DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

ACTION REACTION RESPONSIBILITIES

Generic name: Crystalloid Isotonic IV Sodium Chloride is a Indicated for use in Should not be used  Febrile BEFORE:
Plain NSS fluid source of water and adults and pediatric with heart failure, response  Check the
electrolytes. It is patients as a source pulmonary edema,  Infection at the Physician’s order
Brand name: capable of inducing of electrolytes and and renal impairment. site of injection  Identify patient
0.9% Normal Saline diuresis depending on water for hydration.  Venous  Explain the
Solution (NACl) the clinical condition Hyponatremia, Shock, thrombosis medication to the
of the patient. It is Maintenance fluids,  Phlebitis patient
Dosage: crystalloid given dehydration.  Perform hand
1000 ml intravenously in case hygiene
of shock, dehydration,  Prepare the
Route: IV and diarrhea to materials
increase the plasma DURING:
volume.  Check the level of
IVF
 Correct Solution
of the medication
 Do not connect
flexible plastic
AFTER:
 Monitor patient for
signs of
infiltration/sluggish
flow
 Monitor signs of
phlebitis infection
 Check and
regulate the drop
rate
 Document and
record
 DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING
ACTION REACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Adrenergic Stimulates intracellular Maintenance  Hypersensitivity CNS: headache, BEFORE:
Salmeterol Xinofoate adenylate cyclase, an treatment of asthma; to drug or its nervousness,  Check the
and Fluticasone enzyme that catalyzes prevention of components dizziness, tremor Physician’s
Propionate conversion of bronchospasm in  Acute asthma CV: palpitations, order
adenosine patients with reversible attack hypertension,  Identify patient
Brand name: Adeflo triphosphate to cyclic- obstructive airway tachycardia,
 Explain the
3’, 5’-adenosine disease; maintenance arrhythmias
Dosage: monophosphate treatment of GI: nausea, diarrhea, medication to
50-1250 mcg capsule (cAMP). Increased bronchospasm in abdominal pain the patient
cAMP levels relax patients with chronic Metabolic:  Perform hand
Frequency: bronchial smooth obstructive pulmonary hyperglycemia, hygiene
BID muscle and inhibit the disease (COPD) hypokalemia DURING:
release of mediators of Skin: urticaria,  Make sure the
Route: Oral immediate angioedema, rash patient doesn’t
hypersensitivity exhale into the
(especially from mast device.
cells).  Preferably, give
doses 12 hours
apart in the
morning and
evening.
AFTER:
 Assess
pulmonary
status and vital
signs.
 Monitor the
patient
 Document and
record

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION NURSING

 ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Calcium channel Inhibits influx of Essential Contraindicated in CNS: headache, BEFORE:
Amlodipine Besylate blocker extracellular calcium hypertension, chronic patients with dizziness, drowsiness,  Check the
ions, thereby stable angina pectoris, cardiogenic shock, light-headedness, Physician’s
Brand name: decreasing myocardial and vasospastic severe aortic stenosis, fatigue, weakness, order
Norvasc contractility, relaxing angina (Prinzmetal’s unstable angina, lethargy  Identify patient
coronary, and vascular angina) severe hypotension, CV: peripheral edema,
 Explain the
Dosage: muscles, and heart failure, and angina, bradycardia,
10 mg tablet decreasing peripheral hepatic impairment hypotension, medication to
resistance palpitations the patient
Frequency: QD Respiratory:  Perform hand
shortness of breath, hygiene
Route: Oral dyspnea, wheezing DURING:
 Give
medication to
the patient
 Instruct to take
the medication
by mouth with
or without food
AFTER:
 Monitor heart
rate and
rhythm and
blood pressure,
especially at
the start of
therapy
 Observe
patient
 Document and
record
 DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION NURSING
ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Angiotensin II receptor Blocks Losartan is indicated  high levels of CNS: dizziness, BEFORE:
Losartan Potassium antagonist vasoconstricting and to treat hypertension in potassium in insomnia, headache,  Check the
aldosterone-secreting patients older than 6 the blood. asthenia, fatigue Physician’s
Brand name: effects of angiotensin years, reduce the risk  renal artery CV: hypotension order
Arbloc II at various receptor of stroke in patients stenosis GI: nausea, vomiting,  Identify patient
sites, including with hypertension and  low blood diarrhea, dyspepsia,  Explain the
Dosage: vascular smooth left ventricular pressure abdominal pain medication to
100 mg fc tablet muscle and adrenal hypertrophy and treat  liver problems Metabolic: the patient
glands. Also increases diabetic nephropathy  mild to hyperkalemia  Perform hand
Frequency: QD urinary flow and with elevated serum moderate Respiratory: hygiene
enhances the creatinine and kidney symptoms of upper DURING:
Route: Oral excretion of chloride, proteinuria in patients impairment respiratory infection,  Administer
magnesium, calcium, with type 2 diabetes  pregnancy dry cough with/without
and phosphate. and hypertension. food
 decreased
blood volume.  Be aware that
drug may take
3 to 6 weeks to
reach maximal
efficacy
AFTER:
 Monitor blood
pressure to
evaluate drug
efficacy
 Assess liver,
kidney function
and electrolyte
levels
 Document and
record
 DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING
ACTION REACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Proton Pump Reduces gastric acid  Treatment of duodenal Hypersensitivity to CNS: dizziness, BEFORE:
Omeprazole Inhibitors secretion and ulcers omeprazole, headache, asthenia  Check the
increases gastric  Prevention of relapse substituted GI: nausea, vomiting, Physician’s
Brand name: mucus and of duodenal ulcers benzimidazoles or to diarrhea, order
Omepron Vial bicarbonate  Treatment of gastric any of the excipients. constipation,  Identify patient
production, creating ulcers abdominal pain  Explain the
Dosage: a protective coating  Prevention of relapse Metabolic: medication to
40 mg on gastric mucosa of gastric ulcers hypomagnesemia the patient
and easing  In combination with Respiratory: cough,  Perform hand
Frequency: q 24 discomfort from appropriate upper respiratory hygiene
hours excess gastric acid. antibiotics, Helicobacte tract infection DURING:
r pylori (H.  Give
pylori) eradication in Omeprazole
Route: IV peptic ulcer disease slowly (over a
 Treatment of NSAID- period of 5
associated gastric and minutes) as an
duodenal ulcers intravenous
 Prevention of NSAID- injection.
associated gastric and  Omeprazole
duodenal ulcers in powder for
patients at risk solution for
 Treatment of reflux infusion should
oesophagitis only be
dissolved in
either 100 ml
normal saline
for infusion or
100 ml 5%
dextrose for
infusion.

AFTER:
 Assess vital
 signs
 Check for
abdominal
pain, emesis,
diarrhea, or
constipation.
 Evaluate fluid
intake and
output.
 Document and
record

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION NURSING

ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Beta-lactam antibiotics Interferes with Respiratory tract Diarrhea from an Allergic Reactions: BEFORE:
Cefoxitin bacterial cell-wall infections, skin infection with Rash (including  Check the
synthesis and division infections, bone and Clostridium difficile exfoliative dermatitis Physician’s
Brand name: by binding to cell wall, joint infections, urinary bacteria. inflammation and toxic epidermal order
Foxiting causing cell to die. tract infections, of the large intestine. necrolysis), urticaria,  Identify patient
Active against gram- gynecologic infections, decreased kidney flushing, pruritus,
 Explain the
Dosage: negative and gram- septicemia function. eosinophilia, fever,
1g vial positive bacteria, with dyspnea, and other medication to
expanded activity allergic reactions the patient
Frequency: q 3 hours against gram-negative including anaphylaxis,  Perform hand
ANST bacteria. Exhibits interstitial nephritis, hygiene
minimal and angioedema have  Mixed powder
immunosuppressant been noted. with liquid to be
Route: IV activity injected
intravenously

DURING:
 Reconstitute
with 10 mL of
sterile water for
injection to
provide
solutions
containing
approximately
95 or 180
mg/mL,
respectively.
 Shake to
dissolve; let
stand until
clear.
 Administer the
medication to
the patient
AFTER:
  Assess vital
signs
 Monitor for
diarrhea,
rashes, pruritus
and other
adverse effects
 Document and
record

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

ACTION REACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Biguanide Increases insulin Gestational diabetes,  Hypersensitivity GI: diarrhea, nausea, BEFORE:
Metformin HCL sensitivity by management of to the drug vomiting, abdominal  Check the
decreasing glucose antipsychotic-induced  Acute or bloating Physician’s
Brand name: production and weight gain, type 2 chronic Metabolic: lactic order
Glumet XR absorption in the liver diabetes prevention, metabolic acidosis  Identify patient
and intestines and and the treatment and acidosis Other: unpleasant
 Explain the
Dosage: enhancing glucose prevention of (including metallic taste,
500 mg tablet uptake and utilization. polycystic ovary decreased vitamin B12 medication to
diabetic
syndrome (PCOS) level the patient
ketoacidosis)
Frequency: with or without  Perform hand
1tab QD after supper coma hygiene
 Underlying DURING:
Route: Oral renal  Administer with
dysfunction a meal
 Heart failure  Make sure
requiring drug patient
therapy swallows
extended-
release tablets
whole without
crushing or
chewing.
AFTER:
 Monitor blood
glucose levels
closely. If it
isn’t controlled
after 4 weeks
at maximum
dosage, oral
sulfonylurea
may be added.
 Teach patient
about diabetes
and importance
of proper diet,
 exercise,
weight control,
and blood
glucose
monitoring.
 Document and
record

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

ACTION REACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: HMG-CoA reductase Inhibits HMG-CoA To control lipid levels ● Hypersensitivity to CNS: amnesia, BEFORE:
Atorvastatin inhibitor reductase, which as an adjunct to diet in drug or its components abnormal dreams,  Check the
catalyzes the first step primary (heterozygous ● Active hepatic emotional lability, Physician’s
Brand name: in cholesterol familial and disease or headache, order
Avamax synthesis; this action nonfamilial) unexplained, hyperactivity, poor  Identify patient
reduces hypercholesterolemia persistent serum coordination, malaise,
 Explain the
Dosage: concentrations of and mixed transaminase paresthesia,
20 mg tablet serum cholesterol and dyslipidemia elevations peripheral neuropathy, medication to
low-density ● Pregnancy or drowsiness, syncope, the patient
Frequency: lipoproteins (LDLs), breastfeeding weakness  Perform hand
1tab at bedtime linked to increased CV: orthostatic hygiene
risk of coronary artery hypotension, DURING:
disease (CAD). palpitations, phlebitis,  Give with or
Route: Oral vasodilation, without food
arrythmias  Don’t give with
grapefruit juice
or antacids
 Tell patient to
take drug at the
same time each
day to maintain
its effects.
AFTER:
 Evaluate for
muscle
weakness (a
symptom of
myositis and
possibly
rhabdomyolysis).
 Advise patient to
immediately
report allergic
response, and
other adverse
reactions.
  Document and
record

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION NURSING

ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Class of Metformin acts Vildagliptin is indicated Metformin +  stomach BEFORE:
Vildagliptin + combinations: Oral primarily by in the treatment of type Vildagliptin should not discomfort  Check the
Metformin blood glucose lowering decreasing II diabetes mellitus in be used in patients  diarrhea, gas, Physician’s
 drugs endogenous hepatic adults. As with type 1 diabetes or bloating, order
Brand name: glucose production. monotherapy, with diabetic vomiting,  Identify patient
Proglin MET Vildagliptin acts vildagliptin is indicated ketoacidosis. Some  joint ache  Explain the
primarily by inhibiting in adults inadequately diabetic patients, while  headache medication to
Dosage: DPP-4, the enzyme controlled by diet and taking Metformin +  metallic taste in the patient
50 mg/500mg tablet responsible for the exercise alone and for Vildagliptin, might the mouth.
degradation of the whom metformin is develop a rare but  Perform hand
Frequency: 1tab QD incretin hormones inappropriate due to serious condition hygiene
GLP-1 (glucagon-like contraindications or called lactic acidosis. DURING:
Route: Oral peptide-1) and GIP intolerance.  Administer with
(glucose-dependent a meal
insulinotropic  Make sure
polypeptide). patient
swallows
extended-
release tablets
whole without
crushing or
chewing.
AFTER:
 Monitor blood
glucose levels
closely. If it
isn’t controlled
after 4 weeks
at maximum
dosage, oral
sulfonylurea
may be added.
 Teach patient
about diabetes
and importance
of proper diet,
exercise,
weight control,
 and blood
glucose
monitoring.
 Document and
record

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION NURSING

ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Skeletal Muscle May reduce muscle To relieve muscle Angle-closure CNS: Agitation, BEFORE:
Orphenadrine Citrate, Relaxant spasms by acting on spasms in painful glaucoma; confusion, dizziness,  Check the
Paracetamol cerebral motor centers musculoskeletal hypersensitivity to drowsiness, light- Physician’s
or medulla. Post- conditions. orphenadrine or its headedness, syncope,
Brand name: ganglionic components; tremor order
Norgesic forte anticholinergic effects myasthenia gravis; CV: Palpitations,  Identify patient
and some obstruction of the tachycardia  Explain the
Dosage: antihistaminic and bladder neck, EENT: Blurred vision, medication to
50 mg/650 mg tablet local anesthetic action duodenum, or pylorus; dry eyes, and mouth
the patient
contribute to skeletal prostatic hypertrophy; increased contact lens
Frequency: muscle relaxation. stenosing peptic ulcers awareness  Perform hand
1 tab q 8 hours (as GI: Abdominal hygiene
needed for pain) distention, DURING:
constipation, nausea,  Give I.V. form
Route: Oral vomiting over 5 minutes
GU: Urine retention with patient in
supine position.
 Have patient
stay in this
position for 5 to
10 minutes to
minimize
adverse
reactions.
 Help him to
sitting position.
AFTER:
 Advise patient
to avoid
hazardous
activities until
drug’s CNS
effects are
known.
 Explain that dry
mouth may
occur, and
suggest
increased fluid
intake, ice
 chips, and
sugarless
candy or gum.
 Document and
record

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISMS OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION NURSING

ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Selective beta2- Albuterol attaches to Indication for the Contraindicated in CV: Angina; BEFORE:
Salbutamol adrenergic agonist, beta2 receptors on treatment and patients with high arrhythmias, including  Check the
sympathomimetic bronchial cell prevention of blood pressure during atrial fibrillation, and Physician’s
Brand name: membranes, which bronchospasm (acute pregnancy, uterine tachycardia; chest order
Ventolin Rotacap stimulates the or severe) in patients infection, miscarriage, pain; hypertension;  Identify patient
 intracellular enzyme with reversible heart disease, and hypotension;  Explain the
Dosage: adenylate cyclase to obstructive airway hypersensitivity. palpitations medication to
200 mcg convert adenosine disease, including ENDO: Hyperglycemia the patient
triphosphate (ATP) to exercise-induced GI: Anorexia, diarrhea,  Perform hand
Frequency: 1 cap via cyclic adenosine bronchospasm. dysphagia, heartburn,
hygiene
handihaler q 6 hours monophosphate nausea, vomiting
DURING:
(as needed for (cAMP). This reaction GU: UTI
dyspnea) decreases intracellular RESP:  Administer
calcium levels. It also Bronchospasm, cough, pressurized
Route: Inhaled increases intracellular dyspnea, paradoxical inhalations of
levels of cAMP, as bronchospasm, albuterol during
shown. Together, pulmonary edema second half of
these effects relax inspiration.
bronchial smooth-  When airways
muscle cells and are open wider
inhibit histamine and aerosol
release. distribution is
more effective.
AFTER:
 Monitor serum
potassium level
because
albuterol may
cause transient
hypokalemia.
 Teach patient
to use inhaler.
Tell him to
shake canister
before use.
 Instruct patient
to wash
mouthpiece
with water once
a week and let
it air-dry.
 Tell patient to
immediately
report signs
and symptoms
of allergic
reaction, such
as difficulty
swallowing,
itching, and
rash.
 Document and
record.