Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Advocacy Plan Final2
Advocacy Plan Final2
Advocacy Plan Final2
Icebreaker
The activity “Divide” allows for colleagues, parents, and the school administration to
better get to know those around them. Being socially aware of others’ personal preferences
allows for more comfortability in the school system and a more positive environment when
having to regroup for further engagements (Appendix A). This relates to parental involvement,
because it teaches parents how to be interactive and learn about others, while learning to be more
aware of the differences between them and other people. Parents can use this technique at home
and all school faculty can use this technique in the classroom or at the school. When you are
participating in the activity, you are listening for the two options. If you prefer one more than the
other, you will move to the instructed side for each option and from there, encounter others who
● “Are you an early bird or a night owl? If you are an early bird, move to the left; if you are
● “Do you prefer Netflix or YouTube? If you prefer Netflix, move to the left; if you prefer
● “Are you an introvert or an extrovert? If you are an introvert, move to the left; if you are
Introduction
Parental involvement can be referred to as the amount of participation a parent has when
it comes to schooling and their child's life. This is a solid combination of commitment and
steadfast participation to not only the school, but to the student as well. Schools may encourage
healthy parental involvement through school or class events and volunteer opportunities.
However, it is ultimately up to the parents to involve themselves with their children's education.
It can be difficult at times being an involved or engaged parent. Issues can include lack of
transportation to get to school, low income, or the fact that parents might have missed the chance
to establish a relationship with the teachers at the beginning of the year. Although there are so
many dilemmas that could be or might be present, the efforts and benefits of parental
involvement are well worth it. It can improve the student and the school, because it pushes them
to set and achieve higher standards. Every student should reap the benefits of their family’s
participation within the school as it can be essential to their success. As you continue to read the
advocacy plan for parent involvement, you will see how it helps extend teaching outside of the
classroom, creates are more positive experience for children, and helps children perform better
Parental involvement may have different meanings for different people. One individual
may equate involvement with volunteering in the Parent Teacher Association (PTA) or
chaperoning field trips. Another may define it as simply showing up to open house or signing
homework folders. There have been mandates put in place such as the No Child Left Behind Act
(2002), which is now the predecessor to the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015). These acts have
PARENT INVOLVEMENT 4
provided many strategies to increase parental involvement and strived to involve parents in the
activities of the schools. Now more than ever, it is extremely important for students to make
progress. Schools should try to work collaboratively with parents to improve student
achievement. To do this, schools must understand the obstacles parents and teachers may face
when it comes to working together for the student’s benefit. Involving parents effectively means
that schools must acknowledge the diversity of the populations and be mindful of varying
Parental involvement tends to be the highest for students in elementary school. In 2016,
73 percent of students in elementary school had a parent who attended a schedule parent-teacher
students and 45 percent of high school students. There are several other barriers in parental
involvement (Megra & McQuiggan, 2017). Cultural, racial, and economic differences between
the school and parents can lead to inaccurate expectations and stereotyping. Schools may be
slightly dismissive of parents and see the lack of their presence as indifference or not caring
when a parent’s perception of their role in their children’s education is often shaped by their own
During the 2015-2016 school year, 47 percent of students living at or above the federal
poverty level (FPL) had a parent who volunteered or served on a committee at school, compared
with 27 percent of students below the FPL (Megra & McQuiggan, 2017). Parents that do not
speak English have lower rates of attendance at parent-teacher conferences, class/school events,
or general school meetings; and lower rates of volunteering. This can be measured at 62 percent
of students that had two parents that do not speak English compared with 82 percent of students
with two parents that spoke English and participated more (Megra & McQuiggan, 2017). Parents
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that do not speak English well may feel uncomfortable getting involved, or have trouble
communicating with the staff. If the parent has a higher level of education, the rates of
involvement also tend to be higher. Data from 2016 also states that in 2016, more than 76
volunteered. This is a wide gap considering that only 40 percent of parents with less than a high
Students belonging to marginalized racial and ethnic groups experience similar levels of
Asian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic students had lower rates of attendance at general meetings
or school events, or volunteering their time, relative to parents of non-Hispanic white students.
This may reflect an inability to attend school events as opposed to any desire (or lack thereof) to
Islander students and 64 percent of non-Hispanic black and Hispanic students had parents who
attended a general meeting, attended school or class events, or volunteered. This is less than 76
percent of non-Hispanic white students that had parent participation (Megra & McQuiggan,
2017).
