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I. Bacterial Morphology
Introduction
Representative Microorganisms
1. Cocci
1.1 Staphylococci Staphylococcus aureus
1.2 Streptococci Streptococcus pyogenes
1.3 Diplococci Streptococcus pneumoniae
1.4 Tetrads Gaffkya tetragena
1.5 Sarcinae Sarcina lutea

2. Bacilli
2.1 Streptobacilli Bacillus subtilis
2.2 Diplobacilli
2.2.1 snapping Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2.2.2 slipping Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2.3 Coccobacilli Escherichia coli
2.4 Vibrio Vibrio cholerae

3. Spiral
3.1 Spirilla Campylobacter jejuni
3.2 Spirochete Treponema pallidum, Borrelia spp.

1. Cocci (Spherical)
1.1 Staphylococci - cocci that divide in two or more planes to form clusters or grape-
like masses. (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus)

1.2 Streptococci - cocci that divide in single plane and cling end to end to form chains.
(e.g. Streptococcus pyogenes)
 1.3 Diplococci - cocci that divide in single plane so as to form pairs
(e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae)

1.4 Tetrads - cocci that divide in two planes so as to form groups of four
(e.g. Gaffkya tetragena)

1.5 Sarcinae - cocci that divide in two planes so as to form packets of eight
(e.g. Sarcina lutea)

2. Bacilli (Rods)
2.1 Streptobacilli - bacilli that occur in chains (e.g. Bacillus subtilis)

2.2 Diplobacilli - bacilli that occur in pairs

Snapping - bacilli that bend at point of division to give organisms arranged in the
form of a “V” (it may also appear as inverted V)
(e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
 Slipping - bacilli that divide and tend to arrange themselves side by side

2.3 Coccobacilli - short, thick, plump oval bacilli (e.g. Escherichia coli)

2.4 Vibrio - comma-shaped rods (e.g. Vibrio cholerae)

3. Spiral
3.1 Spirillum - a spiral whose long axis remains rigid when in motion
(e.g. Campylobacter jejuni)

3.2 Spirochete - a spiral whose long axis bends when in motion

(e.g. Borrelia species)
 (e.g. Treponema pallidum)

Bacterial Special Structures

1. Drawings of bacteria with flagella according to Messea’s classification of bacteria.

atrichous monotrichous lophotrichous

amphitrichous peritrichous

2. Drawings of spores as classified according to shape and position in the bacterial cell

Central spore Subterminal spore Terminal spore

 3. Examine a set of prepared slides of bacteria under oil immersion objective and draw the special
structures possessed by these bacteria

Spore Metachromatic granules

Flagellum Capsule

Conclusion: