1.

Use the deductive reasoning to show that this procedure always produces a number that
is equal to the original number: Pick a number. Add 3 to the number and multiply the
sum by 2. Subtract 6 from the product, then divide the result by 2.
Solution: Let n be the original number.
Add 3 to n: n+3
Multiply the sum by 2: (n+3)2 = 2n+6
Subtract 6 from the product: (2n+6)-6
Divide the difference by 2: (2n+6)-6/2 = n
Therefore, the given procedure produces a number equal to the original number.

2. Solve this Riddle:

Five friends have their gardens next to one another, where they grow three kinds of
crops: fruits (apple, pear, nut, cherry), vegetables (carrot, parsley, gourd, onion) and
flowers (aster, rose, tulip, lily).
Clues:
1. They grow 12 different varieties.
2. Everybody grows exactly 4 different varieties
3. Each variety is at least in one garden.
4. Only one variety is in 4 gardens.
5. Only in one garden are all 3 kinds of crops.
6. Only in one garden are all 4 varieties of one kind of crops.
7. Pears are only in the two border gardens.
8. Paul's garden is in the middle with no lily.
9. Aster grower doesn't grow vegetables.
10. Rose grower doesn't grow parsley.
11. Nuts grower has also gourd and parsley.
12. In the first garden are apples and cherries.
13. Only in two gardens are cherries.
14. Sam has onions and cherries.
15. Luke grows exactly two kinds of fruit.
16. Tulips are only in two gardens.
17. Apples are in a single garden.
18. Only in one garden next to the Zick's is parsley.
19. Sam's garden is not on the border.
20. Hank grows neither vegetables nor asters.
21. Paul has exactly three kinds of vegetable.

Who has which garden and what is grown where?

 Garden 1 Garden 2 Garden 3 Garden 4 Garden 5

OWNERS Hank Sam Paul Zick Luke

Pear Cherry Carrot Aster Pear

Apple Onion Gourd Rose Nut

Varieties
Cherry Rose Onion Tulip Gourd

Rose Tulip Rose Lily Parsely

3. Apply the Polya’s strategy to solve this problem:

An agency charged Php 20,000 for a 3-day and 2-night tour in Macau, and Php 25,000 for the
same tour with side trip to Hongkong. Ten persons joined the trip, which enable them to collect
Php 230,000. How many tourists made a side trip to Hongkong?
Solution:
Understand the problem: It is asked how many tourists, out of 10, made a side trip to Hongkong
that earned the agency Php 230,000.
Devise a plan: Using the trial and error method until the total is met.
Carry out the plan:

No. of tourist in Macau Trip No. of tourist with a side trip Total (Earnings)
to Hongkong

9 1 205 000

8 2 210 000

7 3 215 000

6 4 220 000

5 5 225 000

4 6 230 000
There are a total of 6 tourists who made a side trip to Hongkong.
4. A student teacher wants to divide a class into groups to work on a project. He'd like to
have somewhere between 4 and 6 students in each group, and wants every group to
have the same number of students. Find the group size that will accomodate a class of
27 students.
Solution:
27/4 is 6 with a remainder of 3 so it is not the answer.
27/5 is 5 with a remainder of 2 so it is not the answer.
27/6 is 4 with a remainder of 3 so it is not the answer.
There is no group size of 4,5, and 6 students that can accommodate a class of 27
students. However, if we consider the student teacher as a part of the class, that will
make a class size of 28.
28/4 is 7. Therefore, there are 7 groups of 4 that can accommodate the
whole class.