Abstracts • Environmental Epidemiology (XXX) XXX
www.environmentalepidemiology.com
PDS 73: Neurological effects, Johan Friso Foyer, Floor 1, August 26,
2019, 10:30 AM - 12:00 PM
Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD). One suggested environmental factor is air pollution,
but knowledge of effects in low-exposure areas are limited. Here we
examine risks for ASD and ADHD in children prenatally exposed to
nitrogen oxides (NOx), in an area with levels generally below WHO air
quality guidelines.
MAPSS (Maternal Air Pollution in Southern Sweden) is an epi-
demiological database consisting of virtually all (99%) children
born between 1999 and 2009 (48,000 births) in Scania, Southern
Sweden. It consists of Gaussian dispersion model derived NOx-
levels at each maternal residencies during pregnancy, perinatal
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/environepidem by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AWnYQp/IlQrHD3i3D0OdRyi7TvSFl4Cf3VC4/OAVpDDa8K2+Ya6H515kE= on 05/11/2022
factors collected from a birth registry and socio-economic factors
from Statistics Sweden. Malmö and Lund Departments of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry diagnosed all children with ASD and ADHD
in the study area using standardized diagnostic instruments. Finally,
we performed regression analyses on the risk of developing ASD and
ADHD with adjustments for potential perinatal and socio-economic
confounders.
In this longitudinal cohort study, we found positive associations
between air pollution exposure during the prenatal period and an
increased risk of developing ASD. For example, a Hazard Ratio (HR)
of 1.50 and its 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (95% CI: 1.06-2.14) were
found when comparing first to fourth quartile of NOx exposure in
adjusted models. We did not find similar effects on the risk of develop-
ing ADHD.
This study contributes to the growing evidence of a link between
prenatal exposure to air pollution and ASD, suggesting evidence even
below current WHO air quality guidelines.
Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of
preeclampsia: a population-based cohort study in Scania,
Sweden
Mandakh Y1, Oudin A1, Rittner R1, Isaxon C1, Familari M2,
Hansson S1, Malmqvist E1
1
Lund University, 2University of Melbourne
TPS 743: Health effects in pregnancy, Exhibition Hall, Ground floor,
August 26, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM
Background
There is a mounting literature on the association between low-level
air pollution exposure and the risk for preeclampsia (PE); however, how
air pollution affects the health of pregnant women and fetal develop-
ment is still unknown.
Aim
To investigate the spatiotemporal associations for the risk of devel-
oping PE and to determine the risk thresholds for maternal exposure to
ambient black carbon (BC), PM2.5 and PM10 during pregnancy.
Methods
Maternal Air Pollution in Southern Sweden (MAPSS) consists of
48777 singleton pregnancies and monthly exposure levels of BC, as well
as local and total PM2.5 and PM10 at maternal residential address esti-
mated by Gaussian dispersion modeling in Scania, Sweden during 2000
to 2009.
Employing IBM SPSS Statistics version 25, we used binary logistic
regression models to estimate the association between particle exposures
and total PE, early- and late-onset PE, PE with small-for-gestational age
(SGA) and PE without SGA, adjusted for obstetrical risk factors and
socioeconomic predictors.
Results
The number of PE cases was 2.9%. The effect estimates for each 1
µg/m3 increase of BC on the risk for PE are adjusted odds ratio (AOR)
259
of 1.89 (95% CI 1.34, 2.65) in the first trimester, 2.08 (1.45, 2.98) in the
second semester, 1.77 (1.28, 2.45) in the third semester and 2.14 (1.48,
3.09) in whole pregnancy. Similar patterns were observed for each 5 µg/
m3 increment in locally emitted PM2.5 and PM10 at all exposure win-
dows. Effect estimates appeared to be more prominent in pregnancies
complicated by SGA.
Conclusions
There is a significant positive association between maternal
exposure to ambient air pollution during gestation and the risk of
developing PE with SGA in a setting with low-level air pollution.
Lowering the limit values would not only benefit the more vulnerable
pregnant woman and their unborn children, but also the population
as a whole.
High resolution spatiotemporal assessment of ambient
air pollution using ensemble modeling and links with
hypertension in a Delhi based cohort
Mandal S1,2, Madhipatla K1, Prabhakaran D1,2, Schwartz J3
1
Center for Chronic Disease Control, 2Public Health Foundation of
India, 3Harvard School of Public Health
OPS 47: Increasing spatiotemporal resolution in assessment of expo-
sure to outdoor air pollutants, Room 412, Floor 4, August 27, 2019,
4:30 PM - 5:30 PM
Aim: High levels of ambient air pollution has been implicated
as a major risk factor for morbidities and premature mortality in
India. In this work, we retrospectively assessed daily average PM2.5
exposure at 1 km × 1 km grids in Delhi, India from 2010-2016,
using multiple data sources and ensemble averaging approaches that
combine machine learning algorithms. In addition, we linked the
assessed exposures with blood pressure and hypertension in a cohort
study.
Methods: We implemented a multi-stage modeling exercise involv-
ing satellite data, land use variables, reanalysis based meteorological
variables and population density. The relationship between PM2.5 and
spatiotemporal predictors was modeled using five learners; generalized
additive model, elastic net, support vector regressions, random forests
and extreme gradient boosting. Predictions from each base learner was
combined under a generalized additive model framework with penal-
ized splines and tensor product smoothing. For studying the effects of
ambient air pollution on blood pressure and hypertension, we used lon-
gitudinal mixed effects modeling with different exposure metrics while
adjusting for confounders.
Results: Average cross-validated (CV) R2 ranged from 0.69-0.92 for
the ensemble averaged (EA) model across the years with annual average
concentrations ranging from 104 to 139 μg/m3. The predictions were
characterized by higher bias and root mean squared error in the fall
and winter compared to summer and monsoon seasons. Spatial CV-R2
(yearly average) varied between 0.91-0.99, while temporal CV-R2 (daily
variability) ranged from 0.65-0.90, showing adequate model perfor-
mances. We demonstrated important seasonal and geographical dif-
ferences in PM2.5 particulate matter concentrations using the model
outputs.
Conclusion: We have developed a detailed exposure assessment for
ambient air pollution in a highly polluted region of India and provided
insights to the effects of such exposures on longitudinally measured
blood pressure measurements in a representative cohort.
Measuring the effectiveness of an intervention for
atmospheric pollution abatement: the case study of
Taranto
Mangia C1, Russo A2, Cervino M3, Gianicolo E4
1
Cnr National Research Council Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and
Climate, 2Civic Researcher, 3Cnr National Research Council Institute of