IS 456 : 2000

8.2 Requirements for Durability

8.2.1 Shape and Size of Member
The shape or design details of exposed
structures
should be such as to promote good drainage of
water and to avoid standing pools and rundown
of water. Care should also be taken to minimize
any cracks that may collect or transmit water.
Adequate curing is essential to avoid the
harmful effects of early loss of moisture (see
13.5). Member profiles and their intersections
with other members shall be designed and
detailed in a way to ensure easy flow of concrete
and proper compaction during concreting.
13.3 Airy’s Theory
By using this theory, the horizontal pressure per
unit length of periphery and position of plane of
rupture can be determined. The Airy's theory is
based on Coulomb's wedge theory of Earth
Pressure.
Consider a wedge ABC of unit thickness.

Figure 13.2
= inclination of plane of rupture with horizontal
thickness of wedge
ABC= 1 unit
W = weight of wedge
R1 & R2 = reactions to BC and BA respectively
Rn and Pn = normal reactions due to R1 & R2
respectively
h = depth of Bunker
b = breadth of Bunker