NAME:_________________________________________________CLASS:__________________

FIRST TERM: E-LEARNING NOTES

JS 1 (BASIC 7)

SUBJECT: PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK TOPIC

1. Meaning and objectives of physical and health (a) Meaning of (i) Physical Education (ii)
Health Education (b) Scope of Physical Education – Instructional level, Intramural level,
Inter-collegiate level.
2. Scope of Health Education – Personal, School, Community, Industrial and Occupational
((d) objectives of Physical and Health Education: (i) physical development (ii) mental
development (iii) social and emotional development.
3. History and Development of Physical and Health Education (a) Pre-colonial physical
education (b) History of formal physical education in Nigeria (c) Development of physical
education in Nigeria (d) History of health education in Nigeria (e) Development of health
education in Nigeria.
4. Field Events: (a) Pole vault skills – grip ,pole carrying run-up, take off, hang, swing, pull-up
and turn, push-up and clearance. (b) Throws- Basic throwing skills in discus and shot put-
grip, stance, throw, release, follow through the sector.
5. Ball Games: (a) History and development of Volleyball and Soccer. (b) Basic skills and
techniques of the games. (c) Application of rules and regulations governing the games.
6. Ball Games: (d) Officials of the games and their functions. (e) Facilities and equipment. (f)
Values of ball games. (g) court/pitch specifications (dimensions).
7. Pre-colonial Sport/Traditional Sports: (a) Types of traditional sports.(i) Boat regatta (ii)
Local wrestling (iii) Abula (iv) Langa (b) Origin and significance of pre- colonial sports.
8. Pre-Colonial Sport/Traditional Sports: (c) Description, facilities ,equipment, rules,
regulations, techniques, and officials of traditional sports (Boat regatta, Local wrestling,-
kokowa ,ijakadi) (d) Description, facilities, equipment, rules, regulations, techniques and
officials of Abula. (e) Description, facilities, equipment, rules, regulations, techniques and
officials of Langa.
9. Revision.
10. Examination.

WEEK 1

Date:…………………………

Topic: Meaning of Physical education:

Physical Education is an integral part of the total process of education that make use of selected and
properly conducted physical activities in the development and maintenance of the whole individual.
Physical Education is the education that is concerned with the physical development of a person but it
does not develop the body alone, it also develops other areas of human life.

Meaning of Health Education:

Health Education consists of all leaning experiences which influence the individual’s knowledge,
habits and attitudes towards the promotion and maintenance of ones health, that of the family and
the community.
“Health” as defined by World Health Organization (WHO). ‘Health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well being of an individual and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Scope of Physical Education.

Physical Education covers a wide area which includes games, athletics, physical training, dancing, free
play, camping, mountaineering, sailing, aquatics, gymnastics, skiing. etc. At the higher levers of
education , physical education include anatomy and physiology, psychology, kinesiology, history and
sociology of sports, other areas include sports medicine and music.

WEEK 2

Topic: Scope and objectives of physical and Health Education.

Content: (a) Scope of Health Education.

(b) Objectives of physical and health Education.

Scope of health Education.

Health education exposes students to skills, knowledge and attitude that help them to keep body safe
and healthy. Health education therefore covers areas like safety and first aid, drug education
community health, consumer health, diseases, environmental health, sex education, food and nutrition,
personal health and family planning.

Objectives of physical and Health Education

(i) Physical development; i.e. helps to develop the muscle of the body through selected activities.
(ii) Development of Emotional, Social and Moral fitness: Physical education contributes greatly
in controlling the individual’s feeling of anger, hostility and aggression both in sports and in our
daily lives.
(iii) Development of the wise use of leisure time.
(iv) Development of motor and safety skills.
(v) Intellectual development
(vi) Development of acceptable health habits
WEEK 3
Date:………………….
Topic: History and development of physical and health education.
Content: (a) Pre-colonial physical education.
(b) History of formal physical education in Nigeria
(c) Development of physical education in Nigeria

Pre-colonial Physical Education

The history of physical education in Nigeria is as old as Nigeria. As various communities settled down
to life, they engaged in various forms of physical activities consciously and unconsciously. They
engaged in activities such as horse riding, canoeing, fishing, hunting, trees climbing, dancing and
wrestling. The use of bow and arrow, moon light games, hide and seek games for children and
swimming were other activities performed by the early Nigerians.

