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to a maximum of 150m / m and the speed of the shock absorber clamp will not
exceed 0.1 m / s.

The jaws of the shock absorbers shall be forged or cast aluminum alloy and shall
be designed to ensure that the shock absorbers do not damage the type of ground
wire or phase conductor to which they are applied.

Depending on the distance required between the first vibration damper and the
opening of the suspension clamp on the ground wire, or phase conductor, the
damper clamp will be sized taking into account its installation on the cable. guard
or phase conductor or on preformed protective gaskets.

For bolted clamps, the fixing screws shall be made of steel with a minimum tensile
force of 800 N / mm2 and shall be designed to facilitate mounting of the shock
absorber. The screws will be locked in an approved manner. The washers will be
stainless steel.

Elastomers or other non-metallic materials, if used, will have good resistance to

aging, good UV resistance and will be able to withstand temperatures from + 0 ° C
to + 55 ° C without modification of their essential properties. The materials will have
adequate resistance to ozone, ultraviolet radiation and air pollution over the entire
temperature range.

The shock absorbers should be designed so as not to accumulate water. If this is

not possible, they will have drainage holes with a minimum diameter of 6 mm. All
ferrous parts of the shock absorber components will be protected against corrosion.

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12. EARTHING SYSTEM

12.1. General
The route of the line extends partly over hilly terrain with predominance of red earth
and compact sand as well as massive rock and boulders. This environment is not
favorable to the earthing of pylons. The contractor will carry out a simple earthing
with improvement if necessary to respect the required values of 10 ohms at most
for all types of soil, except for shallow rock for which the requirements will be 20
ohm at most.

Each pylon must be connected to the earth by means of an earthing system as

shown in plan TL-001. The grounding equipment will be delivered in advance, before
the other line equipment is dispatched in order to be able to carry out the foundation
work.

The design and testing will generally correspond to EN 50341-1: 2012 and IEEE 80-
1986 standards.

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12.2. Simple MALT

The galvanized steel strip 40x6 MALT cable will be connected to the feet of the
pylon on two diagonally opposed bases, fixed by a MALT shoe, at the level of the
chimney 10 cm above the slab.

It will also be connected to the foundation trellis. To include the reinforcing steel of
the foundations in the grounding of the pylons, the vertical reinforcing bars will be
electrically connected inside the concrete by a steel strip loop which will also be
welded / screwed to the ground. angle of the base.

Other grounding connections will also be made to include the horizontal reinforcing
mesh at the bottom of the foundation.

Wherever different materials are to be connected, bimetallic transition plates must

be inserted to be sure to avoid any electrolytic action (corrosion).

To avoid any vandalism, the MALT cable must be embedded in the chimney. This
cable will be housed in suitable plastic sheaths extending from the top of the
foundation cap down to 1.0 m below ground level.

The MALT cable will be buried in the ground so as to make a ring around the
foundation at a minimum of 1.0 m below the surface and 1.0 m away from other
foundations.

The earthing material to be provided will be as specified in the Technical Data

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Sheets.

12.3. Improvement of MALT

After installation of the earthing system but before unwinding the conductors or
ground cables, the Contractor will measure the earth resistance of each pylon
structure and, if the specified values could not be reached, he will carry out land
improvements as shown below:

 By connecting copper-plated steel earth rods to the end of the earth conductor
loop,
 By installing a second earth conductor loop,
 By radially connecting an earth cable in a diagonal direction the two diagonally
opposite sockets,
 By radially connecting an earth cable in a diagonal direction to the 4 pylon
bases,
 By making grounding ditches with MAT,
 MAT: Earth Improvement Material

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 If the measured resistance is higher than the limit values after extension of the
artificial earthing system, earthing ditches at least 1.5 m deep will be made and
filled with earth improvement material . An earth stake will be driven into the
well once filled and connected to the man-made earthing system by an
additional earth conductor.

All earth improvements will be routed 1.0m underground to the respective

foundations and connected underground by earth connectors to the primary
earthing system.

After the implementation of the improvements, the Contractor will redo resistance
measures at all the points concerned.

If the measured resistance is higher than the limit values after extending the
earthing system, earthing ditches at least 1.5m deep will be made and filled with
earth improvement material. An earth stake will be driven into the well once filled
and connected to the man-made earthing system by an additional earth conductor.

