Session-3 Assignment

Name: UMANG HIRANI

Enroll No: 92200133025
AIM: To plot VI characteristics of PN junction diode.

Objective:
 To understand PN junction, Barrier potential, Cut-in voltage, Current flow in Forward
and Reverse bias (silicon and germanium) PN diode.
 To analyze the current flow in forward and reverse bias conditions.
 To analyze static and dynamic impedances in forward and reverse bias.
 To understand ideal model, simplified model and piecewise linear model for analysis
purpose.

Outcome: Students will be able to,

 Identify diode with anode and cathode terminals and learn the connections for forward
bias and reverse bias condition.
 Measure the voltage across diode and current through diode.
 Develop the I-V Characteristics of diode.
 Appreciate the importance of resistance of diode in forward bias and reverse bias
condition.

Components and Apparatus:

 Diode 1N4007
 100Ω Resistor
 DC power Supply
 Multimeters

Task-1 Tabulate V-I values for PN diode (Forward Bias and Reverse Bias) (simulate in Multi-
sim)Circuit Schematic:

Observation Table:
Forward Bias:
Supply Voltage Diode Forward Voltage Drop Diode Forward Current
Vs (Volts) Vd (mili-Volts) Id (mili-ampere)
0 0 0
0.1 99.981 0.00189
0.2 199.851 0.00190
0.3 298.968 0.00195
0.4 399.559 0.064
0.5 471.138 0.288
0.6 522.35 0.776
0.7 554.766 1.452
0.8 576.985 2.23
0.9 593.474 3.065
1 606.439 3.936
1.1 617.064 4.829
1.2 626.035 5.74
1.3 633.785 6.662
1.4 640.597 7.594
 1.5 646.669 8.533

Reverse Bias:
Supply Voltage Diode Reverse Voltage Drop Diode Reverse Saturation
Vs (Volts) Vd (Volts) Current
Is (nano-ampere)
0 0 0
1 -1 -32.987
2 -2 -33.988
3 -3 -34.989
4 -4 -35.99
5 -5 -36.991
6 -6 -37.992
7 -7 -38.993
8 -8 -39.994
9 -9 -40.995
10 -10 -41.996

Task-2 Plot VI Characteristics (from the table): (Plot using MS-excel or Libre)
Task-3 For the above VI characteristic draw the piece-wise linear model.

Task-4Calculate Static and Dynamic Resistance: (From readings of VI characteristics)

DC or Static Resistance:
Diode Forward Diode Forward Static Resistance
Voltage Drop Current RD
Vd (Volts) Id (mili-ampere) Ohms
0.2 0.001 200
0.4 0.064 6.25
0.7 1.452 0.482
AC or Dynamic Resistance:

Diode Forward Diode Forward Dynamic Resistance

Voltage Drop Current rd
∆Vd (Volts) ∆Id (mili-ampere) Ohms
0.2 – 0.4 0.064-0.001 137.000
0.4–0.7 1.452-0.064 216.138

Task 5: Find the cut in voltage in forward bias diode using graph. Kindly refer following
diagram for more details about cut-in-voltage.

Cut in voltage = 0.5V - 0.6v

Conclusion:
By this experiment we get to know in detail about the cut in voltage of forward biased pn junction diode
and also how a very small current in nA is developed in reverse biased pn junction diode.