History of formal physical education in Nigeria

Modern PHE started when the colonial masters and Christian missionaries came to Nigeria. The aim
was to develop fitness for police and others. School was seen as the best stadium where this
philosophy could be easily passed across. The trend of development of PHE in Nigeria followed a
systematic movement from the informal, unorganized pattern to when PHE was organized in form of
physical training and military drills. It was aimed at training a strong and disciplined individual.

Development of physical education in Nigeria

The first recorded sports / games competition was held in December 24th 1884.It was organized by the
Lagos Education Board to mark the close of the school year with athletics and dance. Henry Carl
suggested children should be trained to be kind , gentle and occupied to protect them from the streets.

A Physical and Health Education syllabus was developed to replace military drills in 1904. In 1919
and 1933, the syllabus was revised. PHE started as a course of higher learning in Nigeria college of
Arts, Science and Technology, Zaria ( which became Ahmadu Bello University later).

The first indigenous syllabus was introduced in 1945 by H. Ekperiegin. Today, Physical Education is
offered as a course of study up to the PHD level in many universities in Nigeria and there are many
professors of physical and health education such as Professors Ajisafe, Omoruah, Adedeji, Eboh,
Morakinyo, Ikulayo and many more. The Promulgation of decree No 34 of 1971 by the military
regime to establish the National Sports Commission helped to boost physical education. It is now
known that through physical education, sporting skills are developed.

The Nigerian Association for PHE is NAPHER-SD meaning Nigeria Association for Physical, Health
Education and Recreation-Sports and Dance.

Evaluation
1. State 3 Pioneers of PHE in Nigeria.
2. What are the differences between traditional and modern PHE ?

Reading Assignment:
Essential of PHE for Junior Secondary School book 1 by Akinseye Saint Erazmus, PP 8-10
Weekend Assignment

Objective Test
1. One of the following was not an activity of ancient PHE (a)wrestling (b) fighty (c)
hunting
2. Ancient Olympic was revived by (a)Plato (b) Baron Pierre of Nigeria (c) Baron Pierre
de coubet
3. One of these introduced the first lndigenous syllabus in 1945 (a)Ekperigin (b)
Okocha (c) Adedeji.

Theory
1. Briefly describe the development of PHE in Nigeria.
2.Who is Henry Carl?

WEEK4
Date:………………………

Topic: Athletics
Content: (a) Meaning and History of Athletics
(b) Field Event (Throws and Jumps)
(c) Pole Vault – skills and techniques.
(d) Discuss and shot put – skills and techniques.

Meaning and History Of Athletics

Athletics: means running on a flat surface or over obstacles. Athletics include track and field event.
History – Athletics actually began during the time of early men when they were forced to run , jump,
climb trees and mountains, throw sticks and stones, swim, dance and wrestle in order to obtain their
food or to protect their lives from dangers. The first organized athletics meeting was held in 776 B.C.
It was known as Olympic games. It comes up every four years. In 394 A.D, Emperor Theodosus
banned the festival i.e. Olympic games but it was revived in 1896 by Baron Pierre de Coubertin- a
French lover of sports who is known as the father of modern Olympics.

The International Amateur Athletics Federation (I.A.A.F) with its headquarters in London is the
international body that regulates the rules of Athletics. The modern form of athletics in Nigeria was
brought by the colonial masters in 1944, the Athletics federation of Nigeria was formed. Presently the
body responsible for the control and regulation of the Game is A.A.A.N – Amateur Athletics
Association of Nigeria.

Athletics is divided into 2 major groups: (i) Track events and (ii) Field events
Field Events:

Field events consist of the jumps and the throws. The Jumps involve vertical and horizontal. The
vertical jumps are high jump, pole vault while horizontal (distance) jumps are long jump and triple
jump.

There are four throwing events. They are shot put, discus, javelin and hammer.

Evaluation
1. What is Athletics?
2. List the two division of Athletics with examples.

Sub-Topic: Pole Vault

Pole vaults skills and techniques - Pole vault is a field events which involves jumping over a
horizontally placed obstacles (bar) that is supported by two uprights. The competitor is called a
Pole-vaulter. It is a sporting event performed by both male and female athletics. A pole-vaulter should
possess the following qualities:-
(i) Flexibility,
(ii) Agility,
(iii) Speed,
(iv) Concentration,
(v) Determination,
(vi) Muscular strength and
(vii) Courage.