After installing additional grounding, the Contractor will measure the resistance
again at all affected locations.

12.4. Specific MALT

For pylon locations with free and frequent access by people (residential areas,
campsites, playgrounds, etc.) it is necessary to make guard rings and check the

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contact and step voltages.

For the safety of the public, this guard ring consists of a closed earthing ring must
be buried around the feet of the pylons to a depth of 0.6 m at a distance of 1 m
from the metal trellis. This ring will be connected to improve the grounding of the
pylon.

If considered necessary, a second guard ring will be installed at a depth of 0.8m

and at a distance of 5m from the first guard ring.

If the MO and / or the Engineer has advised the Contractor to install a guard ring
at certain pylons, the latter will perform calculations to prove the safety limits of the
step and contact voltages. These calculations will be carried out according to
approved standards and will be subject to the approval of the MO and / or the
Engineer.

After installing additional guard rings, the Contractor will measure the resistance
again at all affected locations.

12.5. Final acceptance of the pylon earthing resistance

The individual earthing resistance of the pylons measured in the dry season must
not exceed the limit resistance values below according to the natural resistivity of
the soil:

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Ground resistivity >

<100 100-500 500-1000 1000-2000
[Ωm] 2000

Earth resistance [Ω] 10 15 20 25 30

13. TESTING

13.1. General
The Employer / Employer's Representative is entitled to participate in tests and
inspections, and the Contractor will bear all costs and expenses of testing and
participation according to the tariffs. The Contractor shall inform the Employer /
Employer's Representative in writing not less than 45 days in advance of the date
of the testing of the equipment. The test program shall demonstrate the test
procedures in order to justify the specified technical conditions and shall be subject
to the approval of the Employer before the start of the tests.

Additional tests may be requested by the Employer / Employer's Representative to

ensure that the required quality is met. The Contractor will provide all labor,
material, equipment and competent and authorized personnel necessary for the

This document is the property of Tractebel Engineering SA Any copying or transmission to third parties is prohibited without prior agreement.
tests.

Equipment calibration is considered included. Six (6) copies of the test reports and
/ or certificates must be provided presenting all the necessary results and
information.

If the Employer / Employer's Representative waives participation in the trial, this

will not exempt the Contractor from his full responsibility for compliance with the
required quality and completion of the works, nor will not infringe or affect the rights
of the Employer / Employer's Representative set forth in this contract.

13.2. Pylons

13.2.1. Assembly tests

A pylon of each type and height, including all combinations of shaft extensions,
must be subjected to a workshop assembly test so that any different component of
the same type has been assembled or mounted at least one times.

The test will be carried out with the participation of the Employer / Employer's
Representative.

The purpose of assembly and erection tests is to detect and correct in the workshop
any defect likely to cause assembly difficulties of structural elements during their

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assembly on site. Reaming uneven holes will not be allowed. A reasonable number
of rivet hole widenings will be allowed on the fixture.

If any errors in the drawings or in the workmanship are discovered, all incorrect
drawings shall be reviewed and the corrected parts shall be remanufactured and
reassembled at the Contractor's expense. All revised drawings will need to be
resubmitted for approval.

The Contractor may, at his convenience, carry out erection and assembly tests by
section, provided that the fit of the connection between two consecutive or adjacent
sections is verified.

The assembly tests must be carried out with completely fabricated members, either
before or after galvanizing and using the same screws and hardware as those
specified in this document.

13.2.2. Load tests (type tests)

The pylon loading tests will be carried out in accordance with standard IEC 60652
in the presence of the Employer / Employer's Representative.

The detailed test methodology, including the load cases selected for the tests, will
be submitted to the MO and the Engineer for approval before starting them. The
minimum number of load cases to be foreseen for the pylon tests is 5 and will be
the determining load cases

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Structural parts, subjected to load tests, will not be used in line or in spare parts.

After the good result of the load test, the pylon will be subjected to the destruction
test.

The load tests will be carried out for each pylon with the highest extension and the
longest 4 feet.

The test pylons will be galvanized and identical to those provided for in the project.

The test loads will be the theoretical loads multiplied by the corresponding partial
safety factors and by the material factor for the chord sections.

