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Design of Band-Notched Circular Ring Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications

Saswati Ghosh(1), Ayan Chakrabarty(2), Soumalya Ghosh(2), Krishnendu Saha(2), Atanu Kauji(2)
(1) Kalpana Chawla Space Technology Cell, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, W. B., India, E.mail: saswati@ece.iitkgp.ernet.in (2) Department of ECE, Durgapur Institute of Advanced Technology & Management, Durgapur-713212, W.B.

Abstract: A planar modified circular ring antenna for ultra wideband applications with band notch performance is presented here. A return loss of 10 dB is achieved over the ultra wideband frequency range (3.1 10.6 GHz) except the notch frequency band. The band notched characteristic is achieved by introducing a tuning stub inside the ring monopole. The results for return loss and radiation pattern are simulated using electromagnetic simulator WIPL-D. A prototype antenna is fabricated and the simulated result for return loss is compared with the measured result.

Introduction: The planar monopole antennas e.g. circular, elliptical, annular etc. are used for ultra wideband (UWB) (3.110.6 GHz) communication [1 2]. Due to the increased growth of UWB wireless technology, the researchers got motivation to design ultra wideband antennas [1 3]. Recently, the antennas with band rejection characteristics are highly appreciated to reduce the interference between the UWB transmitters on different communication systems with overlapping frequency band (e.g. Wireless LAN) [5 6]. The band rejection characteristics of the UWB antennas are achieved using 3D structures, stub, or two folded-strip lines to the UWB antennas. The band notched monopole antennas vertically kept on the ground plane are of high demand due to their simple structure, ease of fabrication and the desired UWB characteristics. The UWB performance of an antenna in frequency domain is characterized by the impedance matching characteristics, stable radiation pattern and high efficiency over bandwidth. In this paper, a simple, easy to fabricate and high performance modified circular ring monopole antenna placed vertically on a circular ground plane with UWB operating bandwidth and a band notched characteristic is presented. The band notched feature is achieved and easily controlled by introducing a tuning stub inside the ring monopole. For the simulation of the return loss, current distribution and radiation pattern data the electromagnetic software WIPL-D Pro v5.1 is used [7]. The prototype antenna is fabricated and the result for the return loss of the prototype antenna is compared with the simulation data. Antenna Geometry: Fig. 1 shows the geometry of the ultra wideband ring monopole antenna with band notch characteristics. The outer radius of the ring is R and inner radius is r. The circular ring monopole is mounted on a circular ground plane of radius = 75 mm with a feed gap of 2 mm. The band notch is achieved by the introduction of a rectangular tuning stub of length L and width W. The length of tuning stub is taken approximately as quarter wavelength at the desired notch frequency. At the resonant frequency of the stub, the surfacecurrent distribution of the ring monopole will be disturbed, thus causing a mismatch of the

antennas input impedance. All these parameters are optimized to achieve the best performance.

Fig. 1. Geometry of the proposed antenna. Results: The result for the return loss over the UWB frequency range is simulated using electromagnetic simulator WIPL-D [7]. Fig. 2 shows the plot of return loss versus frequency for ring monopole with different inner radius (without notch). Next, keeping the inner radius r = 8 mm, the stub is introduced to achieve the band notch characteristics. The plot of return loss versus frequency for various stub length is shown in Fig. 3. The radiation characteristics of the proposed band-notched UWB antenna are also studied at different frequencies and shown in Fig. 4. The prototype antenna is fabricated for experimental verification (Fig. 5). The design parameters of the prototype antenna are as follows: R = 18 mm; r = 8 mm; W = 6.7 mm; L = 21 mm. A circular finite ground plane of radius of 75 mm is used for the measurement. A comparison between the simulated and measured return loss using HP 8757 C network analyzer is presented in Fig. 6.
-5 -10 -15

