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An ACI Standard

Specification for Bonding


Fresh Concrete to Hardened
Concrete with a Multi-
Component Epoxy Adhesive
ACI 548.13M-14
Reported by ACI Committee 548
First Printing
November 2014
ISBN: 978-0-87031-972-3

Specification for Bonding Fresh Concrete to Hardened Concrete with a


Multi-Component Epoxy Adhesive
Copyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material
may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other
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38800 Country Club Drive
Farmington Hills, MI 48331
Phone: +1.248.848.3700
Fax: +1.248.848.3701
www.concrete.org
ACI 548.13M-14

Specification for Bonding Fresh Concrete to


Hardened Concrete with a Multi-Component Epoxy
Adhesive
An ACI Standard

Reported by ACI Committee 548


Bradley Nemunaitis, Chair Mahmoud M. Reda Taha, Secretary

Ashraf I. Ahmed Michael L. Schmidt Craig A. Ballinger William Lee


Mohammad A. Alhassan Joe Solomon John J. Bartholomew Troy D. Madeley
Milton D. Anderson Michael M. Sprinkel Shashi P. Bhatnagar Henry N. Marsh Jr.
Jacques A. Bertrand Michael S. Stenko Zhi-Yuan Chen Peter Mendis
Constantin Bodea Donald P. Tragianese Inz Lech Czarnecki Peter J. Moss
David W. Fowler Wafeek S. Wahby Harold (Dan) R. Edwards Yoshihiko Ohama
Quentin L. Hibben David White Larry J. Farrell Kelly M. Page
Albert O. Kaeding David P. Whitney Jack J. Fontana Jerzy Pietrzykowski
John R. Milliron Richard E. Wollmershauser George Horeczko Hamid Saadatmanesh
Myles A. Murray David P. Hu Donald A. Schmidt
Joseph A. Nuciforo Jr. Consulting Members Bert Paul Kriekemans Meyer Steinberg
John R. Robinson Lu Anqi Deon Kruger Harold H. Weber Jr.

The official version of this ACI document uses inch-pound units. PART 2—PRODUCTS, p. 3
A conversion of an ACI document into SI units is for the conve- 2.1—Materials, p. 3
nience of users. Care has been taken to ensure that the conversion
is correct; however, ACI does not guarantee its accuracy. Official PART 3—EXECUTION, p. 3
interpretation of this ACI document shall be based only on the U.S.
3.1—Preparation, p. 3
customary units.
3.2—Inspection, p. 3
This specification describes the work of bonding fresh concrete to 3.3—Adhesive mixtures, p. 3
hardened concrete with a multi-component epoxy adhesive, such 3.4—Adhesive application and concrete placement, p. 3
as defined for this purpose in ASTM C881/C881M. Included are 3.5—Cleanup, p. 3
controls for adhesive labeling, storage, handling, surface evalu- 3.6—Safety, p. 3
ation and preparation, mixing and application, inspection, safety, 3.7—Field quality performance requirements, p. 3
quality control, and testing.
(nonmandatory portion follows)
Keywords: adhesive; bond; construction; epoxy resins; fresh concretes;
quality control; repair; safety; surface.
NOTES TO SPECIFIER, p. 4
General notes, p. 4
CONTENTS
(mandatory portion follows)

PART 1—GENERAL, p. 2
1.1—Scope, p. 2
1.2—Interpretation, p. 2
1.3—Definitions, p. 2 ACI 548.13M-14 became effective September 5, 2014, and was adopted and
1.4—Referenced standards, p. 2 published November 2014.
Copyright © 2014, American Concrete Institute
1.5—Submittals, p. 2 All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any
1.6—Product delivery, storage, and handling, p. 2 means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or
1.7—Project conditions, p. 3 mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-
tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in
writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.

1
2 BONDING FRESH CONCRETE TO HARDENED CONCRETE WITH MULTI-COMPONENT EPOXY ADHESIVE (ACI 548.13-14)

FOREWORD TO CHECKLIST, p. 4 or administering the Work under Contract Documents, or


both.
MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST, p. 5 Contract Documents—a set of documents supplied by
the owner to the contractor as the basis for construction.
OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST, p. 5 These documents contain contract forms, contract condi-
tions, specifications, drawings, addenda, and contract
(mandatory portion follows) changes.
Contractor—the person, firm, or entity under contract for
PART 1—GENERAL construction of the Work.
epoxy—a thermosetting polymer that is the reaction
1.1—Scope product of epoxy resin and a hardener.
1.1.1 This specification covers the bonding of fresh fresh concrete—concrete that possesses enough of its
concrete to hardened concrete with a multi-component original workability so that it can be placed and consolidated
epoxy adhesive as indicated in Contract Documents. by the intended methods.
1.1.2 This specification governs for construction within its Owner—the corporation, association, partnership,
scope, except the Contract Documents govern if there is a individual, public body, or authority for whom Work is
conflict. constructed.
1.1.3 Values in this specification are stated in SI units. Project Specification—written document that details
A companion specification in inch-pound units is also requirements for the Work in accordance with service
available. parameters and other specific criteria.
1.1.4 The Notes to Specifier are not part of this specifier—the person or entity preparing and organizing
specification. the project specification for a construction project.
submit—provide to Architect/Engineer for review.
1.2—Interpretation submittal—document or material provided to the Archi-
Unless otherwise explicitly stated, this specification shall tect/Engineer for review or acceptance.
be interpreted using the following principles: Work—the entire construction or separately identifi-
able parts thereof required to be furnished under Contract
(a) Interpret this specification consistent with the plain Documents.
meaning of the words and terms used.
(b) Definitions provided in this specification govern over 1.4—Referenced standards
the definitions of the same or similar words or terms found Standards of ASTM International referred to in this stan-
elsewhere. dard are listed with serial designation, including year of
(c) Whenever possible, interpret this specification so that adoption or revision.
its provisions are in harmony and do not conflict. 1.4.1 ASTM International
(d) Headings are part of this specification and are intended ASTM C42/C42M-13—Standard Test Method for
to identify the scope of the provisions or sections that follow. Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of
If there is a difference in meaning or implication between Concrete
the text of a provision and a heading, the meaning in the text ASTM C881/C881M-13—Standard Specification for
governs. Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Systems for Concrete
(e) Where a provision of this specification involves two or ASTM C1583/C1583M-13—Standard Test Method for
more items, conditions, requirements, or events connected Tensile Strength of Concrete Surfaces and the Bond Strength
by the conjunctions “and” or “or,” interpret the conjunction or Tensile Strength of Concrete Repair and Overlay Mate-
as follows: rials by Direct Tension (Pull-off Method)
“and” indicates that all of the connected items, condi- ASTM D4580/D4580M-12—Standard Practice for
tions, requirements, or events apply. Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by
“or” indicates that the connected items, conditions, Sounding
requirements, or events apply singularly.
(f) The use of the verbs “may” or “will” indicates that the 1.5—Submittals
specification provision is for information to the Contractor. 1.5.1 Certifications—Submit manufacturer’s certification
verifying conformance to material specifications.
1.3—Definitions 1.5.2 Application control—Submit mixing and applica-
The following definitions govern in this specification. For tion procedures for acceptance prior to use.
definitions not given, refer to “ACI Concrete Terminology,” 1.5.3 Data—Submit manufacturer’s technical data sheets
http://www.concrete.org/Tools/ConcreteTerminology.aspx. and material safety data sheets (MSDS).
accepted—determined to be satisfactory by Architect/
Engineer. 1.6—Product delivery, storage, and handling
Architect/Engineer—architect, engineer, architectural 1.6.1 Delivery of materials—Deliver materials in sealed
firm, or engineering firm, developing Contract Documents containers with labels legible and intact.

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BONDING FRESH CONCRETE TO HARDENED CONCRETE WITH MULTI-COMPONENT EPOXY ADHESIVE (ACI 548.13-14) 3

1.6.2 Labeling—Only use materials that are marked with fied, for ASTM C881/C881M Classes A and B multi-compo-
the following information: nent epoxy adhesive to permit wetting of concrete surface
a) Name of manufacturer by adhesive. Surface temperature shall be at least 16°C
b) Manufacturer’s product identification for ASTM C881/C881M Class C multi-component epoxy
c) Manufacturer’s instructions for mixing adhesives.
d) Warning for handling and toxicity 3.2.5 All concrete surfaces shall not exceed saturated
e) Expiration date and lot number surface-dry conditions at the time of installation, unless
1.6.3 Storage of materials—Store materials at tempera- otherwise specified.
tures between 4 and 38°C, unless otherwise recommended
by manufacturer. 3.3—Adhesive mixtures
1.6.4 Handling of materials—Handle materials to avoid 3.3.1 Mix epoxy components in a clean container.
breaking container seals and in accordance with the MSDS 3.3.2 Condition epoxy compound components to be at a
and manufacturer’s recommendations. temperature between 16 and 38°C, unless otherwise recom-
mended by manufacturer.
1.7—Project conditions 3.3.3 Blend epoxy components with a mechanical mixer
1.7.1 Environmental requirements—Comply with manu- in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.
facturer’s recommendations and specified project conditions
regarding environmental conditions under which the adhe- 3.4—Adhesive application and concrete placement
sive shall be applied, unless otherwise specified. 3.4.1 Do not apply adhesive if ambient temperature and
hardened concrete temperature are not within the adhesive
PART 2—PRODUCTS manufacturer’s allowable range. Placement of fresh concrete
shall conform to ambient temperature requirements of the
2.1—Materials Contract Documents.
2.1.1 Multi-component epoxy adhesive—ASTM C881/ 3.4.2 Apply adhesive to concrete surface by brush, roller,
C881M Type II for non-load-bearing or Type V for load- broom, squeegee, or spray equipment. Apply adhesive at a
bearing applications, unless otherwise specified. Curing thickness not less than that recommended by manufacturer.
temperature requirements (class) and viscosity (grade) shall 3.4.3 Place fresh concrete while adhesive is still tacky. If
be determined by supplier and Contractor based on specified the adhesive cures to the extent of losing its tack before fresh
project conditions. concrete is placed, remove or abrade first coat and apply a
2.1.2 Fresh concrete—As required in Contract Documents. second coat.
3.4.4 Consolidate freshly placed fresh concrete in accor-
PART 3—EXECUTION dance with Contract Documents.
3.4.5 Upon completion of finishing operations, cure
3.1—Preparation concrete in accordance with procedures in Contract
3.1.1 Preparation of concrete surfaces Documents.
3.1.1.1 Mechanical abrasion—Concrete surfaces to which
adhesives are to be applied shall be newly prepared concrete 3.5—Cleanup
free of loose and unsound materials. Prepare surfaces 3.5.1 Protect concrete surfaces beyond limits of surface
according to one of the following, unless otherwise speci- receiving adhesive against spillage.
fied: shotblasting, sandblasting, scarifying, or waterblasting. 3.5.2 Remove any adhesive applied or spilled beyond
desired areas. Perform cleanup with material designated by
3.2—Inspection adhesive manufacturer. Avoid contamination of work area.
3.2.1 Inspect concrete surfaces prior to application of 3.5.3 Unused materials shall be disposed in accordance
adhesive. with manufacturer’s recommendations and applicable
3.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, concrete surfaces shall regulations.
have an average pulloff strength of at least 1.7 MPa based on
three tests at each location when tested in accordance with 3.6—Safety
ASTM C1583/C1583M. Unless otherwise specified, test 3.6.1 Advise applicators to avoid contacting adhesive with
locations shall represent no greater than 45 m2 of prepared eyes and skin, inhalation of vapors, and ingestion. Make
surface. protective and safety equipment available on site. Refer to
3.2.3 Surfaces shall be free of deleterious materials, MSDS and heed label warnings by manufacturer.
including laitance, curing compounds, dust, dirt, oil, and
other material that may prevent bonding. Materials resulting 3.7—Field quality performance requirements
from surface preparation shall be removed. Any limitations 3.7.1 Architect/Engineer will evaluate bonding of fresh
on the removal of preparation materials shall be as specified concrete to existing concrete after the fresh concrete has
in Contract Documents. cured for at least 28 days.
3.2.4 At the time of installation, surface temperature of
the concrete shall be at least 4°C, unless otherwise speci-

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4 BONDING FRESH CONCRETE TO HARDENED CONCRETE WITH MULTI-COMPONENT EPOXY ADHESIVE (ACI 548.13-14)

3.7.2 The evaluation will be performed by sounding in FOREWORD TO CHECKLIST


accordance with ASTM D4580/D4580M or other applicable F1. This Foreword is included for explanatory purposes
methods. only; it is not a part of Specification ACI 548.13M-14.
3.7.3 Detection of a hollow sound or other indication of F2. ACI Specification 548.13M-14 may be referenced by
delamination in any area shall be reason to suspect inad- the Specifier in the Project Specification for any building
equate bonding. Contractor shall core suspected area, as project, together with supplementary requirements for the
requested by Architect/Engineer, to determine bonding specific project. Responsibilities for project participants
adequacy. must be defined in the Project Specification. ACI Specifica-
3.7.4 Coring shall be performed in accordance with ASTM tion 548.13M-14 cannot and does not address responsibili-
C42/C42M and shall penetrate through the new concrete and ties for any project participant other than the Contractor.
into the existing concrete. Core diameter shall be as speci- F3. Checklists do not form a part of ACI Specification
fied by Architect/Engineer. Length of cores shall be twice 548.13M-14. Checklists assist the specifier in selecting and
the core diameter, or twice the thickness of new concrete, or specifying project requirements in the Project Specification.
as specified by Architect/Engineer. F4. The Mandatory Requirements Checklist indicates
3.7.5 Cores will be visually inspected, and further testing, work requirements regarding specific qualities, procedures,
if required, will be determined by Architect/Engineer. materials, and performance criteria that are not defined in
ACI Specification 548.13M-14. The Specifier must include
(nonmandatory portion follows) these requirements in the Project Specification.
F5. The Optional Requirements Checklist identifies Spec-
NOTES TO SPECIFIER ifier choices and alternatives. The checklist identifies the
sections, parts, and articles of ACI Specification 548.13M-14
General notes and the action required or available to the specifier. The
G1. ACI Specification ACI 548.13M-14 is to be used by specifier should review each of the items in the Checklist
reference or incorporation in its entirety in the Project Speci- and make adjustments to the needs of a particular project by
fication. Do not copy individual sections, parts, articles, or including those selected alternatives as mandatory require-
paragraphs into the Project Specification, because taking ments in the Project Specification.
them out of context may change their meaning. F6. Recommended references—Documents and publica-
G2. If sections or parts of ACI Specification 548.13M-14 tions that are referenced in the checklists of ACI Specifica-
are copied into the Project Specification or any other docu- tion 548.14M-14 are listed below. These references provide
ment, do not refer to them as an ACI Specification, because guidance to the specifier and are not considered to be part of
the specification has been altered. ACI Specification 548.13M-14.
G3. A statement such as the following will serve to make
ACI Specification ACI 548.13M-14 a part of the Project ASTM International
Specification: ASTM C881/C881M-13—Standard Specification for
Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Systems for Concrete
“Work on (Project Title) shall conform to all ASTM C1583/C1583M-13—Standard Test Method for
requirements of ACI 548.13M-14, “Specification Tensile Strength of Concrete Surfaces and the Bond Strength
for Bonding Fresh Concrete to Hardened Concrete or Tensile Strength of Concrete Repair and Overlay Mate-
with a Multi-Component Epoxy Adhesive,” rials by Direct Tension (Pull-off Method)
published by the American Concrete Institute, ASTM D4258-05(2012)—Standard Practice for Surface
Farmington Hills, Michigan, except as modified by Cleaning Concrete for Coating
these Contract Documents.” ASTM D4259-88(2012)—Standard Practice for Abrading
Concrete
G4. Each technical section of ACI Specification
548.13M-14 is written in the three-part section format of International Concrete Repair Institute
the Construction Specifications Institute, as adapted for ACI ICRI 310.2-1997—Selecting and Specifying Concrete
requirements. The language is imperative and terse. Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer
G5. If ACI Specification 548.13M-14 is used with another Overlays
ACI specification that contains overlapping provisions,
identify which requirements are in conflict, and state in the
Contract Documents which requirements control.

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BONDING FRESH CONCRETE TO HARDENED CONCRETE WITH MULTI-COMPONENT EPOXY ADHESIVE (ACI 548.13-14) 5

MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST


Section/Part/Article Notes to Designer/Specifier
1.1.1 Specify specific scope of work.
2.1.2 Specify concrete requirements.
3.2.3 Specify limitations, if any, on the removal of waste materials.
3.4.1 Specify ambient temperature requirements for concrete placement.
3.4.4 Specify concrete consolidation requirements.
3.4.5 Specify concrete cure requirements.

OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST


Section/Part/Article Notes to Designer/Specifier
1.7.1 Specify any project conditions that specifically affect this work.

Performance of epoxy systems may be affected by temperature, humidity, and surface water. Strict adherence to the manufac-
turer’s recommendations should be maintained. Where other unusual conditions are encountered, the material manufacturer
should be consulted before application.
2.1.1 Specify Class and Grade of epoxy. Specify additional performance requirements, acceptable suppliers, or both.
3.1.1.1 Specify which ICRI 310.2 chip face is acceptable. Specify methods for preparing surfaces such as in accordance with ASTM
D4258 and ASTM D4259.
3.2.2 Specify average strength, test locations, and number of tests for evaluating the concrete in accordance with ASTM C1583/
C1583M.

If the test results are not in failure of the concrete but in cohesion of the epoxy resin adhesive, or any failure in adhesion, the
test shall be repeated. Repeated failures in adhesion, or cohesion in the adhesive, indicate improper cleaning of the concrete,
incorrect adhesive, or faulty adhesive application techniques.
3.2.4 Some epoxy adhesives may be capable of wetting the concrete surface at temperatures below 4°C. The specification should
allow such use only if test data are available that conclusively demonstrates adequate bond at the actual concrete temperature
expected.
3.2.5 ASTM C881/C881M epoxy resin systems are considered moisture tolerant and will bond to saturated surface-dry concrete. If
the concrete surface exceeds saturated surface-dry conditions, or if the epoxy resin system used does not meet the require-
ments of ASTM C881/C881M, the epoxy resin system manufacturer should be consulted regarding suitability of system and
adequacy of application techniques.
3.7.4 Specify diameter of cores to be obtained, if necessary.

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American Concrete Institute


38800 Country Club Drive
Farmington Hills, MI 48331
Phone: +1.248.848.3700
Fax: +1.248.848.3701
www.concrete.org
38800 Country Club Drive
Farmington Hills, MI 48331 USA
+1.248.848.3700
www.concrete.org

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