BPTS MANUSCRIPT FINAL 10162021 - v5

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The transportation system in the Philippines is an important component in
the development of areas in different cities. Public transportation plays a
significant role in shortening commuter journey times and improving their
experience. However, the development of public transportation within the
developing context is experiencing inefficient operations, service delays, and
poor service quality. Also, transportation is crucial to the development of the
country.
One of the important components of public transportation operations is the
fare payment method that can improve the accessibility of riding public vehicles
and provide a secure payment environment for passengers. Advanced
technology helps to enhance the customer experience; adaption of smart
payment schemes allows integrating ticketing to enhance the quality of public
transportation services. Particularly, it aims to provide planning and policy
recommendations on smartcard uptake and integrated ticketing for improving
public transportation provision management.
Innovation in ticketing systems should attract more public transport
passengers, resulting in fewer private cars entering the urban area and greater
passenger satisfaction. The accessibility of public transport in general is
enhanced with the introduction of a ticketing system valid for all services and
vehicle types.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the smart payment
schemes used these days that helps commuters find more reliable
transportation. It is currently making a huge difference in the transportation sector
having the ability to support an incredibly versatile range. Having applications for
RFID technology in the transportation sector can give benefits that they can offer.
Upgraded existing processes will be beneficial for the process of making
transportation more accessible for passengers. Improvements to the fare system
will help the community to have a cashless payment method on public
transportation, and it has big implications for passengers throughout.
Binangonan Port is located in Binangonan, Rizal. It is composed of 23
barangays on the mainland and 17 barangays on the island. Before the
pandemic started, boats could carry up to 40 passengers from the different
barangays on the mainland to different barangays on the island and vice versa.
Back then, before the passengers had their seat in the boat, they had to write
their names first on the paper that the drivers had provided, and the process of
payment was that they had to give their payment directly to the driver of the boat.
When the pandemic started, there were changes that happened because of
safety protocols like social distancing and less physical contact with other people.
As for the port's new rule, they had to lessen the passengers they allowed to ride
per boat but still kept track of the time of every travel.
With the mentioned changes, the project team were encouraged to
propose a system that helped the passengers in Binangonan still be able to

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travel easily from the mainland to the island without getting late and by paying
cashless, which follows the safety protocols in the event of a pandemic.
Objective of the Project
The general objective of the project is to design and develop the
Binangonan Port Ticketing System at Binangonan Port.
Specifically, this project aims:
1. To determine the quality assurance testing of the developed
system.
2. To determine the user acceptance testing of the developed
system using the user acceptance criteria.
Scope and Limitation of the Project
This capstone project focuses on the design and development of the
Binangonan Port Ticketing System for the Port of Talim Island Binangonan, Rizal
during the academic year of 2020-2021. This project was developed for the
passengers to have an easy way of transportation to the Binangonan Port that is
located in the province of Rizal.
The project was developed using ASP.net and Microsoft SQL 2018 for the
database.
The developed system is a web-based system that helps passengers
reserve and plan their travel schedule. It records the payment transactions,
secures the system account, and generates reports. The system will have an
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RFID card that will be used by passengers to pay for their fare. It has a unique ID
number that the system will recognize. When the card has been scanned, the
amount that the card has will automatically be deducted and if the card doesn't
have enough amount, the passenger can reload the card.
The system can record the history of the passenger. The system has four
different user level access; the Head Admin, Admin, Cashier and the Passenger.
The Head Admin has access to all the records in the system, they can insert,
update and deactivate records. The Admin has the access to the Staff data,
monitors the Passengers’ booked tickets and transactions; the Cashier is
responsible for receiving the payments, reloading the card and register new
passenger; the Passenger can access their account and browse the history of
their travel.
The project team utilized the agile software development life cycle model
as their project development framework in the conduct of the project. There were
a total of ten (10) respondents, which were composed of two (2) Admins who
manage the system and eight (8) passengers who tested and validated the user
acceptance testing.
Significance of the Project
The result of the project would be extremely notable to the beneficiaries,
as follows:
Passengers. The project was important to the passengers because it
allowed them to obtain a booking for a ticket. It would help the passengers to
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schedule their reservations by not having any contact with other people, and
through the use of the system, they could save time.
Head Admin. This project would help them modify the system, managing
and controlling all the data of the passengers, staff, drivers and boats.
Staff. This project would be able to help them easily monitor all the data of
the passengers, drivers, and other authorized users that they have in the system.
Project Team. Through this project, the project team has gained
experience in how to develop a system. Also, it made them understand the
importance of information technology systematically in communities.
The future Project Team. This project would be a useful reference for the
project team who would plan to undertake any related project. This project can
serve as a foundation for their project in connection with other similar systems.
Definition of Terms
The following terminologies are operationally described in order to provide
a mutual understanding of this project:
Binangonan Port. It is the harbor for boats in Binangonan, Rizal, where the
passengers' only mode of transportation comes from the mainland to the island
and vice versa.
Passengers. They are the people who ride the boat as their transportation
going to the mainland in Binangonan, Rizal.

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Reservation. It is one of the features that is included in the developed
system wherein it arranges and accepts a passenger to reserve and secure a
seat in a boat.
RFID Radio-frequency identification. The modern ticketing tool is used for
reliable transportation and a wireless, non-contact use of radio frequency waves
to transport data. It is also a feature that is used in the developed system wherein
passengers can pay cashless.
User Acceptance Testing. It is where the end-users partake in the testing
to see if the developed system meets the requirements that the end-users are
looking for.
Quality Assurance Testing. It is a procedure that helps the project team to
see if there are still errors in the system that need to be fixed.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY
Public Transportation
Public transportation provides commuters with convenient ways to reach
their destinations in an inexpensive way compared to private vehicles.
Passengers may find it more efficient and convenient if they combine an
innovation with the touch of a modern technology tool.
According to Zeng et al. (2014), public transportation systems play an
important role in modern cities, providing shared or massive transportation
services that are essential for the general public. Public transportation is an
innovative way to build a modern city that has always been a fast-paced
environment and is essential for the public.
According to the study by Shen et al. (2020), due to the continuous spread
worldwide of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), long-term effective
prevention and control measures should be adopted for public transportation
facilities, as they are increasing in popularity and serve as the principal method of
travel for many people. People must know the prevention and control measures
such as personal protection and vehicle disinfection for public transportation, and
this will help the project to produce a system that has a reservation and does not
need close contact.
As mentioned by Opurum (2012), having an automated payment system
for public transportation is preferred over the mechanical system of fare
collection, and will have a positive impact on both public transportation and
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revenue, if efficiently operated. Moreover, automation in fare collection has
indeed influenced the travel patterns of most mass transportation patrons.
As mentioned in Section 10. Article XIV of the Constitution of Republic of
the Philippines:
“Science and technology are essential for

national development and progress. The State
shall give priority to research and development,
invention, innovation and their utilization; and to
science and technology, education, training, and
services period. It shall support indigenous,
appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and
technological capabilities, and their application to
the country’s productive systems and national
life.”
The above article addresses that applying technology to different customs
and methods can lead to development as well as being productive for the state.
Public transportation can provide a productive and innovative society with the
development of the ticketing system.
Bustillo, Cendana, and Palaoag (2017), states that with greater demand
for public transportation, fare collection payment could be a major hassle for both
drivers and passengers. The acceptability of the use of smart cards could result
in a highly sustainable transportation payment system in the Philippines that can
help promote convenient and standardized fare collection.
Public transportation is the easiest way to ensure business continuity, and
many people need to leave their home to generate income. Also, provision of
products and services remains dependent on workers accessing their jobs.
(Gomez, 2020).
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The stated literature and studies clearly show that when it comes to
transportation, even though there is a pandemic, it is continuously operational
and helpful in many ways. And, in this time of pandemic, close contact in public
must be avoided, so passengers on all public transportation systems must avoid
physical contact with other passengers and drivers to avoid the spread of
viruses. Contactless fare payment in public transportation can help to reduce the
risk of spreading the virus. Also, long-term effective prevention can be
normalized on public transportation for the next few years.
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)
Software is an essential and innovative solution through which most
organizations, whether public or private, can have an efficient and effective
information management system. Furthermore, the integration of Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) in various system processes is widely used to
build security in data.
(Singh et al., 2014) states that Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is
based on wireless communication systems and offers easy integration into the
internet cloud system. The potential of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag
sensors has been studied in different industrial sectors, including public
transportation. It stores and processes information. The information retrieved
from the chip in the Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) will be transmitted to
the reader to track and identify the information stored in the Radio-Frequency
Identification (RFID). (Zhu et al., 2012).

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Among the different tools used to enhance traceability, Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) has witnessed significant interest in recent years. Radio-
Frequency Identification (RFID) enables members to collect information. It has
also seen diverse applications in a variety of sectors and industries. (Wamba et
al., 2016)
It is a more effective tool for tracing every piece of information, which will
be more advantageous in the present project, which has a lot of information
about the passengers. Further, in numerous sectors, specifically in public
transportation, this tool will make the process of payment a lot easier.
In conformity with the study by Liukkonen et al. (2015), RFID is now
gaining wider acceptance because of the emergence of low-cost Radio-
Frequency Identification (RFID) tags. Further, the miniaturization of the
technology has further enabled its application in smaller products. Furthermore,
in the study of Al-Ghawi, Hussain, Al Rahbi, and Hussain (2016), they used
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) modules that automatically collect tolls
from moving vehicles when they cross the toll plaza, presenting a low-cost and
efficient technique. Process of toll collection will save time, effort, and manpower.
In addition, the advantage of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) over other
traceability devices is the ability to withstand harsh environments. Radio-
Frequency Identification (RFID) tags are durable and can be read through almost
all non-metallic materials and in extreme hot weather. This durability is a major
factor in favor of industries adopting Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID).
Attaran (2012)
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The literature mentioned can help the present project to have a Radio-
Frequency Identification (RFID) system for passengers and drivers to save time,
prompt transactions, and be contactless in fare payment. Additionally, with the
use of low-cost Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology that can be
more efficient to use and has a quick process, it is also expected that it will be
more in demand in the coming years.
Moreover, the project team believes that having a Radio-Frequency
Identification (RFID) card has more advantages in terms of innovation in public
transportation and contactless fare payment for passengers, admins, and staff at
the port. As well, it is more durable and efficient to use, and it has advantages in
terms of contact tracing. It tracks the registered owner of the Radio-Frequency
Identification (RFID) card and it is easier to process transactions.
Ticketing System
One issue with starting a business is establishing a ticketing system, is the
manual operating process of inventory reports. The ticketing system is becoming
popular in information technology systems that make the difference between
staying competitive and helping the community to make things easier with the
touch of modern technology.
As attested by Ellison, R. B. (2017), smartcards and other electronic
tickets have become integral to modern public transportation systems. While
aggregate ridership figures have generally been positive, little is known about the
drivers behind these changes because of lack of travel information on individuals

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before and after implementation of such systems. This presents an analysis of
the naturalistic travel behavior of residents that coincided with the phased
introduction of the smartcard system.
According to the book by Sarkar, C. et al. (2017) entitled "IEEE
Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 2" In smartcard-based
travel payment systems, passengers have to place the smartcard near the
journey registration devices once each for check-in and check-out to authenticate
their travel.
As mentioned by (D'silva, G. M. et al., 2017) the number of passengers is
countless, which results in various issues such as never-ending queues, wastage
of paper, lots of resources, and staff utilization. A smart ticketing system
architecture which completely scraps the idea of paper tickets and completely
harnesses the amount of money commuters have invested in their travel.
As reported by Abadilla, E. V. (2020), the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
will roll-out an automated ticketing system in all ports. It will be very useful and
there will be fewer errors in producing the tickets. Based on the software used for
the ticketing system, it is an asset to a company.
The statement from the Philippine Ports Authority can help the present
project to create a system that is automated and can help passengers to easily
process their tickets.
As stated by Varun and Suhas (2018), the most popular form of
automated ticketing is using Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID). The Radio-
Frequency Identification (RFID)-based ticketing system is inexpensive to

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implement and reliable in operation. The systems rely on the promptness of
passengers to ensure ticketless travel for public transportation.
With all the literature and studies mentioned above, the project team
believes that a ticketing system can lessen the difficulties in processing
passengers’ tickets, and paperless tickets can be a lot more convenient and
inexpensive. In addition, to provide the Port of Talim Island with a systematic
method of handling every transaction and an automatic method of organizing the
data of every passenger on a daily basis.
Online Reservation
In accordance with Oloyede, Alaya, and Adewole, (2014) having a system
that has an integrated reservation system that is more efficient in information
update and reservation handling and also easy to use. Also, reservation services
that provide information to their passengers without the limitation of office hours
or manpower.
One recent study concluded that "Technological developments are being
witnessed by the public transportation sector, which forms a major part of the
economy. In the modern era, travelers are educated, well-informed, and very
aware of the trends in technology. They want to adopt better and smart ways to
buy products or avail services. They just reserve their tickets through the internet,
which helps them to save time and, at the same time, avail various other
benefits.“(Sathish and Sudha, 2020)

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As a conclusion, the project team believes that implementing an innovated
system has great help in providing services to people, and the administration of
the port can be more helpful in saving time and manpower. Also, to give and
process the particular data for the ease of handling the system.
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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
Project Development Framework
In conducting this project, the Project Team utilized the agile methodology
in the software development life cycle (SDLC).
The SDLC is a conceptual model used in project management that
describes the stages involved in an information system development project,
from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application.
SDLC can apply to technical and non-technical systems, in most use cases a
system is an IT technology such as hardware and software. Project and program
managers typically take part in SDLC, along with system and software engineers,
development teams and end-users (Inrico E.J., 2019).
Agile method is tested in a dynamic environment and proved to be very
flexible by adapting to the changes happening in the business. In addition, the
methodologies of Agile have overcome the traditional methods of the waterfall
model by becoming flexible, fast, lean, responsive, and consistent.
Stages involved in the agile software development model include the
requirement, planning, designing, development, testing and deployment phase.

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Figure 1
Project Framework for the Development of Binangonan Port Ticketing System.