Return loss (dB)

r=14 mm
-20 -25 -30 3.1 4.6 6.1 7.6 9.1 10.6

r=12 mm r=10 mm r=8 mm

Frequency in GHz

Fig. 2. Return loss versus frequency plot for various inner radius of the circular ring monopole (without notch) with fixed outer radius R=18 mm. Discussions: The return loss versus frequency plot of the ring monopole (Fig. 2) shows that by adjusting the inner radius of the ring for a fixed outer radius, an impedance bandwidth defined by 10 dB return loss is achieved over 3.1 10.6 GHz. A hike in the return loss over a certain frequency band is achieved by including the stub (Fig. 3). The notch frequency is adjusted by tuning the length of the stub. The radiation pattern within the UWB range shows good omni directional radiation patterns like simple circular-disk monopole antenna (Fig. 6). Also Fig. 6 shows a good agreement between the measured and simulated results, though a small shift of the notch frequency band is noticed for the measured data [8]. However, the measured return loss data shows the same impedance bandwidth as that of the simulation data.

-4 -6

Return loss (dB)

-8 -10 -12 -14 -16 -18 3.1 4.6 6.1 7.6 9.1 10.6
L=21 mm L=20 mm L=19 mm L=18 mm

Frequency in GHz

Fig. 3. Return loss versus frequency plot for various stub length inside the circular ring monopole (with notch) with R = 18 mm, r = 8 mm, W = 6.7 mm.

10 GHz

4 GHz

8 GHz

Fig. 4. Radiation pattern in the vertical plane at different frequencies of the modified circular ring monopole with stub with R = 18 mm, r = 8 mm, W = 6.7 mm, L=21 mm. The angle is measured from the vertical z axis.

Fig. 5. Prototype band-notched modified circular ring monopole antenna.

0 -5
Return loss in dB

-10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 3.1 4.6 6.1 7.6 9.1 10.6
Frequency in GHz
Simulated (WIPL-D) Measured

Fig. 6. Plot of return loss versus frequency of band-notched modified circular ring monopole antenna. Conclusion: This paper presents the performance of a modified planar ring monopole antenna as an UWB band-notched antenna. The simulated results for the return loss show that the desired bandwidth with desired frequency notch can be achieved and easily controlled by adjusting stub length and the other parameters of the antenna. The omni directional radiation pattern of a conventional monopole antenna is maintained over the frequency range. Acknowledgement: The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support given by Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India. Reference: [1] Narayan Prasad Agrawall, Girish Kumar, and K. P. Ray, Wideband planar monopole antennas, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 46, no. 2, February 1998, pp. 294 295. [2] S. W. Su, K. L. Wong, and C. L. Tang, Ultra-wideband square planar monopole antenna for IEEE 802.16a operation in the 211 GHz band, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 463466, 2004. [3] Saswati Ghosh, Ajay Chakrabarty, Ultra wideband performance of dielectric loaded Tshaped monopole transmit and receive antenna / EMI sensor, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 7, pp. 358 361, 2008. [4] Jos Martnez-Fernndez, Valentn de la Rubia, Jos M. Gil, and Juan Zapata, Frequency notched UWB planar monopole antenna optimization using a finite element method-based approach, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 56, no. 9, September 2008, pp. 2884 2893. [5] Wang-Sang Lee, Won-Gyu Lim, and Jong-Won Yu, Multiple band-notched planar monopole antenna for multiband wireless systems, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 15, no. 9, September 2005, pp. 576 578. [6] Chong-Yu Hong, Ching-Wei Ling, I-Young Tarn, and Shyh-Jong Chung, Design of a planar ultrawideband antenna with a new band- notch structure, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, no. 12, December 2007, pp. 3391 3397. [7] B. M. Kolundzija, J. S. Ognjanovic, T.K. Sarkar, WIPL-D software: Electromagnetic Modeling of Composite Metallic and Dielectric Structures Software and Users Manual, Artech House, pp.1-332. [8] Saswati Ghosh, Band-Notched Modified Circular Ring Monopole Antenna for Ultrawideband Applications, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 9, pp. 276 279, 2010.