
static reports.
Augmented and Virtual Reality
Technology like Augmented Reality can be used to improve the consumer’s in-store
experience, to promote a product or to create brand awareness inside a shopping mall.
Virtual reality also is finding a place within the shopping experience by allowing display
providers to move away from traditional designs. Shopping centers and retailers alike will be
able to evolve the way they create their displays, stretching the traditional cost and time
constraints by using virtual and augmented reality to push their offering in a new direction.
Indeed, it presents a perfect opportunity to delve into something ultra-contemporary and
creatively challenging.
Chapter 3
Research and Methodology
Concept of Research Methodology
Research Methodology:-
Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select,
process, and analyze information about a topic. It is an investigation of finding solutions to
scientific and social problems through objective and systematic analysis. It is a search for
knowledge, that is, a discovery of hidden truths. Here knowledge means information about
matters. The information might be collected from different sources like experience, human
beings, books, journals, nature, etc. A research can lead to new contributions to the existing
knowledge. Only through research is it possible to make progress in a field. Research is
indeed civilization and determines the economic, social and political development of a nation.
Research is not confined to science and technology only. There are vast areas of research in
other disciplines such as languages, literature, history and sociology. Whatever might be the
subject, research has to be an active, diligent and systematic process of inquiry in order to
discover, interpret or revise facts, events, behaviours and theories. Marketing research is the
process of systematic design, collection of data, analysis and reporting of data to specific
marketing situation which an organization faces. It is an activity which is done by
organization for accomplishment of a particular objective. Through this activity an
organization find the specific reason of the problem which organization face. Marketing
research got a vital role in decision making process by making available right information, at
the right time, and to the right person who involves indecision making process. Thus it is the
basic tool of marketing mix elements, like product, place, price and promotion. The research
methodology is considered as a major part of the study that is being conducted. It determines
the strength, reliability and accuracy of the project. Methodology will be considered as the
methods used in research is selecting sample, sample size, data collection and various tools
for data analysis. The global community. Other proactive measures can be taken to encourage
the uptake of evidence-based interventions.
Importance and Types of Research Methodology

Importance of Research Methodology:
In Research Study It is necessary for a researcher to design a methodology for the problem
chosen. One should note that even if the methods considered in two problems are same the
methodology may be different. It is important for the researcher to know not only the research
methods necessary for the research undertaken but also the methodology. For example, a
researcher not only needs to know how to calculate mean, variance and distribution function
for a set of data, how to find a solution of a physical system described by mathematical
model, how to determine the roots of algebraic equations and how to apply a particular
method but also need to know
(i) Which is a suitable method for the chosen problem?
(ii) What is the order of accuracy of the result of a method?
(iii) What is the efficiency of the method?
Consideration of these aspects constitute to research methodology.
The study of research methods gives training to apply them to a problem. The study of
research methodology provides us the necessary training in choosing methods, materials,
scientific tools and training in techniques relevant for the problem chosen. The purpose of
research is to inform action. Thus, your study should seek to contextualize its findings within
the larger body of research. Research must always be of high quality in order to produce
knowledge that is applicable outside of the research setting. Furthermore, the results of your
study may have implications for policy and future project implementation.
One problem that often plagues progress in global health is the slow translation of research
into practice. Often, disconnect exists between those who conduct research and those who are
positioned to implement the research findings. The underlying problem is that “the production
of evidence is organized institutionally with highly centralized mechanisms, whereas the
application of that science is highly decentralized. This social distance prevails because
scientists are more oriented to the international audiences of other scientists for which they
publish than to the needs of practitioners, policy makers or the local public. Thus, as
researchers, it is imperative to take steps to overcome this barrier. Publishing your study may
be one initial step to make your research known to the global community. Other proactive
measures can be taken to encourage the uptake of evidence-based interventions. For example,
you can present your research findings at various venues, such as Unite for Sight’s Global
Health and Innovation Conference. Furthermore, you can send the results of your study to
local officials, policy-makers, and community leaders.
Types of Research Methodology

Research methodology is considered as the nerve of the project. Without a well-organized
research plan it is impossible to complete the project and reach any conclusion. Methodology
means "the analysis of the principles of methods, rules and postulates employed by a
discipline"
Therefore research methodology is the way to systematically solve the research problem.
Research methodology does not only talk about the method but also about the logic behind
the methods used in the context of the research study and explains why a particular method
has been used in the preference of the other method. After the research problem we have to
find out which type of data is to be researched. At this stage we have to do field survey to
gather data. One of the important tools of making a project is the availability of useful and
adequate data.
Methodology is a documented process for management of projects that contains procedures,

definitions and explanations of techniques used to collect, store, analyze and present
information as part of a research process in a given discipline. Methodology may be a
description of process, or may be expanded to include a philosophically coherent collection of
theories, concepts or ideas as they relate to a particular discipline or field of inquiry.
1. Primary Data
Tools and techniques of primary data
We collected the primary data by following tools and techniques:-
1. Interview
2. Observation
3. Behaviour
Interview Method:-
We used this method for our collection of data. In this method we asked questions to the
managers and our guide. We asked questions regarding different departments of company’s
production, Human resource, Marketing, finance, exports, generally about the whole process
of the company in production of goods etc.
We asked descriptive type questions to concerned persons and I think we have got good
response which is very helpful to us in our future.
Behavioural Data:-
We observed the co-ordination between employees of different levels and departments. The
behaviour of the concerned people who were guiding us was appreciable. And their nature
was helping too.
Observation Method:-
Using the observation method we collected data during our visit. During the visit we observed
the plant, production process, plant layout, machinery used for production etc.
We observed the co-ordination between employees of different levels and departments. We

observed their Industrial Culture.
2. Secondary data
Secondary data is the data that have been already collected by and readily available from
other sources. Such data are cheaper and more quickly obtainable than the primary data and
also may be available when primary data cannot be obtained at all. Common sources of
secondary data for social science include censuses, surveys, organizational records and data
collected through qualitative methodologies or qualitative research. Secondary data analysis
saves time that would otherwise be spent collecting data and, particularly in the case of
quantitative data, provides larger and higher-quality databases than would be unfeasible for
any individual researcher to collect on their own. In addition to that, analysts of social and
economic change consider secondary data essential, since it is impossible to conduct a new
survey that can adequately capture past change and or developments. Tools and Techniques of
secondary data While primary data can be collected through questionnaires, in depth
interview, focus group interviews, case studies, experimentation and observation; these
condary data can be obtained through Internal Sources of Data.
Objective Of Research
 To know about what is Technology and impact of Technology on malls.
 To understand how technology works in Malls.
 To understand whether using technology in retail business is beneficial or not.
 To gather knowledge on different types of technologies used in malls.
Scope of the Study

This study comprises of in-depth coverage of Technology and how technology affect our
society. However this study is limited to the extent that it is only related to the study of
history of technology, evolution of technology through various generations and how it has
affected our society.
This study does not focus on the wide spectrum impact of technology which it has on our
social lives and businesses. There is no doubt in saying that technology is changing our view
of living but side by side it has some side effects or we can say bad effects especially on our
children and society and it can’t be neglected.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: -
 Proper training is required

 Data theft is possible
 Some technology is very complicated which makes it difficult to operate and thus can
ruin the customer experience.
 Customer privacy may be at risk.
 Electrical outage may cause a problem.
DATA ANALYSIS
AND
INTERPRETATION
Chapter 4
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Q1) Is true to say that technology helps in providing smooth experience to the
customers?
S NO. Particular Respondent Percentage

1 Yes 100 100%
2 No 0 0%
3 Total 100 100%
No
0%
Yes
No
Yes
100%
INTERPRETATION:
The above table represent that the 100% of respondent says that the technology helps in
providing a smooth experience to the customer.
Q2. How often do people visit malls ?
Total Once a Once a week Several times Everyday Several Time

month or less a week in a day
100 10 15 20 25 30
35
30
25
20
Series1
15
10
0
Once a Once a Several Every day Several
month or week time a time a day
less week
INTERPRETATION:
The above table represented that out of 100 customers ,10% of the customers visit the mall
once a month or less, 15% of the customers visit the mall once a week, 20% of the customers
visit the mall several times a week,25% of customers visit the mall everyday and 30% of the
customers visit the mall several times a week.
Q3 Do you have a certain mall that you can visit regularly ?
Total Yes No
100 60 40
40
Yes
No
60
INTERPRETATION:
The above table represent that 60% of the customers have a certain mall which they visit
regularly and 40% of the customers do not have a certain mall to go to regularly.
Q4. Are you satisfied with the technologies used in malls?
SNO. PARTICULAR RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

1. Yes 90 90%
2. No 10 10%
3. Total 100 100%
Technology used in malls

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30 Yes NO
AXIS TITLE
20
10
Requirement Policy
0
INTERPRETATION:
The above table represent that 90% of the customers are satisfied with the use of technology
in malls, 10% of the customers are not satisfied with the use of technology in malls.
Q5) According to you understanding the use of technology is?