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Advocacy Plan
First, the problem must be identified, and the school counselor’s role/ responsibility
within that process must be determined and carried out. A professional school counselor
should always maintain a goal to increase parent involvement within the school. The ASCA
National Model contains standards that can relate to this goal. The model encourages school
counselors to have ready, personal connections with parents. Doing this can create opportunities
School counselors must also collaborate and plan with parents, teachers, administration,
and the community on what is best for students’ success. School counselors needs to make sure
that these individuals are aware of the benefits of involvement. They should also assist parents in
It is important to help parents understand more ways they can be involved with their
child’s education. This can be done through providing workshops for the parents to get more
ideas on how to enhance their child’s learning or other tasks such as creating an online calendar
The risks of taking action and not taking action must be assessed. A potential risk of
taking action could be a parent becoming overly involved. The presence of their parents can
sometimes distract students, which can cause a lack of focus or behavior problems. If no efforts
or actions are made to maintain a steady occurrence of parent involvement, this could inevitably
lead to a decline in the presence of parents, family, and the community within the school.
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Action Steps
The source and focus of the problem must be clarified, so that appropriate action
can be taken. Standards for students are increasing steadily. Parents and teachers play an
important role to help children succeed in school. Nonetheless, parental involvement in a child’s
education is on the decline (Coleman, 1991). Identifying the factors that may contribute to the
lack of parent involvement will help schools understand the issue of the decline and develop
ways to increase parent participation, overall. The following is an action plan to ensure schools,
parents, and communities are meaningfully and equally involved in the planning, distribution,
sharing, and receiving of information communicated about activities or about students at the
school. This plan is to be completed by school staff in conjunction with parents and community
for parents to
• Systems to let
document concerns and
parents know about
for concerns to be
academic goals, class
addressed.
work, grades, and
channels for
Maintain up-to-date
interactions from home
records of physical
to school and vice
addresses, phone
versa.
numbers, and email
parent involvement
PARENT INVOLVEMENT 9
teachers to involvement
positive relationships.
information.
Create webinars that Parent Involvement
parent/community
School Admin/Staff
needs.
** Continue to send
school to home to
without technology
access remain
informed.
PARENT INVOLVEMENT 10
Service Needs of All Inform parents of the School Administration 9/5 – 5/28
homes or “hard to
reach” families to
obtain information.
Sources of conflict and opposing opinion must be considered and identified. Some
parents may find that their beliefs about the teacher-parent relationship could have been naïve.
Christianakis (2011) argued, when teachers urge parents to be more involved, what they often
mean is that they want parents to help them, explicitly by getting children to obey school rules
and make their jobs easier. Parents could be concerned that the teacher may not care about who
they are, how they raise their children, and the struggles they face in their parenting. A study
from Harris and Robinson (2014) states that the idea that kids do better in school when their
parents are involved does not add up. The study compared the average achievement of children
whose parents are actively involved in their school to that of other students whose parents do not.
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In fact, they found that parental involvement in any form produced no benefit to children’s test
scores or grades, regardless of racial or ethnic background or socioeconomic standing (Harris &
Robinson, 2014)
The school counselor should garner the support of influential people and policy
makers. Within the implementation of this action plan, the school counselor(s) should reach out
to influential people within school walls and outside of school walls. Within the school, the
support of administrators and teachers would be critical in ensuring that these techniques would
be successfully implemented throughout the school’s calendar of events. The support of the
ensuring that those channels are effective at disseminating information and reaching their target.
The school counselor(s) could also enlist the support of prominent organizations within the
school, such as the Parent Teacher Association, to sponsor or provide additional involvement or
educational opportunities.
Outside of school walls, family members and caretakers that are involved in various ways
within the school can serve as advocates for parental involvement. Those that are regularly
involved typically hold a high place of esteem within the school’s community, thereby assuming
some sort of influence over their community. They can share their history of involvement, the
processes associated with that history, and their personal experiences within their roles to others
within the community, which can serve as a form of outreach to other families and caregivers to
encourage them to also become more involved. In addition, family members and caretakers that
have influence in other ways, such as holding political office or being prominent business
owners, could bolster this campaign with their presence as an opinion that the larger community
PARENT INVOLVEMENT 12
already trusts and values. The school counselor(s) could also contact the school board member
that represents their school and/or their school’s superintendent to present at or attend an event,
which might draw in more people to attend, as well as potentially give more credibility to their
efforts.
The efforts within the action plan must be evaluated by the school counselor. In
terms of evaluating the effectiveness of the workshops offered to parents, a pre/post test survey
would be used (O’Brien & Boland) . For example, if the information session was related to
educating parents on how to get involved, the survey could ask questions such as “What resource
would one go to see the involvement opportunities available to parents and family members?” or
“What is one example of an involvement opportunity that interests you?” These questions would
be asked before the presentation and after, so the school counselor could accurately determine
In terms of evaluating the effectiveness of communication between the school and family
members, a survey could be used (O’Brien & Boland). This survey could be sent out using the
technology-based communication platforms that had been used within the techniques listed to
accomplish the goal, such as the school counseling website or blog. It could ask parents and
family members to rate their experience and their level of knowledge in terms of events and
resources available to them through the school, as well as serve as a way to gauge the amount of
focus group to be held (O’Brien & Boland). The school counselor could facilitate the group
discussion by asking questions, such as “Were you able to find a volunteer opportunity that
reflects your interests or skills?” and “Approximately how many volunteer opportunities were
PARENT INVOLVEMENT 13
you unable to participate in due to your schedule or other barriers?” This focus group would also
be an appropriate opportunity for parents and family members to suggest additional opportunity
ideas, so that the availabilities could even be further expanded to best suit the school community.
plan, the school counselor would collect and analyze the data accrued from these evaluation
methods. For example, from the data drawn from the pre/post test evaluation, future topics for
these education opportunities can be explored, such as whether the topics addressed were
addressed in enough depth or whether an additional workshop should be organized within the
topic. This data evaluation should take place at the end of each semester, so that the school
counselors can apply the findings within a reasonable time frame to expect these adjustments to
Intervention/Techniques
In order to equip parents and caregivers with the proper tools to support their student(s)
in both the school and home environment, workshops and information sessions can be offered by
school counselors and community services (Williams & Sanchez, 2013). For example, the school
counselor might host events that detail topics such as nutrition and healthy eating or how to
become involved in the school-setting (Ferguson, 2010). As access can be an issue in making
this information available to all, best practice would be for the school counselor to offer video or
written summaries of these sessions on one of the school’s established websites or blogs. School
counselors can also enlist the resources and expertise of community-based organizations in
supporting their students and their families, such as certain wrap-around resources (“Los Angeles
Unified School District”). Another way that these resources might assist parents is through
PARENT INVOLVEMENT 14
providing them with resources to further their own education, such as English as a second
language and GED courses (Ferguson, 2010). In addition to the efforts put forth by the school
counselor and the community organizations, other families in the school can serve as mentors
and information sources through outreach (Grovner, 2015). With the knowledge necessary to be
better parents, leaders, and influences, parents and caregivers can feel more comfortable being
Communication Methods
schools and families is critical (Ferguson, 2010). From the perspective of the school, there are
multiple strategies that can be adapted in order to ensure that communication both to and from
the families of students reaches its intended target, is understood, and fosters a positive
delivery method (Williams & Sanchez, 2013). Therefore, the information should be disseminated
via a variety of methods, including both technological and in print (Grovner, 2015). This allows
for families to consult in print information in the event of no internet access, as well as provides
for parents to access this information at any time in a place where it can be frequently updated to
reflect accuracy. This can be done through the school’s website or blog, emails, printed
newsletters, or physical flyers, among many other options (Grovner, 2015). This technique
should be used by teachers, school counselors, and administrators, as communication from all of
In order for these communication efforts to be effective, it is critical that the school
makes keeping accurate records of family’s phone numbers, home addresses, and emails a
PARENT INVOLVEMENT 15
priority (Williams & Sanchez, 2013). This is important in regards to ensuring that
communication reaches its target, as well as allowing for school staff to best accomplish home
visits. It is also critical for the school administration to employ a bilingual individual that is
present at the school daily, as that will ensure that non-English speaking family members are still
able to communicate with the school, as well as ensure that the communication that goes out
from the school can be translated for those non-English-speaking individuals (Grovner, 2015).
