EC Risk Symbols and Phrases

For a brief explanation, see Guide to using the Main Entries. The following appear in this
edition of The Pesticide Manual. For a full list, and further details, see Annex IV to EC
directive 67/548/EEC, as subsequently amended.

RISK SYMBOLS:

C - Corrosive
N - Dangerous for the environment
O - Oxidising
F - Highly flammable
F+ - Extremely flammable
T - Toxic
T+ - Very toxic
Xi - Irritant
Xn - Harmful

ASSOCIATED RISK PHRASES

R9 Explosive when mixed with combustible material

R10 Flammable
R11 Highly flammable
R12 Extremely flammable
R15/29 Contact with water liberates toxic, extremely flammable gas
R20 Harmful by inhalation
R20/21 Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin
R20/21/22 Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
R20/22 Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed
R21 Harmful in contact with skin
R21/22 Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed
R22 Harmful if swallowed
R23 Toxic by inhalation
R23/24 Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin
R23/24/25 Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin, and if swallowed
R23/25 Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed
R24 Toxic in contact with skin
R24/25 Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed
R25 Toxic if swallowed
R26 Very toxic by inhalation
R26/27/28 Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
R26/28 Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed
R27 Very toxic in contact with skin
R27/28 Very toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed
R28 Very toxic if swallowed
R31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas
R32 Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas
R33 Danger of cumulative effects
R34 Causes burns
R35 Causes severe burns
R36 Irritating to the eyes
R36/37 Irritating to eyes and respiratory system
R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin
R36/38 Irritating to eyes and skin
R37 Irritating to the respiratory system
R37/38 Irritating to respiratory system and skin
R38 Irritating to the skin
R40 Possible risk of irreversible effects
R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes
R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact
R44 Risk of explosion if heated under confinement
R45 May cause cancer
R48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure
R48/20 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through
inhalation
R48/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if
swallowed
R48/23/24/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through
inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
R48/23/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through
inhalation and if swallowed
R48/24/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact
with skin and if swallowed
R48/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed
R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms
R51 Toxic to aquatic organisms
R52 Harmful to aquatic organisms
R53 May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
R59 Dangerous for the ozone layer
R61 May cause harm to the unborn child
R62 Possible risk of impaired fertility
R63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child