THE DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS AND THEIR OVERVIEW CLASSIFICATIONS

ALMUSTAPHA BABANGIDA DANGANI

PHARMACY DEPARTMENT, CAREER POINT UNIVERSITY KOTA, RAJASTHAN, INDIA.

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to explain the diversity of the living organism, its classification, and its
characteristics. The first chapter has explained the meaningful definition of diversion in a living world
and how it's been diverted. The second chapter talks about the basics of the classification of living
organisms and their arrangements. While the third chapter is all about the classification of living
organisms and their examples with pictures of some of the examples. And the last chapter is all
about classification and evolution.

Keywords: living organisms, Diversion, Classification, Characteristics.

INTRODUCTION.

Biodiversity term is used to define the diversity of life forms. When we are trying to define
biodiversity is a word more often used to refer to the variety of life forms found in a particular
geographic region. Biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular
habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important and desirable. When it comes to
the question of the number of living organisms found on the earth, the answer is inconceivable. This
is because of the large diversity of organisms continuously evolving into a different variety ever since
the origin of life had taken place. Diversity is present at different classes or levels like genetic classes,
species classes, and ecological classes. Apple alone has around 7,500 varieties. This alone example
indicates how large and diverse are the living organisms. Gaining knowledge about this large
diversity is impossible without classifying them. Thus, classification becomes an important step
toward the study of different organisms found on the earth. Diversity in living organisms can be
experienced everywhere on earth. The warm and humid regions of the earth are highly diverse and
are called the region of mega biodiversity. countries in the world have more than one biodiversity in
the world and brazil is one of them. Each individual has a unique DNA setup. We differ among
human beings in the way we look and different attributes contributing to it such as our height,
complexion, some physical features, etc. If we compare ourselves with a different species like a
donkey or crocodile, we would vary greatly in almost all aspects but if a horse is compared to a
zebra, we would be able to draw a few differences among them.

The Basic of Classification

The arrangement of the organisms in groups based on their similarities and differences

is known as the classification can be carried out based on the following factors:

•Presence of nucleus

•Body design – make up of cells (Multicellular organisms or single cells)

•Production of food
•Level of the organization in bodies of organisms carrying out photosynthesis

•In animals – an organization of one's body parts, development of body, specialized organs for
different functions.

These features can differ in both plants and animals as they differ in their body design. Hence, these
prominent designs and characteristic features can be used to make subgroups and not a broad
classification.

Two-Kingdom Classification

This system was proposed by Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who classified organisms into two types-
plants and animals.

Five-Kingdom Classification- This kingdom was proposed by Whittaker.RH (1969) divided the
organisms into five different classes:

•Monera

•Protista

•Fungi

•Plantae

•Animalia

Hierarchy of Classification

Carolus Linnaeus arranged the organisms into different taxonomic groups at different levels. The
groups from top to bottom are:

1. Kingdom

2. Phylum

3. Class

4. Order

5. Family

6. genetics

7. Species

Characteristics of Five Kingdom

Kingdom Monera

•These are unicellular prokaryotes.

•They lack a true nucleus.

•They may or may not contain a cell wall.

•They may be heterotrophic or autotrophic.

E.g., Bacteria, Cyanobacteria\

KINGDOM PROTISTA

•These contain unicellular, eukaryotic organisms.

•They exhibit an autotrophic or heterotrophic mode of nutrition.

•They possess pseudopodia, cilia, flagella for locomotion.

For e.g., amoeba, paramaecium

Kingdom Fungi

•These are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms.

•They exhibit a saprophytic mode of nutrition.

•The cell wall is made up of chitin.

•They live in a symbiotic relationship with blue-green algae.

E.g., Yeast, Aspergillus

Kingdom Plantae

•These are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms.

•The cell wall is made up of cellulose.

•They prepare their food utilizing photosynthesis.

•Kingdom Plantae is sub-divided into- Thallophyte, Bryophyta, Pteridophyte, Gymnosperms, and

Angiosperms’. Pines, ferns, Mango tree

Kingdom Animalia

These are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms without a cell wall.

They are heterotrophs.

The organisms in the kingdom Animalia can be simple or complex.

They are genetically diverse They exhibit an organ-system level of organization.

It is sub-divided into different phyla such as Porifera, Coelenterate, Echinodermata, Chordata, etc.

E.g., Earthworms, Hydra, etc.

Also read: The Living World

Classification and Evolution

Classification of organisms is closely related to evolution. Evolution is the changes that have
accumulated over the years in the body design of organisms for better survival. In 1859, Charles
Darwin first described the idea of evolution in his book 'The Origin of Species.

Listed below are inferences drawn when evolution is connected to classification:

•Lower' or 'primitive' organisms are the organisms having the ancient body type and seem to have
not changed over the years.
•n Higher' or 'advanced' organisms are those who are relatively recent and have acquired their
particular body designs.

But these terms cannot used be used in classifying organisms, hence we use terms like 'younger' and
'older' organisms as there is a possibility of witnessing changes with passing time due to an increase
in the complexity of body designs. Hence, we can simply say, older organisms are simpler compared
to younger organisms.

Also read: Cell

Diversity in Living Organisms is a fundamental topic introduced in the higher primary classes. We
have reintroduced content revamped for better understanding and comprehension, leading to the
creation of Diversity in Living Organisms Class 9.

CONCLUSION

In this article, we have studied and discussed the diversity, characteristics, and classification of the
living organisms where we defined the diversity and classify and mention the characteristics of each
of them and we find out that the living organism is classified into five classes.

REFERENCES

Carolus Linnaeus. (1707). two classifications of living organisms. Biju's online classes.

Whittaker. RH. (1969). five classifications of the living organisms. Biju's online classes.

Biju’s online classes academy (2011) Biju’s academy