Skills in Pole Vault

1. The grip
2. Pole Carryings
3. Run Up
4. Take off
5. Hang
6. Swing Up
7. Pull Up and Turn
8. Clearance and landing

Discus
Discus is a field event which involves throwing a missile called discuss for a horizontal distance. A
competitor is allowed three trials, the throwing is made from within a throwing circle of 2.50m to a
landing sector of 40o.

Discus Sector.

Basic Skills of Discus

i. Grip
ii. Stance
iii. Throws
 iv. Release
v. Follow through the sector
vi. Recovery

Note:- The discus must land within the landing sector which is 40o and both legs must be behind the
metal rim.

Shot Put

Shot put is a field event that involve the putting of a missile called the sector for a horizontal distance.
A competitor is allowed three trials. The put is made from within a circle of 2.135m to a landing
sector of 40o.

Shot put sector.

Basic Skills of Shot Put

a. The hold
b. The stance
c. The Glide
d. The Put or Delivering
e. The Finish or Recovery

The types of putting the Shot

1. The standing put
2. The side shift put
3. The drive or glide.

Note that the shot must land within the landing sector.

Evaluation
1. Differentiate between Pole Vault and shot put.
2. State two similarities between shot put and discus.
3. Mention 3 quality of a pole-vaulter.

Reading Assignment
Essentials of PHE for junior secondary schools book I by Akinseye S.E.pp.24-27.

Weekend Assignment
1.The landing sector for discuss and shot put is (a) 60o (b) 50o (c) 40o
2. One of these is not a quality of a pole-vaulter (a) speed (b) Academic ability (c) Flexibility.
3. Field events involve jumps and throws. (a) Yes (b) No (c) No idea.
4. Running over obstacles or flat surface is called (a) Running race (b) Athletics (c) Field game
5. All the following are field events except (a) Hurdles (b) High jump (c) Pole vaults.

Theories
1. List the skills of discuss
2. Draw and label the shot put landing sector.

WEEK 5

Topic: Ball Games

Content: (a) Volley ball

(b) History and Development
(c) Basic Skills and Techniques
(d) Rules and Regulations
(e) Officials and their functions
(f) Facilities and equipments (court and dimension)

Volley ball

Volley ball was invented by William Morgan in America in 1895. The International volley ball
Association was formed in 1947. Volley ball became an Olympic game 1964 and was first played at
the Olympic game in Tokyo, Japan.

The Nigeria Volley ball Federation was formed in 1970 with Dr. J.C Omoruwa as its first chairman.It
is a game played between two teams of 6 players each. It can be played by both sexes.

Basic Skills and Techniques

1. The service (under Arm, Tennis, over head and windmill service).
2. The Volleying
3. Digging
4. Spiking
5. Blocking
6. Set-up
7. Dink shot.

Rules and regulations of the game

1. All matches consists of 3 out of 5 games
2. The choice of court or service is decided by a toss of a coin.
3. Teams change courts after every game or set except in the deciding game when terms change
courts at 8 points.
4. The game is started with a service behind the base line.
5. A player is not allowed to play the ball twice, in succession, however a team can play thrice in
succession.
6. A ball is out when there is a double foul.
7. A service is retaken if there is a double foul.
8. A game is won when one team leads by 2 points with 25 points aggregate.

Note:- Any team can score a point whether the team is serving or receiving.
Officials and their functions

1.One Referee
2. One Umpire
3. One Scorer
4. Two Linesmen

The Referee
He has authority over players and officials
His decision is final.
He penalizes violations made by players, captains and coaches.

The Umpire
He is the assistant to the referee.
He supervises the rotational order and position of the players
He authorizes substation reputed.
He keep the official time of time – outs.
He notifies the referee of any crossing the centre line.

The Scorer
He keeps the record of the players name and numbers.
He record the scorers.
He notes all time – outs.
He supplies the referee with relevant information at all times.

The Linesmen
They are placed by the base line diagonally opposite each other to watch and indicate with their flags,
when the bill is out or in.

Note:- In volley ball game, all line bill is good.

Facilities and equipment

1. The Facilities Are:- The court, the net support and the referee’s stand.
The Equipment Are:- The ball, the net, whistle , score board, score sheets, wear for players.
Court /pitch specification (Dimension)
Court - Rectangular in shape.
Dimension is 18m by 9m .
Height of the net man – 2.43m . woman – 2.24m
Length of front court – 3m.
Length of back court – 6m.

Evaluation :-
1. Who invented volley ball game ?
2. What is the dimension of a volley ball court ?
3. How many players play the game of volley ball ?
Reading Assignment
Essential of PHE for junior secondary school book 1 by Akinseye S.E
Pp 17 – 46
WEEK 6
Topic :- Bell Game (soccer)
Content:- (a) History and Development.
(b) Basic skills and techniques
(c) Rules and regulations
(d) Officials and Regulations
(e) Facilities and equipment
(f ) Court / pitch specification (Dimensions).
History And Development Of Soccer
The true origin of soccer is difficult to determine but soccer otherwise known as football could be
linked to the Greeks and Romans. The game was later brought to England by the Romans Soldiers. In
1863,the London Football Association established the first set of rules of the game .The English called
it “Association Football”, while the Americas called it “soccer”.
Modern football was brought to Nigeria Football Associations (.N.F.A) was established in 1945.The
body responsible for the rules of the game is F.1. F.A ie. Federation of International football
Association. It was founded in 1904 in Zurich – Sintzer land.
Soccer in an international game played by 2 team of 11 players aside. Substitutes of 7-11 players are
allowed depending on the governing body .A player can play the ball with any part of the body except
the hand and arms. However, this does not apply to the goal keeper in started with a “ place kick” in
the centre circle of a rectangular field having goal –areas, penalty areas, corner areas, and the goals.
Basic Skill and Techniques
Skill involved in soccer are:.
_ Kicking.
_ Passing.
_ Dribbing
_Throw-in
_Trapping
_Heading
_Tackling.
_Goal-keeping
Rule and Regulations
(a)The 10 penal offences are
-Kicking or attempt to kick an opponent
-Tripping an opponent
-Jumping at an opponent
-Changing an opponent dangerously
-Holding an opponent by hand or arm
-Striking or attempt to strike an opponent
-Handing the ball
-Pushing an opponent by hand or arm
-Using offensive, insulting or abusive language
-Tackle an opponent in a dangerous manner
(b) Off-side rule –A player is said to be off-side when he is nearer to his opponents goal line than the
ball unless there are two or more defenders (apart from goal keeper) nearer their own goal line than
him.
(c) Penality Kick is awarded when any of the 10 penal offences is committed by the defending team
inside the “box eighteen”.
(d) Duration of Game;. Two equal periods of 45 minutes each. The interval at half time is 15 minutes
(e)Position of Players.
Number 1:. The goal keeper
2: the right full back
3: the left full back
4: the left half back
5: the centre half back
6: the right half back
7: the outside right
8: the inside right
9: the centre forward
10: the inside left
11: the outside left.
Officials and their functions
-The referee
-Two Assistant referees
-Match Commissioner
-Reserve referee
Referee
1. take full control of the game
2. caution players and keep a record of the game
3. his decision is final
4. act as time keeper and enforces rules and regulation of the game
5. reject unsuitable match equipment.
Assistant referee
Signal to the referees
1. when the ball is out of play
2. when there is a corner
3. when side is entitled to the throw-in
4. when a player is off-side
Facilities and Equipments
A. The field; maximum minimum
Length; 120m 110m
Width ; 90m 75m
B. The ball
C. Players shoes\Boot, jersey, strockings, short, shin guard.
D.Goal Post-Length 7.32m, Height 2.44m
E. Goal Net
F. Technical Equipments-Whistle , Red and Yellow card
Evaluations
1.What is another name for soccer ?
 2. List the eleven player with their full description.
Reading Assignment
Essentials of PHE for Junior Secondary School, book 1 by Akinseye S.E .PP.47-56.
Weekend Assignments
1. The Number 1 player in soccer match is called (a) centre man (b) Goal keeper (c) Outside right.
2. One of these is a skill in soccer (a) digging (b) trapping (c) passing
3. How many player makes a team in soccer (a)14 (b) 22 (11)
4. Which one is odd? (a) soccer (b) pole vault (c) volley ball
5. One of these is not a skill in volley ball (a)Trapping (b) Digging (c) volleying
Theories
1. List the 10 penal offences in soccer game
2. When is a player off-side in soccer game

WEEK 7
Topic ; Pre – Colonial sport/ Traditional sports
Content; (a) Types of traditional sports
(B) Origin and significance of the pre-colonial sports
Types of Traditional sports
They are ;
-Boat Regetta
-Local wresting
-Abula
-Langa
Origin and significance
A. Local wrestling
Traditional or local wresting is one of the oldest sport with history .In past times, ancient men
believes that wresting is fit for the gods. Traditional wrestling has various names like Ijakadi,
Kokawa, ngba , gidigbo etc. The greatest wrestler in a community is accorded respect in public
Places.
Significance
-For recreation ,
-For cultural transmission
-For health live
-For mental alertness
-For entertainment & source of income
(B) ABULA
The game of Abula was invented in 1984 by Elias Yusuf. Abvula literally means “cut to join”
This is bested on combination of skill of lawn tennis, volleyball and table tennis. The game is
played by a uniquely designed Abula bat and a playing court measured 16m by 8m over a net
2.44m high. The game is played by two teams of 4 player each .The game was recognized by
the N.O.C. and I .O.C in 1994. It is a regular feature at the biennial national sports festival in
Nigeria and the N.U.G.A.
The federal ministry of Education included Abula game in the school curriculum for primary
and Secondary Schools in Nigeria in the year 2001.It is simple to established and can be played
by both sexes
Significance
- for competition and recreation
- for physical fitness and entertainment
- for fun and enjoyment.
(d) Langa
Langa is a popular tradition sport that is commonly found among the Hausa/Fulani
ethnic group of the Northern part of Nigeria .It is also played among the Yoruba youths
as lakan laka without serious organized competition Langa is gradually speeding to the
southern part of Nigeria .It is also a sport that is approved for Primary Secondary School
Curriculum by the Federal Ministry of Education
Significance
- for recreational purposes
- for cultural transmission
- for entertainment
- for group activities
Evaluation;
1.Which year was Abula game invented?
2. Which tribe commonly play langa game ?
3. One of the following game is relevant to Abula game (a)lawn tennis (b) basketball.
Reading Assignment
Essential of PHE for Junior Secondary School Book 1 by Akinseye S.E.PP 62-68.

WEEK 8
Topic; pre-colonial sport / Traditional Sports(continueds)
Contents; Description, facilities, equipment, rules, regulations, techniques and officials
of traditional sports.
(a) Local Wrestling (Kokawa)
The play area should be
- on a sandy soil measuring 10 m in diameter
- Duration of play ; 3 rounds of 3 minutes each.
Players Winning
A player miss a bout when the following takes place
- obtain a single majority score
-an opponent surrender by raising up his hand
-by knocking down opponents

Knock Out – this is recorded when an opponent can no longer continue or when he over
stays the one minute interval;-
The officials ;- The official are ;- The referee , judges, time keeper, scorer stewards.
Note that the controlling body is Traditional sports Federation of Nigeria.

Abula
Facilities and Equipments
(a) The facilities are;-
-the court
-the net support
(b) The equipment are;-
- the ball
- the bat
- the net
- the whistle
- the score sheets
- the jerseys
- the canvas

(C)The skills and techniques

- bet holding
-bet movernment
- the pass
- the set up
- service (underarm, tennis service)
- receiving
- the retrieving
- the blocking
- the smoking
- the smashing
Note
Either team can score point whether serving or receiving.
A server will continues to serve until his team commit any of the faults in the rules of the
game which means that they loss the right to serve .It will be side – out for the other team
A match is won by the team that wins three sets
The officials
A match is conducted by
- the first referee
- the second referee
- one scorer
- two or four lines men
Langa
Langa is a one legged game .In this game the contestant holds one leg with his hand.
He supports himself on one leg .This contest involves off-balancing the opponent ,
forcing him to lose the grip of his foot. Pushing and pulling are allowed , the game can be
played either one against one or as a group contact .We only have male category for this
game.
Types of Events
There are 3 types of events
- Ruwa (event one)
- Tureshi (event two)
- Kawoshi (event three)
 Official
The Referee, umpire, recorded and destination supervisor
Note ;-The controlling body is traditional sports federation of Nigeria
Evaluation;-
1. List 3 equipment of Abula game.
2. What is Knock out Kokawa game?
3. State 5 skills and techniques of Abula game.

Reading Assignment;-
Essential PHE for Junior Secondary School book 1 by Akinseye S.E. pp. 62-68
Weekend Assignment;-
1. Find out the meaning of the following
(a) N.O.C
(b) I.O.C
(c) N.W.G.A
(d) T.S.F.N
2.List 8 skill and techniques of Abula game .

WEEK 9 _______ Revision

WEEK 10_______ Examination.