1. Simple 10 10%
2. Series of Hurdle 20 20%
3. Series of Steps 70 70%
4. Total 100 100%
Column1
10%
20%
70 %
Sample
Series of hurdle
Series of steps
70%
INTERPRETATION:
The above table represent that the 10% of people thinks that understanding the use of
technology is simple, 20% series of hurdle, and 70% of series of step in understanding the
use of technology.
Q6 Through which source, the type of technology is determined for providing a suitable
shopping environment?

1. Internally 20 20%
2. Externally 60 60%
3. Both 20 20%
4. Total 100 100%
Sources of T e c h n o l o g y
20% 20%
60%
Internally Externally Both
INERPRETATION:-
20% people said that the mall determines the criteria from the internal sources.
60% people said that the mall determines the criteria from the external sources.
20% people said that the mall determines the criteria from the both sources.
Q7. Why Technology is needed in malls?

1. Turnover of Business 15 15%
2. Increase in 10 10%
Productivity
3. New Projects 65 65%
4. Other Reasons 10 10%
5. Total 100 100%
Need of Technology
70
60
50
40
1 2 3 4
30 AXIS TITLE
20 Need of Requirement
INTERPRETATION:
10
The above0 table represent that 15% of the respondent are turnover of business & 10% of the
use of technology is needed in the malls to increase the productivity, 65% of the respondent
stated its because of the new projects, 10% of the respondents are the other resources.
Q8. According to you, which department should be given more importance while
deciding for new technological advancements?

1. Technical 15 15%
2. Communication 25 25%
3. Customer Experience 10 10%
4. All of the above 50 50%
5. Total 100 100%
Important factor while promoting
50
45
40
35
30
25
20 1 2 3 4
Axis Title
15
10
5 Important factor while recruiting

INTERPRETATION:
0
The above table represent that 15% of the respondent said technical department, 25% of the
respondent said communication department,10% of the respondent said customer experience
& 50% of the respondent said all the above.
Conclusion &
Suggestion
Chapter 5
Conclusion & Suggestion
Findings
 Technology used in malls is of various types.
 The cost for the installation of the technology is high.
 Technology serves a big role in making the malls profitable.
 Use of technology also helps in providing good working environment.
 Technology provides better customer experience.
Suggestions
 Technology is changing so the malls should update new technologies in the market to
maximize quality experience and efficient working.
 The malls can utilize the previous generation technology to reduce the overall owning
cost of the technology.
 More attractive advertisements should be given through the Media.
 Introduce new skillful workers .

