ABODUNRIN OLASILE SAMUEL

18CI024009

CIVIL ENGINEERING

CVE 533

National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (also known

as NESREA) is a federal government of Nigerian environmental organization that was created in
2007 by law to "promote a cleaner and healthier environment for Nigerians." With around 483
firms in the NESREA corporate family, the agency operates as a parastatal company of the
Federal Ministry of Environment and is led by a Director, General who also serves as the chief
executive officer. The 33 National Environmental Regulations of NESREA address human
activities that harm the environment. In order to protect environmental quality, the agency has
the jurisdiction to monitor processes and equipment, ensure adherence to standards, punish
offenders, undertake open investigations, and submit ideas to the minister for approval. Multiple
accomplishments have been made by NESREA in the domain of environmental compliance. [1]

Functions of NESREA [2]

1. They ensure that policies and laws pertaining to sustainable ecosystem management,
biodiversity preservation, and the exploitation of Nigeria's natural resources are properly
implemented.
2. Aside from the oil and gas industry, they carry out an environmental inspection and build a
statistics bank on the regulation and enforcement of environmental standards.
3. They promote environmental regulations in the private sectors aside from the oil and gas
sector, sponsor compliance with environmental regulations in those sectors, publish an
overall scientific or other statistics as a result of the performance of its functions, and engage
in any additional tasks that are crucial and required for the ultimate discharge of its
responsibilities.
 NESREA Drinking Water standards [3]

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
E. Coli cfu/ml 0
Facial streptococcus cfu/ml 0
Aerobic Mesophilic cfu/ml 100
Fungi/Yeast cfu/ml 0
Clostridium perfringes spore cfu/ml 0
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color TCU 15
Odour Threshold Odour Unobjectionable
Temperature °C Ambient
pH Nil 6.5-8.5
Taste Dilution No Unobjectionable
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Conductivity µS/cm 1000
Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 500
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L Nil
Calcium Hardness mg/L Nil
Magnesium Hardness mg/L Nil
 NESREA Aquaculture Standards [4]

Physical treatment of Aquaculture

Before industrial effluents are released into the environment, a workable treatment method to
reduce the values of specific indicators is greatly required. The water treatment industry uses two
key products: natural and commercial or industrial agents. Both substances have a number of
unique qualities and efficacy that are essential for coagulation and adsorption.

Chemical treatment of Aquaculture

Aquaculture ponds frequently need to be treated with fertilizers, liming materials,
osmoregulatory enhancers, coagulants, oxidants, or algicides by managers. To reduce waste,
guarantee effectiveness, and guard against any harm to the culture species or culture
environment, dosages of these components should be carefully determined. Other varieties of
holding and grow-out units may also be subjected to various chemical treatments. Pond
treatments are often created based on the desired chemical concentration or pond area. Pond
dimensions and average depths are usually established during construction. Pond areas are
typically recalled, whereas average depths are frequently forgotten. Additionally, when silt
builds up in ponds over time, the depths fluctuate in accordance with methods used to replace
seepage and evaporation.

Biological treatment of Aquaculture

Depending on where the discharge fluids are eventually disposed of, the degree or level of
treatment varies substantially. Utilizing filter feeder, water plants, or combined filter feeder and
water plants are examples of biological treatment in aquaculture. Seaweed treatments are the
most effective biological treatment method for aquaculture wastewater treatment, and even
untrained farmers can easily adopt this technology. For nitrogen and inorganic nutrients, the
efficacy of removal from aquaculture wastewater is 80 to 90%. Seaweed harvests can be used as
fertilizer, feed, or a source of bioenergy, as well as as a source of raw materials for the synthesis
of chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
 NESREA Irrigation Standards [5]

Physical treatment of irrigation

Irrigation water can be treated by adding acid to improve fertility and counteract other negative
effects of high pH/alkalinity. While phosphoric and nitric acids have some uses as well, sulfuric
acid is the most frequently applied. Several "acid compatible" injectors are available right now.
When employing acid injection, make sure to acidify the water above the point where the
nutrients were injected. By doing this, the system's ability to dissolve fertilizer will be
maximized. Mix all fertilizer and pesticide solutions in acidified water as well.

Chemical treatment of Irrigation;

All irrigation systems ought to have some sort of filtration system, although this by itself is
insufficient to get rid of germs. Microorganism growth can lead to clogged pipes, fittings, and
emission devices (such as sprinklers, drippers, and spray jets), which can reduce the volume of
water applied and the uniformity and efficacy of that application. These have a usually negative
impact on agricultural productivity. Chlorination is a chemical process for getting rid of
microbiological growth. To deliver an efficient water treatment program without endangering the
irrigation system or the agricultural crop, the chlorine chemical must be injected in the right
volumes and with the proper injection techniques. This article offers instructions on how to use
chlorine to remove microorganism buildup that inhibits irrigation systems.

Biological treatment of Irrigation;

This study was done to look at microorganisms that can be employed to stop biological
components from clogging drip irrigation systems. Water samples taken from drip irrigation
systems in tomato greenhouses in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey in the spring of 2001
yielded a total of 121 bacterial strains and 25 fungus isolates. Application of the microorganisms
(fungi and bacteria) obtained in the study resulted in experimentally-proven biological blockage
of emitters in a model drip irrigation system.
References

[ "National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Nigeria),"

1 Wikipedia, 25 September 2022. [Online]. Available:
] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environmental_Standards_and_Regulations_Enforcem
ent_Agency_(Nigeria). [Accessed 9 october 2022].

[ "Functions of NESREA," proguide, [Online]. Available: https://proguide.ng/functions-of-

2 nesrea/. [Accessed 09 october 2022].
]

[ "COMPARISON AND CONTRAST OF WHO DRINKING WATER STANDARD WITH

3 REGULATORY STANDARDS SUCH AS EU, USEPA, NESREA AND CANADA.,"
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https://www.academia.edu/12231266/COMPARISON_AND_CONTRAST_OF_WHO_DRIN
KING_WATER_STANDARD_WITH_REGULATORY_STANDARDS_SUCH_AS_EU_US
EPA_NESREA_AND_CANADA. [Accessed 09 October 2022].

[ "Biological wastewater treatment in aquaculture - more than just bacteria," researchgate,

4 january 2005. [Online]. Available: _more_than_just_bacteria_A_Comment. [Accessed 09
] october 2022].

[ "Treating Irrigation Water," Aggie Horticulture, [Online]. Available: https://aggie-

5 horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamental/greenhouse-management/treating-irrigation-water/.
] [Accessed 09 October 2022].

[ "Nigerian Industry Standard," [Online]. Available:

6 https://rivwamis.riversstate.gov.ng/assets/files/Nigerian-Standard-for-Drinking-Water-Quality-
] NIS-554-2015.pdf. [Accessed 2022 10 10].