ST.

PAUL’S HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL

CLASS XI PHYSICS, WEEK 12 NOTES

THERMAL EXPANSION AND CALORIMETRY

Heat: Heat is a form of energy which produces in us the sensation of warmth.

Temperature: the degree of hotness of a body.

Three scale of temperature:

1 Celsius scale: The melting point of ice at standard atmospheric pressure is regarded as 00 C
and the boiling point of water as 1000 C.

2. Fahrenheit scale: The melting point of ice at standard atmospheric pressure is regarded as
320 F and the boiling point of water as 2120 F.

3. Reaumer scale: The melting point of ice at standard atmospheric pressure is regarded as 00 R
and the boiling point of water as 800 R.

Q. What is the temperature for which the reading on Celcius and Fahrenheit scales are same?

Solution: Let x be the temperature, which has the same reading on Celcius and Fahrenheit
scales.
THERMAL EXPANSION:
RELATION BETWEEN α, β AND γ:
SPECIFIC HEAT: The specific heat of the material of a substance may be defined as the
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of the substance through 10 C.
LATENT HEAT (CHANGE OF STATE)

The latent heat of a substance may be defined as the quantity of heat required to change the
unit mass of the substance completely from its one state to another at constant temperature.

PRINCIPLE OF CALORIMETRY: The heat lost by the hot body must be equal to the heat
gained by the cold body.

Heat lost = heat gained

 TRANSFER OF HEAT
CONDUCTION: the transfer of heat is transmitted from one point to another through a
substance in the direction of fall of temperature without the actual motion of the particles of the
substance themselves.

APPLICATION OF CONDUCTIVITY IN EVERYDAY LIFE.

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

Consider a slab having parallel faces as shown in fig. Let A be the cross sectional area of each
of its two parallel faces. Supposethat the hot fdaces is at temperature T1 while the cold face is
at temperature T2. It is found that the amount of heat Q, which flows from the hot face to the
cold face is
Convection: It is the process by which heat is transmitted through a substance from one
point to another due to the bodily motion of the heated particles of the substance.

Application: 1. Convection plays an important role in ventilation and in the heating and cooling
systems of the houses.

2. Convection plays an equally important role in the formation of the tradewinds.

3. One of the many causes of monsoon in India is convection.

RADIATION: It is the process by which heat is transmitted from one place to another without
heating the intervening medium.

Example: the heat from the sun reaches the earth by the process of radiation after travelling
through millions of kilometres of vacuum.

BLACK BODY RADIATION: A perfect black body is which absorbs heat radiations of all
wavelengths which falls on it, and emits the full radiation spectrum on being heated.

WIEN’S DISPLACEMENT LAW:

STEFAN’S LAW:

GREENHOUSE EFFECT: