ACOUSTICS

ACOUSTICS

AR. CHRISTOPHER P. COMA ,UAP,Mscm

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ACOUSTICS: PYTHAGORAS (6th century bc),
HISTORY • Greek philosopher whose experiments
on the properties of vibrating strings that
produce pleasing musical intervals were
of such merit that they led to a tuning
system that bears his name.

GALILEO
• Italian physicist, was the first scientist to
record the relationship between the
frequency of the wave to the pitch it
produces. Since the sound waves
produced by musical instruments vary in
pitch, this was a very significant
discovery.

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ACOUSTICS:
HISTORY

DA VINCI DISCOVER SOUND WAVES

• He is often credited with discovering
that sound travels in waves, allowing
Galileo to later on discover more
properties of sound waves.
• He was especially interested in
underwater acoustics, and
discovered this science in 1490 when
he inserted a tube into water and was
able to detect vessels by ear.

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ACOUSTICS:
HISTORY PIERRE GASSENDI (17th century)
• French scientist and philosopher who
made the earliest known attempt at
measuring the speed of sound in air.

WALLACE C. SABINE (1911)

professor of physics at Harvard
university laid the foundations of acoustic
engineering.

SABINE'S LAW
One square foot of 100% absorbing
material has a value of one imperial sabin,
and 1 square metre of 100% absorbing
material has a value of one metric sabin.

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 ACOUSTICS:
DEFINITION
and ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS
IMPORTANT • is the study of sound in homes and
OF ACOUSTICS other buildings and the design of those
structures for optimal acoustic
performance, including control of sound
transmission throughout the building,
maintaining conditions for good speech
intelligibility, and maintaining sound
isolation for speech privacy.

IMPORTANT OF ACOUSTICS IN
ARCHITECTURE
• Building acoustics can help to mitigate
the effects of noise disturbance which
can have negative effects on health,
wellbeing and general quality of life

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 ACOUSTICS: SPEED OF SOUND IN VARIOUS SUBSTANCES
SOUND SPEED

Temperature
Substance Speed (m/sec) Speed (ft/sec)
(°C)
CO2 0 258 816
CO2 35 274 900
Air 0 331.5 1,087
Air 20 344 1,130
Water Vapor 35 402 1,320
Helium 20 927 3,040
Hydrogen 0 1,270 4,165
Water 15 1,437 4,714
Steel - 5,000 16,400

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ACOUSTICS:
ACOUSTICAL FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE
PROPERTIES ACOUSTICAL PROPERTIES OF
OF BUILDINGS BUILDINGS OR ROOMS WITHIN
BUILDINGS:
• Reverberation Time
• Loudness
• Focusing
• Echelon Effect
• Resonance
• Noise
• Echo.

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF ACOUSTICALLY DEAD
ACOUSTICS:
SPACE
ACOUSTICALLY
• A room is said to be acoustically 'dead' when it
DEAD SPACE
contains a great deal of sound absorbing material,
TYPES OF
such that there is little or no REVERBERATION,
ACOUSTICS
and strong ATTENUATION of high frequencies.
• The extreme of this situation is the ANECHOIC
CHAMBER. Sound in a dead room will be dull and
lack PRESENCE.

TYPES OF ACOUSTICS
1.Environmental Acoustics
• is concerned with vibration and noise caused by
roadways.
2.Musical Acoustics.
• is concerned with the study of physics of music
i.e., how sounds are used to make music.

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 ACOUSTICS:
DIFFERENCE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOUND AND
BETWEEN ACOUSTICS
SOUND AND • The average human being can only hear
ACOUSTICS sounds between 20Hz-20kHz.
• Acoustics are the perception of sound
passing around, in, or through a given
medium(ex. air, room, guitar, water).
Sound absorption, dampening, diffusion,
comb filtering, reflection, etc.

• Sound like a light source, such as a light

bulb, the sun or a laser.
• Then, acoustics would be the mirrors,
lenses and various surfaces that reflect,
absorb and diffuse the light.
”.

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ACOUSTICS:
Common types
of acoustic TWO MOST COMMON TYPES OF
treatments ACOUSTIC TREATMENTS:
These include reflection, reverberation
and resonance.
• Reflection is a common problem in
many rooms.
• Reverberation is the problem that
occurs when multiple sound waves
bounce off of surfaces and congregate
together.
• Resonance is a common cause of
sound production in musical
instruments.

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ACOUSTICS:
SOUND
SOUND (PHYSICS)
• is produced in the form of a pressure
wave.
• When an object vibrates, it causes the
surrounding air molecules to vibrate,
initiating a chain reaction of sound wave
vibrations throughout the medium

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ACOUSTICS SOUND PRODUCED
Sound produce • is produced when an object vibrates,
creating a pressure wave.
• This pressure wave causes particles in
the surrounding medium (air, water, or
solid) to have vibrational motion.
• As the particles vibrate, they move
nearby particles, transmitting the sound
further through the medium.
• The human ear detects sound waves
when vibrating air particles vibrate small
parts within the ear.

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ACOUSTICS TYPES OF SOUND
TYPES OF 1.Audio
SOUND 2.Ultrasonic
3.Infrasonic
1.AUDIO
• range falls between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. This
range is important because its frequencies can be
detected by the human ear.

2.INFRASONIC WAVES (Infrasound)

• Have frequencies below 20 Hz, which makes them
inaudible to the human ear.
• Scientists use infrasound to detect earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions, to map rock and petroleum
formations underground, and to study activity in
the human heart.
• Despite our inability to hear infrasound, many
animals use infrasonic waves to communicate in
nature. Whales, hippos, rhinos,

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ACOUSTICS
TYPES OF TYPES OF SOUND:
SOUND 3.ULTRASONIC WAVES (ULTRASOUND)
• Sound waves that have frequencies higher than
20,000 Hz produce ultrasound.
• Because ultrasound occurs at frequencies outside
the human hearing range, it is inaudible to the
human ear.
• Ultrasound is most often used by medical specialists
who use sonograms to examine their patients’
internal organs.

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ACOUSTICS
SOUND
TRAVEL SOUND TRAVEL
Mediums
• We know that sound can travel through gases, liquids,
and solids.
• Sound moves most quickly through solids, because
its molecules are densely packed together.
• Sound moves similarly through water, but its velocity
is over four times faster than it is in air.
• The velocity of sound waves moving through air can
be further reduced by high wind speeds that dissipate
the sound wave’s energy.

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ACOUSTICS
END

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