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The first phase is the gathering of information, and conducting an
interview was needed to list the initial requirements before the designing and
developing of the project started. The Project Team gathered information from
the port's admin, passengers, and other possible users of the proposed system.
Secondly, the planning stage. The Project Team analyzed how the system
would work based on the collected business requirements during the first stage.
On further iteration, the respondents and the Project Team reviewed the
requirements and made them more relevant to the system development process.
Thirdly, the design stage that proceeded into the graphical user interface
derived from the requirements gathered together with the architecture of the
database, and construction of dataflow diagram using the: Context DFD and
Level 0 DFD to distinguished how the data will be processed. Moreover, the
unified modeling language that illustrated the access level of each user of the
developed system. HTML and CSS were used to visualize how the system
works.
Fourthly, the development stage is where the code is written and
converted from design documentation into actual software within the software
development process. The project team started the development of the system
using ASP.net and Microsoft SQL Server for the back end and front end of the
system.
Followed by the testing stage, unit testing and quality assurance testing
are conducted to ensure the quality and avoid errors in advance.

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Finally, the deployment stage, user’s preparation and acceptance testing
was done to test if the system met the end-user requirements.
Once all previous development phases are completed, the Project Team
reviews the progress made towards completing the requirements.
Afterwards, the agile software development lifecycle phases start anew‒
either with a new iteration or by moving toward the next stage.
That being the case, the mentioned software development framework
was relevant since it is one of the simplest and yet adequate ways to develop the
project. It illustrates the development of the whole system undertook by the
Project Team, from the gathering of data up to the deployment of the system.
Locale of the Project
The setting of the project is in Binangonan, Rizal. It lies between the
foothills of the Sierra Madre and the shores of Laguna de Bay. It is composed of
23 mainland and 17 island barangays. Binangonan’s major historical landmark is
the 200-year-old Santa Ursula Parish, located at the heart of the town. Their
main livelihood is fishing and farming. This is where they transport residents and
tourists by boat from Talim Island, Navotas, and Laguna docks. Fish pen and fish
cage owners, as well as small fishermen, use this port to transport their
harvested fish.
Talim Island is Binangonan, Rizal. A dagger-shaped island in the heart of
Laguna de Bay, in the municipality of Binangonan, Rizal Province,

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Philippines.Talim Island is endowed with mountains and hills such as Susong
Dalaga and Mt. Tagapo.
There are boats that can be ridden by passengers from the mainland to
various barangays within Talim Island, but the boats only leave when they gather
enough passengers. On the way to Talim Island, the boat stops at every
barangay and unloads passengers there.
Subject of the Project
The expected respondents for this project were a total of ten (10), which
was composed of two (2) Admins who manage the system and also assist the
passengers, and eight (8) passengers who tested and gave feedback to the
system. The project is for all the passengers to make it easy for them to book a
ride.
The Project Team considered the selected participants for the reason that
they could evaluate the approval of the project, seeing that they are the most
suitable for the purpose, capable and well-informed about the whole process of
the system.
Procedures of the Project
In order to build a good capstone project that is scientific and systematic,
the Project Team followed the procedural process in leading the project:
First, conceptualized the idea and consulted the capstone project
instructor. After this, they managed a number of interviews and examined the
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result that satisfied the needs of their project. Based on the collected data, the
Project Team came up with an analysis. Along with that was the selection of the
title proposal examined by the panel during the title defense. Later on, the panel
elected the most applicable title, which was the "Binangonan Port Ticketing
System."
Next on, with all the gathered data and requirements for the system, they
started working with the first and second chapters. After which, they sought the
opinion of their capstone adviser to check for errors, instructions and correction
of the manuscript. Then, the development of the next chapter started in Chapter
3 followed by the preparation of finalizing and checking the revision of the
manuscript for the pre-oral defense or colloquium. During the colloquium, the
panels provided assessment and feedback on the presented proposal.
The manuscript was revised in accordance with the recommendations and
suggestions of the panels during the pre-oral defense and the soft copy of the
manuscript was submitted to their capstone project instructor.
Thereafter, the development of the system has been accomplished for a
few months under the supervision of the adviser and panel experts. A few tests
would be needed for the system functionality, including quality assurance testing.
The Project Team assessed and determined the required specification for the
end user’s satisfaction of the developed system. Along with that, the user
acceptance testing has been taken into examination of the effectiveness of the
said project, and the system has been evaluated by the selected respondents for
quality assurance. At that time, another preparation for the finalizing and revision
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of the manuscript for the final oral defense would be considered. During that, the
panel of experts evaluated the overall system to see if it met their satisfaction.
Their evaluation has been taken into consideration, as well as their
recommendations and the like. Finally, the manuscript will be then again revised
in accordance with the assessment of the panel during the final oral defense and
the soft copy of the manuscript will be then submitted to their capstone project
instructor along with the submission of hardbound.

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Chapter 4
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
System Flowchart
This system flowchart is a comprehensive guide to represent the workflow
or process of the overall system. It graphically illustrates the major processes,
inputs, and outputs of the system and is primarily used for the physical modeling
of the recommended system, entitled "Binangonan Port Ticketing System."

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Data Flow Diagram
This dataflow diagram represents how the data of the Binangonan Port
Ticketing System flows, is processed, and is accessed by the users. It uses
Gane and Sarson for the symbols.
Context DFD
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Level 0 DFD
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Database Schema
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Unified Modeling Language

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Cost and Benefit Analysis
Costs:
Item Quantity Estimated Cost Total Cost
System Development
Software Developer 6 months 30,000.00 180,000.00
Web Hosting Service 12 months 509.00 6,108.00
Hardware Equipment:
Desktop Computers with 3 40,000.00 120,000.00
supporting software
RFID Reader (13.56 MHz) 2 350.00 700.00
RFID Card 100 20.00 2,000.00
Printer with ink 2 4,000.00 8,000.00
Internet Service Provider 12 months 2,500.00 30,000.00
Installation and Networking:
Labor - 20,000.00 20,000.00
Networking Materials - 20,000.00 20,000.00
Training Cost:
Orientation for Employees 3 persons 4,500.00 13,500.00
Maintenance Cost:
Maintenance workers 2 20,000.00 40,000.00
Other Costs:
Expenses due to inefficiency - 30,000.00 30,000.00
during first moths
Supplies - 5,000.00 5,000.00
Electricity 12 months 10,000.00 120,000.00
TOTAL COST: 595,308.00
Benefit:
Item Estimated Benefit per
Year
More ability to manage and maintain transactions and 300,000.00
reservations
Improved efficiency and reliability of online booking 240,000.00
Improved accurateness of passengers, employees, 150,000.00
drivers, and boats data
Improved arrangement of schedules 150,000.00
TOTAL BENEFITS: 840,000.00
Return of Investment:
ROI = ((Benefits - Cost) / Cost) * 100
ROI = ((840,000.00 - 595,308.00) / 595,308.00) * 100
ROI = (.41) * 100
ROI = 41% per year
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Program Output
Figure 2
Log In Page
Figure 3
Passenger Registration
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Figure 4
Passenger: Home Page
Figure 5
Passenger: Book a ticket

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Figure 6
Passenger: History
Figure 7
Passenger: Announcements
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Figure 8
Passenger: Profile Display
Figure 9
Passenger: Changing Password and Username

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Figure 10
Cashier: Log In
Figure 11
Cashier: Home Page

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Figure 12
Cashier: Load Card
Figure 13
Cashier: Registration
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Figure 14
Cashier: Profile
Figure 15
Cashier: Settings
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Figure 16
Admin: Log In
Figure 17
Admin: Home Page

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Figure 18
Admin: Registration
Figure 19
Admin: Passenger Registration

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Figure 20
Admin: Reservation
Figure 21
Admin: Reports
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Figure 22
Admin: Announcement
Figure 23
Admin: Card Scanner

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Figure 24
Admin: Profile
Figure 25
Admin: Settings
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Figure 26
Admin: Schedules
Figure 27
Head Admin: Log In

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Figure 28
Head Admin: Home Page
Figure 29
Head Admin: Load Card

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Figure 30
Head Admin: Registration
Figure 31
Head Admin: Passenger Registration Button

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Figure 32
Head Admin: Passenger Registration Confirmation
Figure 33
Head Admin: Passenger Registration

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Figure 34
Head Admin: Driver Registration
Figure 35
Head Admin: Boat Registration

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Figure 36
Head Admin: Staff Registration
Figure 37
Head Admin: Scheduling

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Figure 38
Head Admin: Reservation with notification
Figure 39
Head Admin: Reports

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Figure 40
Head Admin: List of Passengers
Figure 41
Head Admin: List of Boats and Drivers

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Figure 42
Head Admin: List of Staffs
Figure 43
Head Admin: List of reload and scanned card

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Figure 44
Head Admin: Announcements
Figure 45
Head Admin: Manage Button

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Figure 46
Head Admin: Manage Passenger
Figure 47
Head Admin: Manage Driver

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Figure 48
Head Admin: Manage Staff
Figure 49
Head Admin: Manage Fare

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Figure 50
Head Admin: Manage Boat
Figure 51
Head Admin: Profile

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Figure 52
Head Admin: Settings and Change Password
Figure 53
Head Admin: Change Username

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Figure 54
Head Admin: Card Scanner
Figure 55
Head Admin: Cashier Function

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Software Requirement
During the development of the system, the project team used Asp.net as
the programming language and Microsoft SQL 2018 for the database. The
project team also used Asp.net for the designing of the System Interface. Upon
deployment, the developed system will run with Microsoft IIS Server and MS SQL
Server.
For end-users, a web browser and an internet connection are required to
access the system.
Hardware Requirements
For the system to have excellent performance, it requires the following
hardware: An entry level server where the system will be stored. A
client/personal computer with at least a core i3 processor and 4GB of RAM for a
better system performance. A 15-inch monitor, an optical mouse and PS2
keyboard, and an RFID reader. An inkjet printer for printing the reports. Also, a
high-speed Internet connection contributes to more effective and quality system
processes.
For the deployment of the developed system, it requires an IBM Server
that will handle overall performance of the system. The system also requires an
RFID Card and RFID Reader for the transaction process between the system
and the end-users.
For the end-users, any gadgets can be used as long as they have a web
browser and an internet connection in order to use the system.

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Quality Assurance Testing

This quality assurance testing shows the system’s functionality and
accessibility for the end-users. Based on the tests that were done, all of the
functions and accessibility of the system were working, and based on the results,
it was easy to use and all of the results were passed and did not have a failed
mark in the actual result.
2
3
6 4
Test Case Code: Test No. 1

Description: Authenticate that the following objects/fields are present and functioning at
Login for passengers
Function: Passenger: Login System
Item No. Step Expected Result Actual
Result
1 Check if the System title is on the System title is on the screen Passed
screen
2 Input alphanumeric and special Accept alphanumeric characters Passed
characters on the Username textbox
characters on the Password textbox
4 Click the log in button with the correct You are now logged in to your Passed
username and password account
Click the login button with Incorrect A message will appear saying that
username and password your password or username are
incorrect then once the button was
clicked the user will require to try
another username and password
5 If you’re a staff, just click the link “Click You are now on the web form of the Passed
Here” Staff
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6 Click the link “Here” You are now on the web Staff Login Passed
form
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Registration for passengers

Function: Registration
Item Step Expected Result Actual
Result
1 Click the underlined button Passengers Registration form will Passed
appear
2 Encode Last Name Last Name is encoded Passed
3 Encode First Name First Name is encoded Passed
4 Enter Email Email is encoded Passed
5 Encode your Town/Province Town/Province is entered Passed
6 Encode Barangay Barangay is encoded Passed
7 Choose your Gender Gender is displayed Passed
8 Select your Birth Date: Month, Day, and Month, Day, and Year is displayed Passed
Year
9 Enter your Age Age is entered Passed
10 Enter Contact Number Contact Number is entered Passed
11 Encode Emergency Contact Person Emergency Contact Person is Passed
encoded
12 Encode Emergency Contact Number Emergency Contact Number is Passed
encoded
13 Encode Relationship Relationship is encoded Passed
14 Choose Type of Passenger Type of Passenger is displayed Passed
15 Create Username Username is created Passed
16 Create Password Password is created Passed
17 Status is enabled Automatically displayed Status Passed
18 Click the Save button You are now a Registered Passed
Passenger
5 6
2 4

Description: Check if the content of the homepage is clickable
Function: Passenger’s homepage
No. Result
1 Check if the Available Balance is present on the Can view the remaining Passed
67
screen balance
2 Click the Book a Ticket Present the reservation Passed
form
3 Click the Announcement Announcement page will Passed
appear
4 Click the History Can present the History Passed
5 Click the Profile Profile form will appear Passed
6 Click the Settings Setting form will appear Passed

68
7 8
10
9
11

Description: Check if it enables for the user to book a reservation
Function: Booking a ticket
Item Step Expected Result Actual Result
No.
1 Check the Reservation ID Reservation ID is automatically Passed
presented
2 Check the Pass ID Pass ID automatically presented Passed
3 Check the Last name Last name is automatically presented Passed
4 Check the First name First name is automatically presented Passed
5 Check the Email Email is automatically presented Passed

6 Select a date Selected date will appear below the Passed
calendar
7 Select your current location Location is selected Passed
8 Select an area where to go Area is selected Passed
9 Select a time Time is selected Passed

10 Check the rate Can present the rate Passed
11 Click the button reserved The message box will appear telling “You Passed
have booked a reservation successfully.
Thank you!”
If the date is past the current date, it will

not reserve the ticket.
69
1
2

Description: Check if you can look into your notification
Function: Checking Announcements
No.
1 Check if there is an Announcement can be seen Passed
announcement displayed
2 Click the arrow You are now back on the home page Passed

Description: Check if you can look into your history
Function: Checking History
No.
1 Check the reservation Reservation and Load history are on the Passed
and Load history screen
2 Click the arrow You are now back on the home page Passed
70
2 8
9
10
12 11
3
4
5
7 6

Description: Check if you can easily change the password and username
Function: Changing Password and Username
Item No. Step Expected Result Actual Result
71
1 Click the settings icon Present settings form Passed

2 Click the button change Username, current, & new password Passed
password textbox will appear
3 Encode your username Username is encoded Passed
4 Encode your current password Current Password is encoded Passed
5 Encode your new password New password is encoded Passed
6 Click the save icon The password is updated Passed
7 Click the return icon You are now back at the settings Passed
8 Click the button Username Username and new username will Passed
appear
9 Encode your username Username is encoded Passed
10 Encode your new username New username is encoded Passed
11 Click the edit icon The username is updated Passed
12 Click the return icon You are now back on the settings Passed
form
72
1
2
10
11

Description: Check if you can look into your profile
Function: Checking and Updating Profile
1 Click the Profile icon Profile form will appear Passed
2 Click the Update Profile Update Profile form will appear Passed
Birth Date is enabled Automatically displayed

5 Encode Town/Province Town/Province is encoded Passed
7 Encode Emergency Contact Encode Emergency Contact Passed
Person Person is encoded
8 Encode Emergency Contact Encode Emergency Contact Passed
Number Number is encoded
10 Enter Email Email is entered Passed
11 Click “Update Profile” Your profile is now updated Passed
73
4
2 3
5

Login for Head Admin
Function: Head Admin: Log in system
No.
screen
5 Click the underline button Passengers Registration Form Passed
will appear
74
8 10
1 9 11
2
]
3
4 ]

Function: Head Admin: Homepage
No.
1 Click the Cashier Reload card form will appear Passed
2 Click the Registration Registration button will appear Passed

3 Click the Schedule Schedule form will appear Passed
4 Click the Reservations Reservation form will appear Passed
5 Click the Reports Report’s button will appear Passed
6 Click the Announcements Announcement form will appear Passed
7 Click the Manage Manage button will appear Passed
8 Click the Option icon A Button will appear Passed
10 Click the Setting icon Setting form will appear Passed
11 Click the Logout icon Your account is now logged out Passed
75
3
2
4 6
5
7
8
9
10
11
12

Description: Check if the card can be loaded
Function: Reloading card
No.
1 Check if the reload card Icon is on Reload Card Icon is on the screen Passed
the screen
2 Input the Pass ID Pass ID is inserted Passed
3 Click the Search Icon Can be checked if the Pass ID is Passed
registered
4 Check the Previous balance Can view the Previous balance Passed
5 Select a price Price is selected Passed
6 Click the Process Balanced will be computed Passed
7 Check the Available balance Can view the Available balance Passed
The Load ID is automatically displayed

8 Enter load time Current time will be displayed Passed
9 Select a Date Current date will be displayed Passed
10 Check Staff ID Staff ID will be displayed Passed
11 Check the Cashier name Cashier name will be displayed Passed
12 Click the Load button Card will be loaded Passed
76

Description: Check if the content of the registrations is clickable
No. Result
1 Click the Passengers Passengers Registration Button will appear Passed
2 Click the Driver Registration Driver Registration form will appear Passed
3 Click the Boat Registration Boat Registration form will appear Passed
4 Click the Staff Registration Staff Registration form will appear Passed
5 Click Passenger Registration Registration Form will appear Passed
6 Click Passenger Confirmation Registration Confirmation Form Passed
77
18

Description: Check if the passenger is able to encode their personal information
Function: Passenger’s registration
No.
characters on the Pass ID textbox
2 Encode Last name on the textbox Last name is encoded Passed
3 Encode First name on the textbox First name is encoded Passed
4 Encode Town/Province on the Town/Province is encoded Passed
textbox
5 Encode Barangay on the textbox Barangay is entered Passed
6 Select a Gender Gender is selected Passed
characters on the Email textbox
8 Select a Month, date and year on a Month, date and year are selected Passed
birth date
9 Encode the Age Age is Encoded Passed
10 Encode emergency Contact Number Emergency Contact Number is Passed
encoded
11 Encode emergency contact Person Contact Person is encoded Passed
13 Encode Contact Number Contact number is encoded Passed
14 Select what type of passenger you Type of passenger is selected Passed
are
17 Encode Initial load Initial load is encoded Passed
18 Click the arrow The registration will be saved Passed
78

Function: Passenger’s Confirmation
No.
1 Enter and search Registration ID Accepts number ID and searches Passed
data
characters on the Pass ID textbox
Click the Search icon Registered passenger data will

display
4 Can edit information for accuracy Accurateness of data Passed
Encode Initial Load Card Loaded

characters on the Status textbox
6 Click save icon Registration will be saved Passed
Registration confirmation table Table is displayed

79

Description: Check if the Driver is able to encode their personal information
Function: Head Admin: Drivers’ registration
No. Result
Driver ID is not enabled Automatically displayed ID Passed

3 Input alphanumeric and special characters Accept alphanumeric characters Passed
on the Contact number textbox
on the Address textbox
on the Age textbox
6 Select a gender Gender is selected Passed
7 Click the arrow Drivers’ registration will be saved Passed
80

Description: Check if the registration of boat is working
Function: Head Admin: Boat registration
No. Result
Boat ID is not enabled Automatically displayed ID Passed
1 Input alphanumeric and special characters on Accept alphanumeric Passed

the Boat number textbox characters
2 Encode Boat name on the textbox Boat name is encoded Passed

the Boat seats textbox characters
4 Encode a name on the Boat owner textbox Boat owner’s name is encoded Passed

the Date of registration textbox characters
6 Click the arrow Boat’s registration will be Passed
saved
81

Description: Check if the Staff is able to encode their personal information
Function: Head Admin: Staff registration
Staff ID is not enabled Automatically displayed ID Passed
1 Encode what kind of staff you are on Type of staff is entered Passed
the textbox
2 Encode last name on the textbox Last name is encoded Passed
4 Input alphanumeric and special Accept alphanumeric Passed
characters on the username textbox characters
characters on the password textbox characters
characters on the Contact number characters
textbox
characters on the Birthdate textbox characters
8 Select gender Gender is selected Passed
9 Click the Save icon Staff registration is saved Passed
82
8 9
10

Description: Check if you can edit, save and show data of the schedules
Function: Schedules
No. Result
1 Click the Get ID The Sched ID is automatically Passed
displayed at the textbox
2 Select a day Day is selected Passed
4 Encode the current location Location is encoded Passed
on the Boat ID textbox
The boat number is automatically
Click the search logo displayed
on the Driver ID textbox
The driver’s name is automatically
Click the search icon displayed
7 Choose at the status The status is chosen Passed
8 Click the save icon The schedule is saved Passed
9 Click the edit icon Data will be updated Passed
10 Click the Show Data button to display The table will be displayed/The Passed
table/Click the Hide Data button to hide table table will hide
11 Click the Export schedule to work button The schedule records will be Passed
downloaded as word file
83
7
8
9
10

Description: Check if you can send a message to the system and make a reservation
Function: Reservations
No. Result
1 Encode the Email of Port Email is encoded Passed
2 Encode the subject Subject is encoded Passed

on the textbox
on the Message textbox
5 Click the send button The notification is sent Passed
on the Book ID textbox
Last Name and Date of Reservation
Click the search icon will be automatically displayed
7 Choose on the status The status is chosen Passed
9 Click the hide data button The table is not visible Passed
10 Click the export reservation button The Reservation records will be Passed
84

Description: Check if the content of reports is clickable
Function: Reports
1 Click the list of passengers Present list of passenger form Passed
2 Click the list of boats and drivers Present list of boats and drivers Passed
form
3 Click the list of Staffs Present list of staffs Form Passed
4 Click the audit Present Audit form Passed
85
3
1 2

Description: Check if the list of passenger data is on the screen
Function: List of Passenger data
1 Type the name of the Accepts alphanumeric characters Passed
Passenger on the textbox
2 Click the Search button The Passenger’s data will show Passed
Check the personal information All the personal information of the

of the passenger passenger is on the screen
3 Click the export record button List of passenger’s records will be Passed
downloaded as excel file
86
3
1 2
4

Description: Check if the list of boat and driver data is on the screen
Function: List of boat and driver
No. Result
1 Type the name of Driver and Boat on Accepts alphanumeric characters Passed
the textbox
2 Click the Search button The Driver and Boat records will show Passed
All the information of the Driver and the

Check the information of the Driver and boat is on the screen
the boat
3 Click the export boat button List of boats data will be downloaded as Passed
word file
4 Click the export driver button List of driver’s records will be Passed
87
3
1 2

Description: Check if the list of staff data is on the screen
Function: List of staff
No. Result
1 Type the name of the Staff on the Accepts alphanumeric characters Passed
textbox
2 Click the Search button The Staff records will show Passed
Check the information of the Staff All the information of the Staffs is can
be seen the screen
3 Click the export staff button List of staff’s records will be Passed
88

Description: Check if the list of Audit data is on the screen
Function: List of audits
No. Result
1 Type Load ID on the textbox Accepts alphanumeric characters
2 Click the Search button The Loaded cards record will show
All the information of the Loaded card is

Check the records of card loaded on the screen
3 Type Pass ID on the textbox Accepts alphanumeric characters
4 Click the Search button The Scanned cards record will show Passed
All the information of the Scanned cards

Check the records of Scanned Cards are on the screen
5 Click the Export Load Report button Load report records will be downloaded Passed
as word file
6 Click the Export Card Scan button Card scan records will be downloaded Passed
as word file
89

Description: Check if you can send an announcement to the passengers
Function: Announcements for the passenger
Item No. Step Expected Result Actual
Result
1 Type an Announcement Accepts alphanumeric characters Passed
2 Click the Post button The text will be saved and will be displayed on Passed
Passengers’ form

Description: Check if the content is enabled
Function: Managing Passenger
No. Result
1 Type the Pass ID on the textbox Pass ID is encoded Passed
2 Click the Search icon Data is automatically displayed Passed
90

Function: Managing Driver
No. Result
1 Encode the Driver ID on the textbox Driver ID is encoded Passed
2 Click the search icon The data is automatically displayed Passed
1 2

Function: Managing Boat Data
No. Result
1 Encode the Boat ID on the textbox Boat ID is encoded Passed
2 Click the search icon The data is automatically displayed Passed
91
1 2

Function: Managing Staff Data
No. Result
1 Encode the Staff ID on the textbox Staff ID is encoded Passed
2 Click the Search icon The data is automatically displayed Passed
92

Description: Check if you can update the fare
Function: Updating fare
1 Encode a new fare rate on the New fare rate is encoded Passed
textbox
2 Click the update The fare will be updated Passed
12

Description: Check if the information of the profile is on the screen
Function: Head Admin: Profile
1 Click the profile logo Profile form is displayed Passed
2 Click Update Profile button Update Profile form will display Passed
3 Staff ID is not enabled Staff ID is automatically displayed Passed
Encode Type of Staff Type of Staff is encoded

93

7 Create Username Username is encoded Passed
8 Create Password Password is encoded Passed
9 Encode Birth Date Birth Date is encoded Passed
10 Enter Age Age is entered Passed
11 Choose Gender Gender is displayed Passed
12 Click Save icon Profile is updated Passed
1
2
6
3

Description: Check if you can update the username and password at the settings
Function: Updating username and password
1 Click the Setting logo Setting form is displayed Passed
2 Click the Change password button current & new password textbox Passed
will appear
3 Encode the Current Password on Current password is encoded Passed
the textbox
4 Encode the New Password on the New password is encoded Passed
textbox
5 Click the save logo New password is saved Passed
6 Click the Change username button Current & New Username textbox Passed
94
will appear
7 Encode the current username on Current username is encoded Passed
the textbox
8 Encode the new username on the New username is encoded Passed
textbox
5 4

Description: Check if the card scanner is working
Function: Head Admin: Card scanner
No. Result
1 Click Card Scanner button Card Scanner form will be displayed Passed
2 Encode the Card ID on the textbox The Card ID is encoded Passed
Scan the card The Type of Passenger, Balance, and

Discount will appear
3 Click the process button The card balance will appear Passed
4 Click the done button Card balance is updated Passed
95
5 Click the Save button Transaction is saved at the reports Passed
4
2 3
5

Login for Head Admin
Function: Head Admin: Log in system
No.
screen
will appear
96
6 8
7 9
2
3

Function: Admin: Homepage
No.
2 Click the Schedule Schedule form will appear Passed
3 Click the Reservations Reservation form will appear Passed
4 Click the Reports Report’s button will appear Passed
5 Click the Announcements Announcement form will appear Passed
6 Click the Option icon A Button will appear Passed
97

No. Result
1 Click the Passengers Passengers Registration Button will appear Passed
2 Click the Driver Registration Driver Registration form will appear Passed
3 Click the Boat Registration Boat Registration form will appear Passed
4 Click the Staff Registration Staff Registration form will appear Passed
5 Click Passenger Registration Registration Form will appear Passed
6 Click Passenger Confirmation Registration Confirmation Form Passed
98
18

No. Result
on the Pass ID textbox
4 Encode Town/Province on the textbox Town/Province is encoded Passed
on the Email textbox
8 Select a Month, date and year on a birth Month, date and year are selected Passed
date
encoded
14 Select what type of passenger you are Type of passenger is selected Passed
on the Username textbox
on the Password textbox
99

No. Result
1 Enter and search Registration ID Accepts number ID and searches Passed
data
Click the Search icon Registered passenger data will

display

on the Status textbox

100

Description: Check if the Driver is able to encode their personal information
Function: Admin: Drivers’ registration
No. Result
Driver ID is not enabled Automatically displayed ID Passed

on the Contact number textbox
on the Address textbox
on the Age textbox
6 Select a gender Gender is selected Passed
7 Click the arrow Drivers’ registration will be saved Passed
101

Description: Check if the registration of boat is working
Function: Admin: Boat registration
No. Result
Boat ID is not enabled Automatically displayed ID Passed

the Boat number textbox characters
2 Encode Boat name on the textbox Boat name is encoded Passed
the Boat seats textbox characters
4 Encode a name on the Boat owner textbox Boat owner’s name is encoded Passed
the Date of registration textbox characters
6 Click the arrow Boat’s registration will be Passed
saved
102

Description: Check if the Staff is able to encode their personal information
Function: Admin: Staff registration
No. Result
Staff ID is not enabled Automatically displayed ID Passed
1 Encode what kind of staff you are on the textbox Type of staff is entered Passed
2 Encode last name on the textbox Last name is encoded Passed
4 Input alphanumeric and special characters on the Accept alphanumeric Passed
username textbox characters
password textbox characters
Contact number textbox characters
Birthdate textbox characters
8 Select gender Gender is selected Passed
9 Click the Save icon Staff registration is saved Passed
103
7
8 9
10

Description: Check if you can edit, save and show data of the schedules
Function: Schedules
No. Result
1 Click the Get ID The Sched ID is automatically Passed
displayed at the textbox
2 Select a day Day is selected Passed
4 Encode the current location Location is encoded Passed
on the Boat ID textbox
The boat number is automatically
Click the search logo displayed
on the Driver ID textbox
The driver’s name is automatically
Click the search icon displayed
7 Choose at the status The status is chosen Passed
8 Click the save icon The schedule is saved Passed
10 Click the Show Data button to display The table will be displayed/The Passed
table/Click the Hide Data button to hide table table will hide
11 Click the Export schedule to work button The schedule records will be Passed
104
5
6
8 10
9

Description: Check if you can send a message to the system and make a reservation
Function: Reservations
No. Result
1 Encode the Email of Port Email is encoded Passed
2 Encode the subject Subject is encoded Passed

on the textbox
on the Message textbox
5 Click the send button The notification is sent Passed
on the Book ID textbox
Last Name and Date of
Click the search icon Reservation will be automatically
displayed
7 Choose on the status The status is chosen Passed
9 Click the hide data button The table is not visible Passed
10 Click the export reservation button The Reservation records will be Passed
105

Description: Check if the content of reports is clickable
Function: Reports
1 Click the list of passengers Present list of passenger form Passed
2 Click the list of boats and drivers Present list of boats and drivers Passed
form
3 Click the list of Staffs Present list of staffs Form Passed
4 Click the audit Present Audit form Passed
106
3
1 2

Description: Check if the list of passenger data is on the screen
Function: List of Passenger data
1 Type the name of the Accepts alphanumeric characters Passed
Passenger on the textbox
2 Click the Search button The Passenger’s data will show Passed
Check the personal information All the personal information of the

of the passenger passenger is on the screen
3 Click the export record button List of passenger’s records will be Passed
downloaded as excel file
107
1 3
2
4

Description: Check if the list of boat and driver data is on the screen
Function: List of boat and driver
1 Type the name of Driver and Boat Accepts alphanumeric characters Passed
on the textbox
2 Click the Search button The Driver and Boat records will Passed
show
Check the information of the All the information of the Driver and
Driver and the boat the boat is on the screen
3 Click the export boat button List of boats data will be downloaded Passed
as word file
4 Click the export driver button List of driver’s records will be Passed
108
3
1 2

Description: Check if the list of staff data is on the screen
Function: List of staff
1 Type the name of the Staff on Accepts alphanumeric characters Passed
the textbox
2 Click the Search button The Staff records will show Passed
Check the information of the All the information of the Staffs is on

Staff the screen
3 Click the export staff button List of staff’s records will be Passed
109

Description: Check if the list of Audit data is on the screen
Function: List of audits
No. Result
1 Type Load ID on the textbox Accepts alphanumeric characters
2 Click the Search button The Loaded cards record will show
All the information of the Loaded card is

Check the records of card loaded on the screen
3 Type Pass ID on the textbox Accepts alphanumeric characters
4 Click the Search button The Scanned cards record will show Passed
All the information of the Scanned cards

Check the records of Scanned Cards is on the screen
5 Click the Export Load Report button Load report records will be downloaded Passed
as word file
6 Click the Export Card Scan button Card scan records will be downloaded Passed
as word file
110

Description: Check if you can send an announcement to the passengers
Function: Announcements for the passenger
1 Type an Announcement Accepts alphanumeric characters Passed
2 Click the Post button The typed announcement will be saved Passed
and will be displayed on Passengers’
form
111
12

Function: Admin: Profile

112
1
2
6
3

will appear
the textbox
textbox
6 Click the Change username button Current & New Username textbox Passed
will appear
the textbox
textbox
113
5 4

Description: Check if the card scanner is working
Function: Admin: Card scanner
1 Click Card Scanner Card Scanner form will be displayed Passed
button
2 Encode the Card ID on The Card ID is encoded Passed
the textbox
The Type of Passenger, Balance, and
Scan the card Discount will appear
3 Click the process button The card balance will appear Passed
4 Click the done button Card balance is updated Passed
5 Click the Save button Transaction is saved at the reports Passed
114
4
2 3
5

Description: Authenticate that the following objects/fields are present and functioning at Login
for Head Admin
Function: Cashier: Log in system

No.
screen
will appear
115
1 3 5
2

Function: Cashier: Homepage
1 Click the Cashier Reload Card form will display Passed
116
2 3
4
6
5
7
8
9
10
11
12

Description: Check if the card can be loaded
Function: Reloading card
No.
1 Check if the reload card Icon is on Reload Card Icon is on the screen Passed
the screen
2 Input the Pass ID Pass ID is inserted Passed
3 Click the Search Icon Can be checked if the Pass ID is Passed
registered
4 Check the Previous balance Can view the Previous balance Passed
5 Select a price Price is selected Passed
6 Click the Process Balanced will be computed Passed
7 Check the Available balance Can view the Available balance Passed
The Load ID is automatically

displayed
8 Enter load time Current time will be displayed Passed
9 Select a Date Current date will be displayed Passed
10 Check Staff ID Staff ID will be displayed Passed
11 Check the Cashier name Cashier name will be displayed Passed
12 Click the Load button Card will be loaded Passed
117

Function: Cashier: Registration
1 Click Passenger Registration Form will appear Passed

Registration
2 Click Passenger Registration Confirmation Form Passed
Confirmation
118
119
18

No. Result
4 Encode Town/Province on the textbox Town/Province is encoded Passed
on the Email textbox
8 Select a Month, date and year on a birth Month, date and year are selected Passed
date
encoded
14 Select what type of passenger you are Type of passenger is selected Passed
on the Username textbox
on the Password textbox
120

No. Result
1 Enter and search Registration ID Accepts number ID and searches data Passed

Registered passenger data will

Click the Search icon display

on the Status textbox

121

Function: Cashier: Profile

122
2 1
3 6

will appear
the textbox
textbox
6 Click the Change username button Current & New Username Passed
textbox will appear
the textbox
textbox
123
User Acceptance Testing
This user acceptance testing of the developed system consists of seven
(7) modules such as: (1) user’s login; (2) passenger management; (3) transaction
management; (4) booking a ticket; (5) managing the system settings; (6) reports;
and (7) e-mail notification for announcements that were tested by the
respondents.
Table 1
User Acceptance Testing of Binangonan Port Ticketing System

in terms of User’s Log in
1. User’s Login Test Result

1.1 provides restriction from unauthorized user Passed
1.2 automatically determine the type of user upon logging in Passed
Test Result Percentage 100%
Table 1 displays that item 1.1 "provides restriction from unauthorized
users", and item 1.2 "automatically determines the type of user upon logging in"
got a passed test result. As a result, Table 1 got a 100% passing test result.
Therefore, this implies that the User’s Login met all the requirements upon
testing the developed system.
Table 2

in terms of Passenger Management
2. Passenger Management Module Test Result

2.1 allows to add new passengers Passed
2.2 allows to register the RFID Card of passengers Passed
2.3 allows to view travel history Passed
2.4 allows to view load history Passed
124
Table 2 shows that the item 2.1 “allows to add new passengers”, 2.2
“allows to register the RFID Card of passengers”, 2.3 “allows to view travel
history”, and 2.4 “allows to view load history” gained a “Passed” test result.
Indicate that the developed system met all the requirements and functionality in
accessing the Passenger Management module upon using it.
Table 3

in terms of Transaction
3. Transaction Module Test Result

3.1 allows to process load in RFID Passed
3.2 allows to process payments Passed
3.3 allows to process a discount Passed
3.4 allows to process/book a ticket Passed
The item shows that 3.1 "allows to process load in RFID", 3.2 "allows to
process payments", 3.3 "allows to process a discount", and 3.4 "allows to
process a ticket". It indicates that the end users affirm the acceptance testing of
the transaction module as passed with a rate of 100%.
This result implies that all of the functions and different processes as well
as different transactions that are included in the Transaction module were met
during the assessment of the developed system.

