MATHEMATICS KSSM FORM 1

CH 1: RATIONAL NUMBERS. c. The number on the right of a number is greater than the numbers on its
left. The number above a number is greater than number below it.
1.1 INTEGERS. d. The number on the left is smaller than the number on the right. The
1.1.(a) (Recognise positive and negative numbers based on realise situations) number below a number is smaller than the number above it.

Example 1: Write positive or negative number based on the following situation.

i. A shop incurred a loss of ii. Mail can dive until 10 m iii. A crab moves 10 m to
RM 100 last month. below sea level. the right to escape from
the threat

1.1 (b) Recognise and describe the integers.

Integers: are groups of number which include positive and negative whole number including
zero.

Example 2: determine whether each of the following number is an integer.

1 2
15 23 0 −3 −3.2 301 −301 −6.5 6.5 −
2 5

Integers: Non-Integers:

1.1 (c) Represent integers on number lines.

Characteristics of a number Lines:

a. The numbers to right of 0 on horizontal number line or above on a vertical

number line are positive
b. The numbers to left of 0 on horizontal number line or below 0 on vertical
number line are negative.
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MATHEMATICS KSSM FORM 1

Example 5: Complete the number line using the following numbers.

−30 , 6 , −36 , −6

Example 6: find the value of P and Q

P= Q=

Example 3: Write ‘True’ for the correct statement and ‘False’ for the incorrect statement.

a. 5 is less than 0 b. – 2 is more than – 7

1.1 (d) Compare and Arrange integers in order.

Example 7: Compare each of the following pairs of the integers

a. −18 and −7
b. 1 and −7

a.

Example 4: Represent the integers from −4 to 2 on horizontal number line.

CH 1: RATIONAL NUMBERS
MATHEMATICS KSSM FORM 1
Example 9: Solve:

a. 8+(+3) b. 8+(−3)
b.

c. 2−(+3) d. −2−(−3 )

Example 8:Compare and arrange the following integers in the given order.

a. −3 , 4 , 2 , −5 , 6 , 0 , −1 in ascending order

e. 6+(+3 ) f. −4 +(−3 )

g. 3−(+2) h. −2−(−4 )

b. −4 , 3 , 2 , 5 , −2 , −1 , −5 in descending order

i. −12−(−15 ) j. 20−(−16)

k. 27−(+3 ) l. −20−(−16)

1.2 Basic Arithmetic Operation Involving Integers.

1.2 (a) Additions and Subtractions of integers.

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MATHEMATICS KSSM FORM 1
m. 13−24 n. 60−(−25)

o. 18+(−3 ) p. −18+(−3 )

q. −18+3 r. −18−(−3) 1.2 (b) Multiplication and division of Integers.

Rules of Multiplication and Division of Integers

s. 18−(−3 ) t. 25+(−5 )

Example 10: Evaluate each of the following.

a. 5×4 b. −5×(−4)
u. −25+(−5 ) v. −25−(−5)

c. 5×(−4 ) d. −5×4

e. 6÷2 f. −6÷(−2)
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MATHEMATICS KSSM FORM 1

g. 6÷(−2) h. 6÷2

i. 8×(−6) j. −18÷(−6)

1.2 (c) Perform Computations involving combined basic arithmetic operations of integers.

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MATHEMATICS KSSM FORM 1
Order to follows:

Multiplications Additional and

Brackets
or divisions Substract

g. −8+12−(−10) h. 45÷(−9)×(−7 )

Example 11: Solve each of the following.

a. −8×(−2+3) b. 7+2(−3)

i. 60÷(−5)÷(−4) j. −20+(−5 )×3−(−19)

c. 4−12÷(−2)+(−1 ) −12+−16
d. −22−(−24 )

−152÷(−4 )+(−7 )×5 [−38−(−17)]÷ [−1+(−2)] k. 5×2×(−4) l. 27+4×30+(−69 )

e. f.

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MATHEMATICS KSSM FORM 1
Example:
(2+3)+ 4=2+(3+ 4 )
m. (−8+20)×(−4 ) n. 7× [− 32÷8−(−9 ) ] (5×2 )×−4=5×(2×−4 )

Perform Computations efficiently.

Example 12: solve each of the following using efficient computation.

a. 28+38+2 b. 27+36+53

1.2 (d) describe the laws of arithmetic operations.

(I) Identity Law (II) Commutative Law

- The sum of or the product of a - The sum or the product of any two numbers is
number, a and an identity is the same even after reordering the numbers. c. 52×16 d. 7×3040
the number a itself. - Addition
- 0 is the identity for addition. a+b=b+ a
a+0=0+ a=a - Multiplication
a+(−a)=0 - a×b=b×a
- 1 is the identity for
multiplication. Example:
a×1=1×a=a 5+8=8+5
1 −3×8=8×−3
a× =1
a
Example:
e. 2×24×5 f. 755×6 +25×6
5+0=0+5=5
5×1=1×1=5
(III) Associative Law (IV) Distributive Law
- The sum or product of any -A number multiplied with the sum of two numbers is
three numbers is the same the same as the sum of the products of the first
no matter how the numbers number with each of the two numbers.
are grouped. a×(b+ c )=a×b+ a×c
- Addition
(a+b )+c=a+(b +c ) a×(b−c )=a×b−a×c
Example:
- Multiplication
(a×b )×c=a×(b×c )
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MATHEMATICS KSSM FORM 1
1.2 (e) Solve problem involving integers. 1 1 3 1
, , − , −
Example 13: Cg. Adilah’s credit card account showed a balanced of debts of RM230 at a. 2 4 4 2
one time. He had used his credit card to pay for three books each costing RM120. a
week later, his credit card account was charged an interest of RM3 and cg. Adilah made
a payment RM400 to his account. Explain whether cg. Adilah had cleared his debts.
Answer:

1.3.2 Compare and Arrange Positive and Negative Fractions in Order.

Example 15: Compare each of the following fraction.

1 1 7 4 2 1
a. 10 and 3 b. 8 and 5 c. 5 and 3

1 1 7 4 2 1
− − − − − −
d. 10 and 3 e. 8 and 5 f. 5 and 3

1 1 6 2 1 5
− − −1 2
1.3 Positive and Negative Integers. g. 10 and 3 h. 8 and 8 i. 4 and 2
1.3.1 represent positive and negative fractions on number lines.
Represent fraction on number line is the same as integers.

Example 16: Compare and arrange the following fractions.

a. Ascending order
1 3 1 1 5 3
, − , −1 , , −1 , −
8 4 4 2 8 8
Example 14: Represent the following fractions on a number lines.

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MATHEMATICS KSSM FORM 1

Answer:
a.
1 2
× =
4 3 b.
1
4 ( )
2
×− =
3 c.
2 4
× =
3 5

b. Descending order
3 2 1 4
−1 , − , − , −2
Answer:
10 5 2 5
d.
6 4
− × =
11 5 e.
2 4 3
× × =
3 5 2 f.
2 4 3
× ×− =
3 5 2 ( )

g.
2 4 3
− × ×− =
3 5 2 ( ) h.
2 3
+ =
4 4 i.
2 3
− + =
4 4
c. Ascending order
3 2 1 1
−1 , − , − , −1
5 5 2 10
Answer:

j.
2 3
+ =
5 4 k.
2
5( )3
+− =
4 l.
2
5 ( )
3
−− =
4

2 3 2 3 2 3
1.3.3 Perform Computations involving combined basic arithmetic operations of positive − = + = − + =
and negative fractions. m. 20 4 n. 4 2 o. 4 2
Example 17: Evaluate and express your answer in lowest term

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MATHEMATICS KSSM FORM 1

x.
2
3
−−( )( )
5
12
3
+− =
4 y.
[ ( )] ( )
1 3 1 1
1 − − × −1 ÷3 =
2 4 6 2

p.
1 2
÷ =
4 3 q.
1
4 ( )
2
÷− =
3 r.
2 4
÷ =
3 5

1.3.4 Problem solving involving Fractions.

Example 18: A mathematics quiz contains 20 questions. A score of 2 marks is awarded for
1
s.
6 4
− ÷ =
11 5 t.
1 2
6 3 ( )
3
1 − ×− =
8 u.
( )
2 2 5
1 × − =
3 5 6 every correct answer and a score of
−
2
mark is given for every incorrect answer. Hanson
participated in the quiz and answered all the questions. His score for incorrect answer was
−4 . What was the total score Hanson obtained in the quiz.