Finally, to ensure a positive relationship between the school and the family as a result of
communication, it is important that the school has a process in place that allows for families to
voice their concerns, as well as ensure that these concerns are addressed within a reasonable
window of time (“Los Angeles Unified School District”). This effort can be spearheaded by the
school counselor, and they may hold focus groups, implement comment boxes located
Involvement Opportunities
in is crucial to increasing parent involvement (Williams & Sanchez, 2013). One way that this can
be accomplished is by a survey being sent out to parents and families that allows them to write
down their skills and availability, so that the school counselor can refer to this data in terms of
cultivating appropriate volunteers for each event (Grovner, 2015). This could be particularly
useful in planning a career day event or other career-related activities within the counseling
curriculum. Teachers could also use this information and invite parents or family members to
come speak with their classes about their area of expertise (“Los Angeles Unified School District”).
Another way to provide involvement opportunities is through lesson plans within the
classroom. Parents and caretakers may give support in executing these lesson plans, as well as
PARENT INVOLVEMENT 16
the lesson plans themselves can address the topics of parental involvement and include
thank you notes to their parents and caretakers for their parental involvement (“150 Days of
Family Engagement”) (Appendix B). The school counselor could then accompany that thank you
note with an additional letter from the school counseling department stating future involvement
opportunities and additional resources (“150 Days of Family Engagement”) (Appendix C).
Having a thank you note as a vehicle for increasing parental involvement might allow for that
involvement to become more meaningful, as the parents and caretakers are then better able to
Involvement opportunities must be diverse in order to reflect the diverse skill sets present
within the community of the school. Examples of these could be serving on various parent
committees, such as one that serves new students and their families, helping create and execute
the bulletin boards for the school counseling team, and chaperoning field trips (Grovner, 2015).
teachers, and other school representatives consider barriers to participation for parents and
family members. These can be combated through techniques such as offering opportunities
before, during, and after the typical school day, as well as providing childcare whenever possible
Conclusion
Parents who are in tune with what is happening in their child’s classroom are better able
to establish a connection between what is learned at school and what takes place in the home.
One pivotal way to achieve success in education is through parental support. According to the
National Education Association, it has been shown that with parental support, children can
PARENT INVOLVEMENT 17
competence, enhances self-control, and encourages their motivation to read and comprehend.
Regardless of a student’s family income or background, any parent that stays involved in their
student’s education helps them to obtain higher grades and test scores, they attend school
regularly, have better social skills, and adapt well to school. Connections made between families
and schools to promote that academic success has a lasting effect in the students education.
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References
https://www.projectappleseed.org/activities.
American School Counselor Association (2014). Mindsets and Behaviors for Student Success:
K-12 College- and Career-Readiness Standards for Every Student. Alexandria, VA:
https://www.gadoe.org/Curriculum -Instruction-
and-Assessment/CTAE/Pages/CTAE-Georgia-Career-Clusters.aspx.
Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Retrieved November 15, 2019, from
Ferguson, C. (2010). A Toolkit for Title I Parental Involvement. National Center for Family and
Grovner, Maria (2015). Getting Parents Involved in Your School Counseling Program
Assessment/CTAE/Documents/Getting-Parents-Involved-in-Your-School-Counseling-
Program.pdf
Henderson, A.T., and K.L. Mapp. 2002. A New Wave of Evidence: The Impact of School,
Laboratory.
Los Angeles Unified School District Parent Community Services Branch. (n.d.) School Goals
http://home.lausd.net/ourpages/pcsb/pubs/school_goals_engl.pdf
McQuiggan, M. & Megra, M. (2017). Parent and family involvement in education: Results from
the National Household Education Surveys Program of 2016 (NCES 2017-102) [Table
2], Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education
O’Brien, T., & Boland, T. (n.d.). Section 1118: Parental Involvement Policy Compliance &
https://www.cde.state.co.us/sites/default/files/documents/fedprograms/dl/
ti_parents_pipolicycomp.pdf
Robinson, K., & Harris, A. L. (2014, April 12). Parental Involvement Is Overrated. Retrieved
involvement-is-overrated/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=1&
https://thesecondprinciple.com/instructional-design/threedomainsoflearning/.
Vaden-Kiernan, N. & McManus, J. (2005). Parent and family involvement in education: 2002–
National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved November 16, 2019 from
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2005043
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Williams, T. T., & Sánchez, B. (2013). Identifying and decreasing barriers to parent involvement
Appendix A
Title: Divide
Game Procedure: When you are participating in the activity, you are listening for the two options. If you
prefer one more than the other, you will move to the instructed side for each option and from there,
Questions:
1. English or Math?
2. Right-handed or left-handed?
3. Introvert or extrovert?
4. Early bird or Night Owl?
5. Cats or dogs?
6. Moe’s or Chipotle?
7. Netflix or YouTube?
8. Rich friend or loyal friend?
9. Coffee or tea?
10. Apple or Android?
11. Phone call or text?
12. Chicken sandwich or cheeseburgers?
13. Pen or pencil?
14. Toilet paper: over or under?
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Appendix B
Type of counseling activity: Classroom guidance activity that increases awareness of appropriate
Include goals and objectives for the activities: To provide a memento of thanks for family and
caregiver involvement from the perspective of the student; To practice using written
communication skills and self-reflection, as per ASCA behaviors; To provide a method for
students to use to strengthen their relationships with their family members and caregivers,
thereby allowing students to model effective behaviors within adult relationships, as per ASCA
behaviors
Georgia’s career cluster pathway for school guidance core curriculum: As this activity uses
writing and communication skills and the concepts of volunteering and familial support, it would
● Cognitive domain: As one of the goals of this activity is to enhance the use of the
thank you note as a method of showing gratitude to others and strengthening relationships
through this practice, the school counselor could ask a question at the conclusion of the
activity that would require students to respond with components and uses of the thank
PARENT INVOLVEMENT 22
you note. This would serve as an evaluation method of the cognitive domain, as it would
show that students had processed and applied the information shared with them
`● Affective domain: As this activity allows for students to express and explore their
emotions in relation to gratitude and their relationships with their family members and
caregivers, the students’ completion of the notes would represent an evaluation method
within this domain. This process allows for the practice of self-reflection and the process
of providing a memento of thanks, which are both in line with the goals of this activity.
domain can be evaluated through the behavior of creating the thank you note. This form
of evaluation could be extended to include the behavior of the student giving the thank
1. Hold a classroom discussion led by the school counselor. The questions that the school
counselor should ask as the leader of this discussion would address the concepts of
gratitude, thank you notes, and parental involvement. Examples of these are:
a. What does the word gratitude mean to you and how have you showed gratitude to
others?
b. Have you ever received a thank you note? Have you ever written a thank you
note? What are some words that you would use to describe how that made you
feel?
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c. When and how have you seen family members and caregivers being involved at
These questions should assist students in being able to define specific examples of
parental involvement that they have experienced first-hand, as well as explore the
vocabulary and the processes surrounding thanking family members and caregivers for
their involvement.
2. Introduce the writing activity to students, by telling them that they have the opportunity
to show gratitude to their family members and caregivers by writing them a thank you
note. Provide examples of ideas that they may include or prompts that could be used to
help them write their notes. Have these displayed on the board.
3. Distribute writing utensils and pieces of paper for the creation of these thank you notes.
Attach an additional thank you letter from the counseling department thanking family
members and caregivers for their involvement to the provided paper that students will use
to write their note. Within this note from the counseling department, include involvement
opportunities in the near future and resources that parents can consult for more
4. Once students have completed their thank you notes, the school counselor should ask
a. What are other times that you could write a thank you note to your family
members or caregivers?
b. What were some of the specific things that you mentioned in your note that you
c. How do you think that your family members or caregivers will respond to this
thank-you note?
Format and time frame: The school counselor should lead this activity, and it should take
Integration suggestion: As this lesson incorporates creative writing and vocabulary, it would be
https://www.projectappleseed.org/activities.
-Instruction-and-Assessment/CTAE/Pages/CTAE-Georgia-Career-Clusters.aspx.
https://thesecondprinciple.com/instructional-design/threedomainsoflearning/.
American School Counselor Association (2014). Mindsets and Behaviors for Student Success:
K-12 College- and Career-Readiness Standards for Every Student. Alexandria, VA: Author.
PARENT INVOLVEMENT 25
Appendix C
On behalf of the school counseling department, I want to convey a sincere thank you for your
continued support for and involvement in our school. The impact that you have made through
your time and effort is greatly appreciated and does not go unnoticed. The counseling department
is looking forward to working more with you in the future, as we seek to provide the most
beneficial, holistic educational experience for all of our students, yours included.
In the near future, we have some exciting involvement opportunities that we would love for you
to consider volunteering at or attending. These include:
Always stay in the know about future educational and volunteer opportunities by consulting the
following resources:
Cecilia Long
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School Counselor
Bailey Cove Elementary School
Cecilia Long
Consejero de la escuela
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