To)Pylon

The pylon shall be constructed according to the approved detailed drawings as close
as possible to the final production procedures. The pylons will be complete in every
detail. The markings for the frames intended for the tests will be prefixed with the
letter "T".

b)Building

The tower will be erected on a rigid foundation using the specified tower bolts and
nuts reinforced to the specified torque.

The pylons can be mounted horizontally and fixed in a rigid foundation block.

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vs)Slinging

The Contractor shall submit for approval the diagrams showing the proposed
methods of applying loads and measuring deflections.

d)Charged

The test loads shall be the theoretical service loads multiplied by the corresponding
partial safety factors for the loads and materials. All the test loads corresponding to
the loads of the conductors and ground cables must be applied directly to the
attachment points of the conductors and ground cables.

The test wind loads equivalent to the wind loads on the pylon shall be applied where
appropriate and in such a way that the locations and summations of the applied
load and the overturning moment are as close as possible to actual conditions, as
planned.

An additional compressible element is not permitted for use in the application of

wind loads on the pylon. In order to ensure the application of full test loads to the
pylon, the frictional losses in the wiring will need to be calculated and added to the
wiring loads.

The first load case in an 'Angle' type corner tower test program shall be the one
that produces the greatest stud resistance. If the following load cases also give
sufficiently high upright strength, the pylon bolts on the main joints should be
loosened and re-tightened prior to testing to reduce residual loads.

This document is the property of Tractebel Engineering SA Any copying or transmission to third parties is prohibited without prior agreement.
e)Charging program

The Contractor shall schedule the tests for the determining load cases in order to
demonstrate in the most favorable way that the pylons will support all the
theoretical loads and the conditions specified in the load diagrams.

f)Deformation measurements

Deformations should be recorded at the start and end of each load period to provide
longitudinal and transverse deformations at the top of the pylon, at the height of
the brackets and at least one intermediate point of the pylon shaft.

g)Load tests

The loads initially applied and the load increase will be 25% of the service loads
given in the load diagrams.

However, the load increases must be done in accordance with IEC 60652. Each load
increase will be maintained for not less than two minutes except under full
theoretical load, where the period of five minutes must be maintained and during
this time there is no will be no decrease or adjustment of charges. If it becomes
necessary to adjust the load, the two or five minute period should begin after the
load is stabilized and constant.

All test loads will be completely removed before test loads under different load
conditions are applied. Maximum normal conditions or the most critical load case

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shall be the last test to be performed in the presence of the Employer / Employer's
Representative.

The Load Cell Calibration will be carried out before and after each test or series of
tests in the presence of the Employer / Employer's Representative.

h)Destruction test

After successful completion of the load tests, the pylon will then be tested to
destruction by increasing the loads for a given load case, as specified / approved by
the Employer / Owner's Representative. 'Work. Load increases should not exceed
5% of the total theoretical load. Each increase in load should be held for at least
five minutes during which the deformations will be recorded. The maximum test
load may be limited to 1.3 times the total theoretical load or the load capacity of
the test center.

i)Modification of pylon components

Any suspicious softening or permanent deformation or any defect of any part of the
pylon under one of the specified tests shall be considered as a defect. If a defect
develops, the Contractor shall modify the pylon design and submit it to the Employer
/ Employer's Representative for approval. The modified pylon will then have to be
re-tested.

The expenses associated with the new design and the new tests due to a defect in
the work of the Contractor shall be borne by the Contractor.

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j)Materials testing

The steel materials used for the test pylons shall be subjected to tension or
curvature tests according to the appropriate material standard. The tests must be
carried out by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Client. Test specimens
should be selected as follows:

 four selected lots from the destroyed members of each test tower
 four selected lots from undisturbed members of each test tower
 two sets of bolts and nuts selected from the destroyed adjoining members of
each test tower
 two sets of bolts and nuts randomly selected from each test tower.

k)Reports

The Contractor shall provide certified copies of the complete reports of all pylon and
material tests, the calibration of dynamometers or gauges, including clear
photographs of the test sites and the nature of all defects, diagrams showing the
deformation pylons at each load interval, detailed diagrams showing how all loads
were applied and recording of deformations. The report must comply with at least
IEC 60652.

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