Answer:

v.
5 1
8 3 ( )
5
+1 ÷ − =
6 w.
−
9 22
( )( )
7 14
× +− ÷− =
11 45 12 27

5 2
Example 19: A water tank is 8 fill with water. 3 of the water is released. Then the water tank
CH 1: RATIONAL NUMBERS
MATHEMATICS KSSM FORM 1
is filled until it is half-full. Calculate the amount of water added into the water tank as a fraction
of it volume.
Answer:

1
21
Example 20: The initial temperature of a solution is 4 oC . The temperature of the
1
5 o
solution decreased by 2 C when cold water is added to the solution. Then the solution is
2
30 1.4 Positive and Negative Decimal.
heated for 5 minutes until it reaches a temperature of 5 oC . Calculate the rise in 1.4.1 Represent positive and negative decimal on number Lines.
temperature during the heating process.
Answer:

example 21: Represent the following decimal on the number line.

0.7 , −0.5 , −0.8, 0.2, −1.3

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1.4.2 Compare and Arrange positive and negative in decimal.

Example 22: compare and arrange the decimal in order.

a. Ascending Order
0.7 , −0.5 , −0.8, 0 .2, −1.3
c. 3.168−4. 328÷0 . 4 d. 4 .18−(−6 .12 ) +3 .15

b. Descending Order
0.7 , −0.5 , −0.8, 0 .2, −1.3

e. 9.1−7.2÷(−1. 8 ) f.
−1. 54×[ (−1 .6 )+0. 9 ]

c. Descending Order.
−1.4 , −0. 7, −1.9, 0. 6, −1.3, −0. 3, −1.1

1. 44 2.34+3.1×( 0. 1 ) +0 .2
−2. 65− +3 . 22 h.
g. −1. 2

1.4.3 Perform computation involving Decimal.

Example 23:Evaluate each of the following.

a. 0.7×1.5+ (−1.2 ) b. ( 3.35+0. 25 )× (−3. 2 )

1.4.4. Solve problem involving decimal.

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Example 24: Mr. Aiman has 60 apples. 6 rotten apples are thrown away and the remaining
apples are sold at 6 apples per bag at the price of RM6.90. How much money can he make
from the sales of apples?

1.5 Rational Number.

a
Rational numbers is the number that can be express as a ratio a:b or as fraction b , where a and
b are integers and the value of b is not 0.

4 3
1 , , −9 , 3 . 5
Example 26: determine whether 9 4 .
Solution:
Example 25: Table shows the items Purchased by Louis for his burger stall.

Example 27: Solve each of the following.

(a) What is the balance of her money if she pays with 4 pieces RM50?

a.
3
−0 . 6+ × −1
4 ( )
3
5 b.
−3 .25÷
13
15 ( )
1
− −2 ×0 .25
6

(b) Louis uses the balance of her money to buy 3 bottles of pineapple jam and still has
RM7.75 left. How much does a bottle of pineapple jam cost?

c.
1
−0 . 4+1 × −
2
1
8( ) d.
[ 18× −( 127 )+1 . 5]÷0. 3
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Example 28: Jasper bought 7 pairs of pants which costs RM8.90 each for his children. If the
remaining money he had after the shopping was RM 107.70, how much money Jasper had at
the beginning?
Answer:

Example 30: Container A is used to store water. of the water in the container is poured into
container B. Then, the remaining water is divided into 11 glasses of 500ml each. If all glasses
are fully filled, what is the volume, in litres, of water in the container at first?
Answer:

Example 29: Zamri bought kg of fish which costs RM13.90 per kg and 7 bottles of soy
sauce which costs RM4.45 each bottle in a supermarket. He pays with 2 pieces of RM50
notes.
(i) How much balance that he will receive?
(ii) State the balance in the number of notes and coins he may receive.
Answer:

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CH 1: RATIONAL NUMBERS