Cagayan de Oro Network of Archdiocesan Schools

Holy Child High School, Inc.

Poblacion, Kinoguitan Misamis Oriental
Daily Learning Plan
MATH 8

NAME: ______________________________________ SECTION: _______________SCORE: _________

TEACHER: MS. APRIL JOY PENASO AGSALAN Date of Submission: March 4, 2022
MODULE 19 - 20: Solving Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables
In this lesson, you will learn to:
a. solve systems of linear equations in two variables by substitution and elimination methods;
b. solve problems involving systems of linear equations in two variables by graphing, substitution and
elimination; and
c. determine the most efficient method in solving system of linear equations in two variables.

Reference:
 Abuzo, Emmanuel P., et.al, Mathematics- Grade 8 Learner’s Module First Edition,
2013. Published by the Department of Education
 Chua, Simon L.et. al, Soaring 21st Century Mathematics Living with Elementary Algebra, 2009.
Phoenex Publishing House, Inc.
Values: Dedication and Critical Thinking
Concept Notes!

Lesson 1 Solving Problems Involving Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Solving Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables by Substitution

There are several methods for solving system of linear equations other than graphing. One of these
is the substitution method. When using the substitution method we use the fact that if two expressions 𝑦
and 𝑥 are of equal value 𝑥 = 𝑦, then 𝑥 may replace 𝑦 or vice versa in another expression without changing
the value of the expression. (Mathplanet.com)

Below are the illustrative examples to help you solve systems of linear equations in two variables using
substitution method.

Illustrative example1

Solve the system by substitution:

Step 1. Solve an equation for one variable.

𝒚=𝒙−𝟏 Equation 2 is already solved for 𝑦 in terms of x
Step 2. Substitute that expression for 𝑦 in the other linear equation to find 𝑥.
𝒙+𝒚 = 3 Given (Equation 1)
= 3 Equation 2 is already solved for y
𝑥 + (𝑥 − 1)
= 3 Associative Property of Addition
(𝑥 + 𝑥) − 1

2𝑥−1 = 3 Combine like terms

2𝑥 − 1 + 1 3+1 Add (+1) to both sides of the

= equation Addition Property of Equality
2𝑥 4 Additive Inverse
=

Multiply both sides by Multiplication

Property of
Equality
x = 𝟐 By simplification.
Step 3. To find the value of 𝑦, substitute the value of 𝑥 obtained in Step 2 in either of the
original equations. For this example we use equation since 𝑦 is already

expressed in terms of 𝑥:

𝒚 = 𝒙−𝟏 Given (Equation 2)

𝑦 = 2−1 Substitute 2 to 𝑥 in the equation

By simplification. 𝑦 = 1

Therefore, the ordered pair obtained is (2, 1).

Check the solution. Substitute the value of 𝑥 and 𝑦 obtained in 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 3.
Step 4. For equation 1: For equation 2:
𝑥+𝑦 =3 𝑦=𝑥−1
2+1 =3 1= 2 – 1
3 3 1 1

Both values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 satisfy the equations; therefore, the solution to the system is 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 1 or may be
written as (2, 1).
Recall that in your previous lesson, system of linear equations was classified as consistent and
independent, consistent and dependent, or inconsistent. Using substitution method, we can also do the
same. The system presented in Illustrative example 1 is consistent and independent system since it
has exactly one solution.

Illustrative example 2: Solve the system

Step 1. Solve an equation for one variable.

𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 Equation 1 is already solved for 𝑦 in terms of x

Step 2. Substitute the expression for 𝑦 in the other linear equation to find 𝑥.
2𝑥 = 𝑦 + 3 Given (Equation 2)
= (2𝑥 + 5) + 3 Substitute the value of y obtained
2𝑥
in Step 1
= 2𝑥 + 8 Combine like terms
2𝑥
2𝑥 −
The result 𝟎 2𝑥
= 𝟖 in=the2𝑥 + 8 − 2𝑥page isAdd
previous (−2𝑥)statement.
a false to both sides
Thisbymeans that for any
Addition Property of equality
values of 𝑥 and 𝑦, there is no ordered (x, y) that would satisfy the system of equation.
0
Hence, it has no solution. =Thus,
𝟖 the system is inconsistent.
FALSE

Illustrative Example 3:

Solve the system

Step 1. Solve an equation for one variable.

𝑥+𝑦=3 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 3 Solve for 𝑦 in terms of x
Notice that in Step 2, the resulting equation 9 = 9 is a true statement. The fact that the statement is true
for any value of 𝑥 and 𝑦, tells us that the solution set of the given system is an infinite set where all the
ordered pairs lie on the same line. Hence the given system of equations is consistent and dependent.
Solving Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables by Elimination

Another method of solving systems of linear equations in two variables is the

elimination method. The objective of this method is to eliminate one of the variables to find
the other variable.
This method requires us to add two equations or subtract one from another in order to
eliminate either x or y. Oftentimes, one may not proceed with the addition directly without first
multiplying either the first or second equation by some value. (Mathplanet.com) For your
guide, consider the examples below.

Illustrative Example 1: Solve the systems of equation by elimination:

Step 1. Write the equations in the standard form 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶. If the given equations are already
in standard form, proceed to Step 2.
Note that each equation in the system is already in the form 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶, hence,
proceed to Step 2.
Step 2. Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable, and then solve for the other
variable. In this example, note that the 𝑦 − 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 has a numerical coefficient that
are opposite, that is 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 1. Hence, addition can be used.
Given (Equation 1)
Given (Equation 2)
Eliminate 𝑦 by addition
Additive Identity
-Multiply both sides by Multiplication
Property of Equality

By simplification.
Step 3. Substitute the value of 𝑥 in either of the equations and solve for the value of 𝑦.

𝑥+𝑦 = 3 Given (Equation 1)

2+𝑦 = 3 Substitute 𝑥 by 2

2 + (−2) + 𝑦 = (−2) + 3 Add (−2) to both sides by Addition

Property of Equality
𝒚 = 𝟏 By simplification.

Therefore, the ordered pair obtained is (2, 1).

Step 4. Check the solution. Substitute the value of 𝑥 and 𝑦 obtained in 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 3.

For equation 1: For equation 2:

𝑥+𝑦 = 3 𝑦 = 𝑥−1
2+1 = 3 1 = 2−1
3 = 3 1 = 1

Both values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 satisfy the equations; therefore, the solution to the system is 𝑥 = 2
and 𝑦 = 1 or may be written as (2, 1).

Illustrative Example 2: Solve the system by elimination.

Step 1. Write the equations in the standard form 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶.

−5𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 3 ⟹ 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 3 Standard form of Equation 1

3𝑥 + 𝑦 = −4 Equation 2 is already in
 standard from

The system is now

Step 2. Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable, and then solve for the other
variable. To add or subtract, coefficients must be opposites or the same.

- Multiply each term in equation 2 by 5

5(3𝑥 + 𝑦) = 5(−4) so that the coefficients of y in both
Equations 1 and 2 become opposites.
𝟏𝟓𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = −𝟐𝟎 - Equivalent equation of 3x + y = -
4.

-equation 1
-Equivalent to equation 2
- eliminate y by adding the 2 equations
-Additive Identity

1
- Multiply both sides by
7
multiplication
Property of Equality
𝒙 = −𝟏
-By simplification

Step 3. Substitute the value of x in either of the equations and solve for the value of 𝑦.

−5𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 3 Given (Equation 1)

−5𝑦 = −2(−1) + 3 Substitute 𝑥 by −1

−5𝑦 = 2+3 - Simplify

−5𝑦 = 5
1
− (−5𝑦) =
1
− 5 (5) −1
5 - Multiply by by Multiplication Property of
5
𝒚 = −𝟏 equality
.

Therefore, the ordered pair obtained is (−1, −1).

Step 4. Check the solution. Substitute the value of 𝑥 and 𝑦 obtained in 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 3.

For equation 1: For equation 2:

−5𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 3 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = −4
−5(−1) = −2(−1) + 3 3(−1) + (−1) = −4
5 = 2+3 −3 − 1 = −4
5 = 5 −4 = −4

Both values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 satisfy the equations; therefore, the solution to the system is 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑦
= −1 or may be written as (−1,−1).
Illustrative example 3: Solve the system

Since both equations are already in the standard form 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶, then we can proceed directly to the next
step. To eliminate one variable, multiply one or both equations by a number or numbers which will make the
coefficients of either 𝑥 or 𝑦 the same or opposite in both equations and perform addition or subtraction.
𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 12 Equation 1

−2(𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 12) Multiply both sides by −2

−𝟐𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 = −𝟐𝟒 Distributive Property, New Equation 1

Equivalent
of
Equation
1 Equation 2
Elimination by Addition

Notice that 0 = 0 is a true statement. The fact that the statement is true for any value of 𝑥 and 𝑦, tells us
that the solution set of the given system is an infinite set with all the ordered pairs lie on the same line. Hence
the given system of equations is dependent.

Solving Problems Involving Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables

You have learned that systems of linear equations in two variables can be solved by graphing, substitution
and elimination methods. This time, let us apply these methods in solving problems involving real-life
scenarios. We can solve these problems by translating them to systems of equations and by using the
problem-solving procedures as enumerated below.

Steps in problem-solving: (Polya’s Approach)

1. Understand the problem. Read the problem carefully and decide which quantities are
unknown.
2. Develop a plan (Translate). Study the stated facts until you understand their meaning.
Then translate the related facts into equations in two variables.
3. Carry out the plan (Solve). Use one of the methods for solving systems of equations. State
the conclusions clearly. Include unit of measure if applicable.
4. Looking back. Check answers directly against the facts of the problems. Write a statement
to answer the question being asked in the problem.

Below are the illustrative examples applying the different methods of solving systems of linear
equations in two variables you learned in the previous modules.

Illustrative Example 1: (Age Problem)

The sum of Janna age and Jelo's age is 40. Two years ago, Janna was twice as old as Jelo. Find
Janna’s age now.

Step 1: Understand the problem.

Make sure that you read the question carefully several times. Since we are looking for Janna’s age, we
will let
𝒙 = Janna's age,
𝒚 = Jelo's age
Step 2: Devise a plan (translate).

Since we have 2 unknowns, we need to form a system with two equations.

For equation 1: The sum of Janna and Jelo's age is 40. 

For equation 2: Two years ago, Janna was twice as old as Jelo.

Janna (two years ago) = 2 times Jelo’s age (two years ago)

Simplify. Use distributive Property

Combine like terms

Putting the two equations together in a system we get:

Equation 1
Equation 2

Step 3: Carry out the plan (solve).

Use one of the methods for solving systems of equations. For this example, we use elimination method.
Since the numerical coefficients of x are equal, we can use elimination by subtraction.
Equation 1

Equation 2
To find Jelo’s age,

Multiply both sides by

by
Multiplication Property of
Equality By simplification

To find Janna’s age

Use equation 1 to find
Janna’s age
Substitute the value of y obtained
Add both sides by by Addition Property of
Equality
By simplification
Step 4: Look back (check and interpret).

Check answers directly against the facts of the problems. Substitute the value of
and to both equations

Sum of Janna’s and Jello’s age

Two years ago, Janna was twice as old as Jelo

Therefore: Janna’s age is 26

Illustrative Example 2: (Number Problem)

The sum of two numbers is 14 and their difference is 2. Find the numbers.
Step 1: Understand the problem.
Make sure that you read the question carefully several times. Since we are looking for the two
numbers, we will let

x = first number,
y = second number
Step 2: Devise a plan (translate).

Since we have 2 unknowns, we need to form a system with two equations

For equation 1: The sum of two numbers is 14  𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14

For equation 2: Their difference is 2.  𝑥−𝑦=2

Putting the two equations together in a system we get:

Step 3: Carry out the plan (solve).

Use one of the methods for solving systems of equations. For this example, we use elimination method
since the coefficients of variable y are already the same and with opposite signs.

To find the first number:

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14 Eliminate y by addition to find the value of 𝑥

Multiply both sides by by Multiplication

Property of Equality
By simplification.

To find the second number.

𝑥+𝑦 = 14 Use equation 1 to find the second

number
8+𝑦 = 14 Substitute the value of 𝑥
8+𝑦−8 = 14 − 8 Add (−8) to both sides by Addition
Property of Equality
𝒚 = 𝟔 By simplification

Step 4: Look back (check and interpret).

Check answers directly against the facts of the problems. Substitute the value of x and y to both
equations.

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14 𝑥−𝑦= 2
8 + 6 = 14 8−6= 2
14 = 14 2= 2
Therefore, the first number is 8, and the second number is 6
Activity 1: Substitute!

Directions: Solve each system of equations by substitution. Check your solutions.

Activity 2: Who Will Be Eliminated?

Directions: Identify the terms that can be eliminated. If elimination by addition or subtraction cannot be
directly performed, state first the number or numbers that should be multiplied to one or both equations (see
example). Then solve each system by elimination. Check your solutions.
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 = −𝟕 Multiply first equation 2 by 4, then
𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: { eliminate (−4𝑦) and 4𝑦.
𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎

1. 𝒙 + 𝒚 = −𝟏 3.
{
𝒙−𝒚 =𝟑

2. 4.
𝒙+𝒚 = 𝟓
{
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟖

Question:

1. How did you identify the terms to be eliminated?

Activity 3: Am I consistent or Inconsistent?
Directions: Solve each system of equations by substitution or elimination. Determine whether the system is
consistent and independent, consistent and dependent, or inconsistent.

Question:

1. How will you describe the solution to each system of equations?

Activity 4: Problems Solved!

Directions: Read each problem carefully and solve as required. Then answer the questions that follow. Use a
separate sheet of paper.

A. The Number Game

The sum of two numbers is 90. The larger number is 14 more than 3 times the smaller number. Find
the numbers.

Questions:
1. What equations can be formed to determine the two numbers?
2. What method of solving systems of linear equation in two variables can best be applied to solve
this problem?
3. What are the two numbers?