Name: Ingkoh, Fatima Adzra. A.

Date: April 29, 2022

Written Report in GED 118 - A

Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops and raising livestock. It
includes the preparation of plant and animal products for people to use and their distribution to
markets.

Agriculture provides most of the world’s food and fabrics. Cotton, wool, and leather are all
agricultural products. Agriculture also provides wood for construction and paper products. These
products, as well as the agricultural methods used, may vary from one part of the world to another.

History of Agriculture

Over centuries, the growth of agriculture contributed to the rise of civilizations.

Before agriculture became widespread, people spent most of their lives searching for food—
hunting wild animals and gathering wild plants. About 11,500 years ago, people gradually learned how
to grow cereal and root crops, and settled down to a life based on farming.

By 2,000 years ago, much of the Earth’s population had become dependent on agriculture.
Scholars are not sure why this shift to farming took place, but it may have occurred because of climate
change.

When people began growing crops, they also began herding and breeding wild animals. Adapting
wild plants and animals for people to use is called domestication.

The first domesticated plant was probably rice or corn. Chinese farmers were cultivating rice as
early as 7500 BCE.

The first domesticated animals were dogs, which were used for hunting. Sheep and goats were
probably domesticated next. People also domesticated cattle and pigs. Most of these animals had once
been hunted for hides and meat. Now many of them are also sources of milk, cheese, and butter.
Eventually, people used domesticated animals such as oxen for plowing, pulling, and transportation.

Agriculture enabled people to produce surplus food. They could use this extra food when crops
failed or trade it for other goods. Food surpluses allowed people to work at other tasks unrelated to
ffarming Agriculture kept formerly nomadic people near their fields and led to the development of
permanent villages. These became linked through trade. New economies were so successful in some
areas that cities grew and civilizations developed. The earliest civilizations based on intensive agriculture
arose near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia (now Iraq and Iran) and along the Nile River
in Egypt.tart of Agriculture
One of the major agricultural practices is vegetable farming.

Vegetable farming is a type of crop production intended primarily for human consumption of the
crop’s edible parts such as the shoot, leaves, fruits, and roots. According to the consume part of the
crop, vegetables are divided into the following groups:

Leaf vegetables (lettuce, cabbage, spinach)

Fruit vegetables (pepper, cucumber, tomato)

Root vegetables (carrot, radish, sweet potato)

Bulb vegetables (garlic, onion, fennel)

Flower vegetables (artichoke, cauliflower, broccoli)

Vegetable farming, Growing of vegetable crops, primarily for use as human food. Vegetable
farming operations range from small patches of crops, producing a few vegetables for family use or
marketing, to the great highly organized and mechanized farms common in industrialized countries.

10 Steps to Starting a Vegetable Garden

To get started, here are 10 steps recommended by the National Gardening Association.

1. Choose the right location

Choose a location for the garden that has plenty of sun, ample space and close proximity to your hose or
water source. Find a level area to help prevent erosion.

2. Select your veggies

Decide what produce to include based on your climate, space, tastes and level of expertise. Newcomers
may want to consider some of the easier crops to grow, like carrots, beans, cucumbers, peppers and
lettuce.

3. Prepare the soil

Mix compost and natural fertilizers into your garden to condition the soil for your plants. Garden-supply
stores can test the acidity of your soil and recommend supplements, or you can simply purchase
specially made soil in bulk.

4. Check planting dates

Growing conditions and ripening cycles are different depending on the plant and the season, so you
should not sow all the seeds at the same time. Planting dates can be found on seed packets. Review the
ideal conditions for each veggie you want to plant before creating a gardening schedule.

5. Plant the seeds

Place your seeds or plants into the soil, following the depth and spacing directions carefully.

6. Add water

Gently spray the garden with water to keep the soil evenly moist throughout the growing season.
Purchase a spray nozzle for your hose so you can create a gentle rain-like mist for your garden.

7. Keep the weeds out

Mulching is the most effective way to prevent weeds. Add a 2- to 4-inch-thick layer of organic mulch to
your garden to keep the weeds from overtaking your crops. If weeds do appear in the garden, grab them
low on their stems and yank sharply, making sure to extract the entire root.

8. Give your plants room to grow

Check the spacing guide on the seed packets and be sure to remove crowded seedlings right away.

9. Fertilize as needed

Lightly till the soil by hand and add fertilizer to keep it rich. You can purchase prepared garden fertilizer
or make your own from items like Epsom salt, eggshells, fish tank water and kitchen compost.

10. Reap what you sow

Harvest vegetables when they’re young and tender—but only pick them when you plan to use them.
Pull root crops as soon as they reach edible size. Collect leaf crops by cutting them to within 2 inches of
the ground. Finally, enjoy your harvest!

Anyone can plant squash successfully. Just follow these easy steps to give your plants a solid
start.

Step 1

After working in fertilizer or soil amendments, make a mound of soil about 3 inches high and 18 inches
wide. This is for good drainage and warmth in the spring when the soil can still be cool.

Step 2:
Set two or three summer squash plants 4 to 6 inches apart in the mound. Water gently with a watering
can or gentle spray of a hose immediately after planting. Space mounds about 3 to 4 feet apart. Winter
squash, which produce longer vines, need at least 4 feet between mounds, but 6 feet is better.

Step 3:

Mulch plants lightly a couple days after planting.

 Healthy squash plants need good drainage, something planting in mounds will help provide.