ELS 214

(1) *The Scarlet letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne*

* The novel is a satire on Salem cities.
* Nathaniel is famous for a statement he once made "I cannot be a doctor because I don't want to be based on people's
ailment. I cannot be a lawyer because I cannot live on people's quarrel. I cannot be a priest because I cannot live on
people's sin. I can only be a writer".
___Nathaniel Hawthorne—American writer.
The Scarlet letter is a novel that is popular. It is all about a woman called Hester prynne and the novel is a satire.
Nathaniel Hawthorne is a popular writer through his novel "Scarlet letter". The novel is about a Christian group of people
known as quarters/ Presbyterian. They planned running a theocracy state ruled by only christian bodies. The people
involved were called Salem (ites ). The novel is a satire because their plan ended up in a catastrophe. Nathaniel
Hawthorne had the interest and passion to be a writer and a very good one. In this story, it present a woman called
Hester prynne who was married. She was a young and beautiful woman whose husband travelled. She worked along
side with Rev. Arthur Dimmes Dale and they fell in love. She got pregnant by him. Hester prynne's husband travelled for
two years, which made people to be inquisitive about the pregnancy. She was brought forward to make an open
confession on the man responsible for the pregnancy. The person to lead the trial was Rev. Arthur dimmes Dale the man
responsible for her pregnancy. She was imprisoned and later gave birth to a girl called pearl. She was made to wear long
clothes to cover her hair and body and a king Scarlet letter "A" was written on her which means "Adultry". Her husband
Roger Chilling Worth returned and found his wife in prison and the story was narrated to him. Her husband took it to
himself to avenge himself by getting back at Dimmesdale.
Dimmesdale became indoors, he was not himself. He was ashamed after the incident between him and Hester prynne.
*The theme of appearance and reality*

(2) *The emperor Jones*

The emperor Jones is a 1920 play by American dramatist "Eugene O'Neill.

Genre—A tragedy
(3) *The great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald*
* Nick Carraway, a young man from Minnesota.
* Nick's neighbor in West egg is a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby.
* Nick's cousin, Daisy Buchanan and her husband, Tom.
* Jordan Baker, a cynical young woman with whom Nick begin a romantic relationship.
* Tom also has a lover called Myrtle Wilson.
* Myrtle's husband, George.

*The Scarlet letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne*

* A young woman Hester prynne is led from the town prison with her Infant daughter pearl.
* The elderly onlooker is Hester's missing husband. Who is now practicing medicine and calling himself Roger Chilling
Worth.
* Community officials attempt to take pearl away from Hester but with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale, a young and
eloquent minister, the mother and daughter managed to stay together.
* Dimmesdale suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress.
* Chilling Worth also suspects that there may be a connection between the Minister's torments and Hester's secret.
*Hester goes to Chilling Worth and asks him to stop adding to Dimmesdale's self-torments, Chilling Worth refuses.
* when Hester dies she is buried next to Dimmesdale. The two share a single tombstone. which bears a Scarlet "A".
* The novel is set in a village in Puritan New England.
* Hester prynne, a young woman who has borne a child out of wedlock. She believes herself a widow.
* The novel is set in 17th century Boston. A city governed by strict Puritan law.
* In June 1642, in the Puritan town of Boston, a crowd gathers to witness an official punishment. A young woman,
Hester prynne.
* The letter, a patch of fabric in the shape of "A" signifies that Hester is an "adulterer".
* Mistress hibblins is a widow who lives with her brother, governor Bellingham. She's commonly known to be a witch.
*The unknown narrator works as the surveyor of the Salem custom house (200years) after the novel's event took place.
*Black Boy* an autobiography of Richard Wright.
__ Four years old Richard Wright accidentally burn down the family house in Natchez, Mississippi.
__ Richard's Father_ Nathan
__ Richard's mother_ Ella
__ Nathan abandons his family to live with another woman while Richard and his brother Alan are still very young.
__ Richard therefore grow bitter towards his father.
__ Richard became an alcoholic at the age of six.
__ life improves when Ella moves to Elaine, Arkansas to live with her sister Maggie and her sister's husband Hoskins .
*white jealousy of Haskins's business success reached a peak as local white men kill Hoskins and threaten the rest of
his family.
* Ella and Maggie flee with the two boys to West Helena, Arkansas.
* After sometime, Maggie flee to Detroit with her lover, Prof Matthew.
* Time became even harder when a paralytic stroke severely incapacitates Ella. Richard's grandmother brings Ella,
Richard and Alan to her home in Jackson, Mississippi.
*The aunts and uncles decide that Alan, Richard's brother will live with Maggie in Detroit. Ella will remain at home in
Jackson. Richard chose to live with his uncle Clark in greenwood, Mississippi. Richard was terrified in plead to be
returned to his grandmother's home.
*Granny, a seventh day Adventist see his grandson as terribly sinful and she struggle mightily to reform him.
*Richard fends aunt Addie with a knife.
* Richard fends uncle Tom with a razor.
*Richard writes and published in a local black newspaper a story titled "the voodoo of helps half acre".
*He graduated from the ninth grades as vulledictorian.
*Richard has the seeming good fortune of finding a kind, generous landlady Mrs Moss who determines that he must
marry his daughter Bess.
*Aunt Maggie is Richard's favorite aunt.
*Prof Matthew—maggie's second husband.
*Hoskins—maggie's first husband.

*Moby Dick*
Moby Dick is an 1851 novel by American writer Herman marville.
__Ishmael, the narrator announces his intent to ship abroad a whaling vessel. He made several voyages as a sailor but
none as a whaler.
__Ishmael travels to new Bedford, Massachusetts. Where he stays in a whaler's inn.
__He shares a bed with a harpooner from the south Pacific named Queequeg.
__Queequeg is covered with tattoos.
__Queequeg and Ishmael decided to seek work on a whaling vessel together.
__They take a ferry to Nantucket, the traditional capital of the whaling industry.
__There they secure berths on the pequod.
__peleg and Bildad, the pequod's quarter owners.
__The ship mysterious captain, Ahab who is still recovering from losing his leg in an encounter with a sperm whale on
his last voyage.
__pequod leaves Nantucket on a cold Christmas day.
__Ahab's false leg which is made from a sperm whale's jaw.
__He announced his desire to kill Moby Dick, the legendary great with whale who took his leg.
__Ahab nails a gold doubloon to the mast and declares that it will be the price for the first man to sight the whale.
__The strange group of men leader is an exotic looking man named Fedellah.
__Ahab hopes their skills and Fedellah's prophetic abilities will help him in his hunt for Moby Dick.
__one of the ships, Jeroboam carries Gabriel, a crazed prophet who predicts doom for anyone who threatens Moby Dick.
__while trying to drain oil from the head of some cought sperm whale (Tashtego) one of the pequod's harpooners falls
into the whale's voluminous head and the ship begins to sink.
__harpooner—someone who munches harpoons.
__harpoon—a spear used for catching large fish or whales.
__Queequeg saves Tashtego.
__pip(the pequod's black cabin boy) a young man acting as a servant on a ship, jumps from a whale boat and is left
behind in the middle of the ocean.
__soon after, the pequod meets the Samuel Ederby , a whaling ship whose captain (Boomer) has lost an arm in an
encounter with Moby Dick.
__Queeaueg falls ill and has the ship's carpenter to make him a coffin in anticipation of his death. He recovers.
__Ahab orders harpoons, he baptizes the harpoon with the blood of the pequod's three harpooners.
__Fedellah declares that Ahab will first see two hearses and he will be killed by hemp lope.
__A violent windstorm hits the pequod, Ahab takes it as a sign of imminent success but Starbuck the ship first mate,
takes it as a bad omen and considers killing Ahab.
__ The ship encounters two more whaling ships. The Rachael and delight.
__ The whale is harpooned but Moby Dick again attacks Ahab's boat. Fedellah, trapped in the harpoon line, is dragged
overboard to his death.
__Ahab is then caught in a harpoon Line and hurled out of his harpoon boat to his death.
__ All the remaining whale boats and men are pulled under to their death.
__Ishmael, who was thrown from the boat at the beginning escaped the whirlpool and he alone survives.
__he floats a top Queequeg's coffin, until he is picked up by the Rachael.
*Characterization*
*Ishmael, the narrator and a junior member of the crew of the pequod.
*Ahab is dictatorial but not unfair.
*Queequeg was ishmael's best friend.
*Starbuck—the first mate of pequod.
*Stubb—the second mate of pequod.
*Flask—the native of tisbury on Matha's vineyard and the third mate of the pequod.
*Queequeg— Starbuck's skilled harpooner.
*Tashtego— Stubb's harpooner.
*Daggo— flask's harpooner.
*Pip— like a pool in Shakespeare's play, he is half prophet and half idiot.
*Fedellah— (Persian fire— worshipper) he has a very striking appearance around his head is a turban made from his own
hair. He serves as a prophet to Ahab.
*Peleg— as one of the principal owners of the pequod peled along with captain Bildad takes care of hiring crew. Peleg
plays the generous one.
*Captain Boomer— a captain of the English whaling ship the Samuel ederby that lost his arm in an accident with Moby
Dick. Boomer unlike Ahab is glad to have escaped with his life.
*Revenge is the central theme.
*The novel consists of 135 chapters.

*I Know why the caged bird sings*

__Maya's parents divorce when she was only three years old and ship Maya and her older brother Bailey to live with their
paternal grandmother.
__ Annie harderson
*Maya's mother Vivian.
*Vivian's boyfriend Mr Freeman.
*It is an autobiography of an American writer Maya Angelou, published in 1969.

The native son is characterized into three;

__ fear
__flight
__fate.

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