 Monthly entertainment programs for employees must be arranged to avoid
absenteeism.
 The management must take sufficient step to install a grievance settlement machinery
with sufficient participation of workers.
 Improve knowledge of technology among workers.
 The time period which was allocated to complete this file was short. I think if a slightly
more period of time was provided this project report can be even better.
Conclusion
Technology in the retailing industry has provided a new dimension. The introduction of point
of sale equipment, bar codes and huge storage capacity for billing and payment database has
facilitated the management of large set-ups with ease. Operations can be recorded in a
structured and systematic manner, providing detailed analysis of the sales and volume of
transactions. Electronic transactions have increased the volume of sales in the country.
Flexibility in the mode of payment and cashless transactions has helped in driving sales.
Communication assists in maintaining a competitive advantage in retaining and attracting
customers. The introduction of new technology may be intricate for retailers, but the
convenience and cost effectiveness create the need for new advancements. Large stores need
to monitor inventories and expenses of establishments. With automated machines and high-
end computers making the task simpler, the focus of retailers can stay on retaining customers
with new strategies. Security systems also do help for a safer shopping, for retailers as well as
customers, providing immense mental relief. Such technological advancements are only now
coming into India and the need for it has been acknowledged. The point of sale (POS)
applications will provide for quicker consumer check-out and multiple payment options like
credit cards. Solutions ranging from simple Point of Sale (PoS) systems to complex retail
ERPs have been implemented mainly by large, mid-sized and manufacturer-retailers in India.
Using ERP packages and solutions like Retail Pro, higher-end solutions like JDA, SAP IS
Retail or Retek facilitate backend operations.
 Use of technology in retail industry and specifically in malls is ideal.
 There are different types of technology for different types of purposes.
 Work can be done 24 hours a day with the help of technology.
 Work runs smoothly with non interference from outsiders.
Each department in the malls plays a crucial role in the smooth running of the mall and they
all work together to achieve the common goal of maintaining market leadership and making
use of technology to provide better customer experience.
Annexure
Chapter 6
Annexure
Biblography
*Books
The story of innovation – by James Trefil, Publisher – Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd,
licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia. 12th Edition, year of publishing 2017.
Science and Technology - by Ravi P Agrahari, Publisher - Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.
Ltd, licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia. 14th Edition, year of publishing 2012.
New Technology Elite – by Vinnie Mirchandani, Publisher – John Wiley & Sons inc. 9th
Edition, year of publishing 2012.
Reshaping Retail – PHILIP KOTLER, 12th edition, year of publication.
Websites
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology
 https://www.britannica.com/technology/technology
 https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/jobs-and-careers/story/10-uses-of-technology-in-21st-
century-jobs-1358394-2018-10-08

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PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement of

MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK

Submitted To: - Submitted By:-

DAV CENTENARY COLLEGE, FARIDABAD

I have written bibliography and questionnaire for respondents.

The project entitled “Current Technologies used in Malls” has been

I have completed this project based on the primary and secondary

I am also thankful to MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,

1. Agriculture and Bio Technology

2. Energy Power Technology

1. Agriculture and Bio Technology

Some of the new technologies used in agriculture are:-

 Drones and Satellite Imaging

Agricultural biotechnology is a range of tools, including traditional breeding techniques, that

Modern biotechnology today includes the tools of genetic engineering.

In addition to genetically engineered crops, biotechnology has helped make other

2. Energy and Power Technology

Energy technology is an interdisciplinary engineering science having to do with the efficient,

Medical technologies are with you all the time:

Medical technologies - at every phase of the patient pathway :

By definition, construction technology is the “collection of innovative tools, machinery,

Modern construction equipment is as much a part of construction technology as blockchain,

The term “manufacturing technology” means techniques and processes designed to

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a computer controlled process in which

Transportation technology refers to the technological improvements, tools or techniques, for

Steam to diesel to electric engines

Hydrogen-powered engines and fuel economy

7. Information and Communication Technology

 deploys and maintains business applications, services and infrastructure (servers,

Administration- Administrators handle the day-to-day deployment, operation and

Compliance- Businesses are obligated to observe varied government- and industry-driven

People visit the stores in the mall to shop.

 Most malls have parking lots (places to park cars).

Some of them are:-

 For Monitoring People or Staff Members

And much more.

Technology means a lot of things these days.

 Agriculture and Bio Technology

 Energy Power Technology

 Information and Communication Technology

These 7 types of technologies that we use today are explained below :-

Medical technologies are with you all the time:

Medical technologies - at every phase of the patient pathway :

By definition, construction technology is the “collection of innovative tools, machinery,

Modern construction equipment is as much a part of construction technology as blockchain,

3. Agriculture and Bio Technology

Some of the new technologies used in agriculture are:-

• Drones and Satellite Imaging

• Soil and Water Sensors

Agricultural biotechnology is a range of tools, including traditional breeding techniques,

Modern biotechnology today includes the tools of genetic engineering.

4. Energy and Power Technology

Energy technology is an interdisciplinary engineering science having to do with the efficient,

Power Technology is the study of how we are affected by Power/Energy/Transportation and

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a computer controlled process in which

6. Information and Communication Technology

2. Monitors, optimizes and troubleshoots the performance of applications, services and

3. Oversees the security and governance of applications, services and infrastructure.

• Administration- Administrators handle the day-to-day deployment, operation and

• Applications- Businesses rely on software to perform work. Some applications are

• Compliance- Businesses are obligated to observe varied government- and industry-

Here are some pros of using technology: