AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

BANGLADESH
Faculty of Engineering
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Laboratory Title: Design and Implementation of Astable Multivibrator using 555 Timer
Experiment Number: 9 Due Date: 26-Nov-21 Semester: Fall 2021
Subject Code: EEE 647 Subject Name: Digital Logic and Circuit Lab Section: I
Course Instructor: Md. Ali Noor Degree Program: EEE
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Group Number (if applicable): Group Submission Only

Student Name Student ID

1. K.M. RAYHAN 18-38428-2
2. JANNATUL FERDOUS RIYA 18-36217-1
3. SOURAV PAUL 19-40386-1
4. MOHAMMAD NIRJON 18-38946-3
PATWARY
5. OVIZIT DAS JOY 18-37945-2
6. MD. TAMIM HOSSEN 19-39349-1
SEFAT
7. ALAM. MD MAHFUZ 18-38292-2
8. MD. MAHMUDUL HASAN 19-40751-1
Introduction:

The name of the timer comes from the three 5 kΩ resistors which are embedded in it [1]. This IC
gives precise time at the output which is must in the time related circuits. One of its basic
operations is to produce clock pulses with predefined frequency as an astable multivibrator.
Another operation is to work like a stop watch which is done in monostable mode. We will see
these two operations in this experiment. The following figure is the layout of the 555 Timer IC as
which allows us to focus on the functions of the circuit.

Figure 1: 555 timer IC Block Diagram

Figure 2: Pin configuration of the 555 timer IC

Theory And Methodology:

Astable Multivibrator: It is also called free running sinusoidal oscillator. An astable

multivibrator is simply and oscillator. The astable multivibrator generates a continuous
stream ofrectangular off-on pulses that switch between two voltage levels. The frequency
of the pulsesand their duty cycle are dependent upon the RC network values.

Figure 3: 555 timer connected as an astable multivibrator

The time that the output is high, TH is how long it takes C to charge from 1/3 of Vcc to 2/3
ofVcc. It is expressed as
TH = 0.7(RA + RB) C

The time that the output is low, TL is how long it takes C to discharge from 2/3 of Vcc to 1/3
of Vcc. It is expressed as

TL =0.7RBC

The Time period, T=TH+TL = 0.7 (RA+2 RB) C

Frequency of Oscillation f = 1/T = 1.44 (RA+2RB) C

Duty Cycle, D=TH/T=(RA+RB)/(RA+2RB) x100%

One shot multivibrator: In the one-shot mode, the 555 acts like a monostable multivibrator. A
monostable is said to have a single stable state--that is the off state. Whenever it is triggered by an
input pulse, the monostable switches to its temporary state. It remains in that state for a period of
time determined by an RC network. It then returns to its stable state. In other words, the monostable
circuit generates a single pulse of fixed time duration each time it receives and input trigger pulse.
Thus, the name becomes one-shot. One-shot multivibrators are used for turning some circuit or
external component on or off for a specific length of time. It is also used to generate delays. When
multiple one-shots are cascaded, a variety of sequential timing pulses can be generated. Those
pulses will allow you to time and sequence a number of related operations.

Pulse width of the output is given by T= 1.1 RC (in seconds)

Figure 3: 555 timer connected as a one-shot multivibrator

Simulation:

Astable Multivibrator-

Output- here R1 = 1 kΩ, R2 = 2.2kΩ and C2 = 0.022µF

Monostable Multivibrator-

Output- here C2= 1µF, C1= 5µF and R1= 10kΩ

Result Analysis:

For Astable Multivibrator,

Astable 555 Oscillator Charge and Discharge Times

t1=0.693(R1+R2) C = 0.48788 s
t2=0.693*R1*C = 0.01525s

555 Oscillator Cycle Time

T=t1+t2=0.693(R1+2R2) C = 0.503128s

555 Oscillator Frequency Equation

f=1/T=1.44/((R1+2R2) C) = 20.4545Hz

555 Oscillator Duty Cycle

Duty Cycle =(R1+R2)/(R1+2R2) % =0.5926

For Monostable Multivibrator,

The time during which the timer output remains high is given as-
tp = 1.0986 R1C = 10.986 s

Voltage across the capacitor at any instant during charging period is given as-
vc = VCC (1- e-t/RAC) = -23.999 v

Substituting vc = 2/3 VCC in above equation we get the time taken by the capacitor to charge
from 0 to +2/3VCC-
+2/3VCC. = VCC. (1 – e–t/R1C) or t – R1C loge 3 = 1.0986 R1C =10.986 s

Conclusion:

Astable multivibrator and Monostable multivibrator using 555 timers were designed and
implemented. Multisim results were obtained through the designed system in the form of
continuous production of rectangular waveform without the aid of any external triggering. Astable
multivibrator and Monostable multivibrator circuit is very simple and easy to design requiring few
components. As the 555 timer is used the system has low power consumption. Furthermore, with
the use of 555 timer, the system is very stable, easy to use and requires low cost. In addition,
another important boon is that, the system can be used for timing from microseconds to hours.
Generating time delays from microseconds to ours is useful in many applications.
References:

1. Boylestad, Robert L., and Louis Nashelsky. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 2006,
Pearson Prentice Hall.
2. Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 9th Edition, 2006, Prentice Hall.