125
Table 4

in terms of Booking
4. Booking Module Test Result

4.1 allows to pick route and time Passed
4.2 allows to make a reservation Passed
4.3 automatically receive a notifications after booking and Passed
reserve
4.4 allows to cancel reservation Passed
4.5 allows to rebook a ticket Passed
On table 4, the test results for 4.1 "allows to pick route and time", 4.2
"allows to make a reservation", 4.3 "allows to receive notifications after booking
and reserving", 4.4 "allows to cancel reservation", and 4.5 "allows to rebook a
ticket" were all 100% "Passed".
The result implies that the developed system met all the required
processes in the Booking Module. It shows that the different processes can be
properly accessed by the authorized user.
Table 5

in terms of System Settings
5. System Settings Test Result

5.1 allows to adding and editing boats and drivers Passed
5.2 allows to add edit fare Passed
5.3 allows to add and edit details of staff Passed
5.4 allows to add and change barangays Passed
5.5 allows to back-up the system and database Passed
126
On the table 5, the test result for 5.1 "allows to add and edit boats and
drivers", 5.2 "allows to add and edit fare", 5.3 "allows to add and edit details of
staff", 5.4 "allows to add and change barangays", and 5.5 "allows to back-up the
system and database". The acceptance testing of system settings by the end
user was passed with a total of 100%. Thus, the results indicated that the
developed system met all the required specifications and functionality in System
Settings.
Table 6

in terms of Report
6. Report Module Test Result

6.1 generating and/or printing of Audit trail Passed
6.2 generating and/or printing of travel records Passed
6.3 generating and/or printing of list of passengers Passed
6.4 generating and/or printing of collection report Passed
6.5 generating and/or printing of list of drivers Passed
It could be seen on the Table 6, 6.1. "generating and/or printing of audit
trail", 6.2. "generating and/or printing of travel records", 6.3. "generating and/or
printing of passenger list", 6.4. "generating and/or printing of collection of report",
and 6.5. "generating and/or printing of driver's list". In general, the user
acceptance testing of the Report module had "Passed" test results with a rate of
100%.
The result implies that the developed system met the requirements,
specifically on the reports generation, wherein the system can generate sales
reports, records, transactions, and audit trails.

127
Table 7

in terms of E-mail Notification
7. E-mail Notification Module Test Result

7.1 allows the admin to send an email to passengers Passed
7.2 Allows the passengers to receive email announcements Passed
The Table 7 shows that the item 7.1 “allows the admin to send an email to
passengers”, and item 7.2 “allows the passengers to receive email
announcements” obtained a “Passed” test result percentage.
This implies that the function and process in the E-mail Notification
Module were met. The process of sending emails and the process of posting
announcements for the passengers through their email accounts.
Table 8
Composite Table on the User Acceptance Testing of Binangonan Port Ticketing

System
Module Test Result

Percentage
1 User’s Login 100%
2 Passenger Management 100%
3 Transaction 100%
4 Booking 100%
5 System Settings 100%
6 Report 100%
7 E-mail Notification 100%
Average Test Result Percentage 100%
128
Table 8 shows the user acceptance testing criteria rating are as follows;
User’s Login 100%, Passenger Management 100%, Transaction 100%, Booking
100%, System Settings 100%, Report 100%, and E-mail Notification 100%.
In general, the overall test result of user acceptance testing of the
developed Binangonan Port Ticketing System is 100% passing rate.

129
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter provides the summary of findings, conclusions and
recommendation for the Binangonan Port Ticketing System
Summary of Findings
After the development, the project team performed quality assurance
testing on the developed framework, focusing on the particular developed system
features. In general, the results show that the system's necessary functionality in
providing the support in managing all the passenger’s undertakings is 100%.
The project team conducted user acceptance testing. Its criterion
assessed the system's functionality and requirements for each module. The test
resulted in a 100% pass rate, which indicates that all of the modules of the
developed Binangonan Port Ticketing were approved by the target users.
In detail, the system's user acceptance testing standards rating are as
follows; User’s Login 100%, Passengers Management 100%, Transactions
100%, Book Ticket 100%, System Settings 100%, Reports 100%, and E-mail
Notification 100%.
Generally, based on the achieved passed test results per module points,
the end user considered the developed system to be operative and functional for
the reason that it renders features that are reliable to satisfy their support needs.
130
Conclusion
Based on the findings and comments/feedback that were gathered in the
whole conduct of the project, the project team concluded that the developed
system is valuable to the port as it offers restrictions and security of handling the
system, proficiently manage the passengers in terms of reservations and
scheduling, booking a tickets, payment transactions, managing system settings,
generates and print system reports, and capable to sending email
announcements and notifications to passengers.
Since the developed system performed as expected and without problems
during regular use by the recipients, the project team achieved all of the project's
stated objectives which offers a support services for the passengers at the port
after following a methodical development and testing process.
Recommendations
In interpretation of the discussion of the summary of findings and
conclusions, the following recommendations are presented for additional
improvement of the system.
1. The Binangonan Port may implement the system for easier processing
and managing of data and transactions
2. Improving the systems interface by making it more adaptive and easier to
navigate for the better experience of the end-users.
3. Similar projects may be conducted considering additional functionalities
such as making it an application that would be valued to the association.

131
4. Follow-up studies may be conducted to test the effectiveness of the
developed system.
132
BIBLIOGRAPHY
133
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Cloud). I-SMAC, 828-833
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Transportation: An Economic and Management Approach to Urban Transit
Systems. New York City: Trafford Publishing.
Sarkar, C., Treurniet, J. J., Narayana, S., Prasad, T. V., de Boer, W. (2017).
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Shen, J., Duan, H., Zhang, B., Wang, J., Ji, J. S., Wang, J., ... Shi, X. (2020).
Environmental Pollution, 115291
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flexible radio frequency identification (RFID) tag sensors for the internet of
nano things. RSC advances, 7(77), 48597-48630.
Varun, K. & Suhas, P. (2018) Fool Proof ticketing System for public transport 3 rd
International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems
(ICCES), 56-60
Wamba, F., Gunasekaran, S., Bhattacharya, A., M., & Dubey, R. (2016).
Determinants of RFID adoption intention by SMEs: An empirical
investigation. Production Planning & Control, 27(12), 979–990.
Zeng, W., Fu, C. W., Arisona, S. M., Erath, A., & Qu, H. (2014). Visualizing
mobility of public transportation system. IEEE transactions on visualization
and computer graphics, 20(12), 1833-1842.
B. INTERNET
Abadilla, E. V. (2020). PPA rolling out automated ticketing in 2021, Retrieved

June 05, 2021, from https://mb.com.ph/2020/09/23/ppa-rolling-out-
automated-ticketing-in-2021/?amp
Ellison, R. B. (2017). Smartcard and other Electronic Ticketing have more

Integral to Modern Public Transport Systems, Retrieved October 2020,
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Gomez, A. A. (2020). In the fight against COVID-19, public transport should be

the hero, not the villain, Retrieved May 31, 2021, from
https://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/fight-against-covid-19-public-
transport-should-be-hero-not-villain
Liukkonen. (2015). Research Advantages of Radio Frequency Identification,

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%27abongo_Determinants%20and%20adoption%20of%20transaction
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sequence=1&isAllowed=y
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Bustillo, N. V., Cendana, D. I., and Palaoag, T. D. (2017), E-purse transit pass:
The potential of public transport smart card system in the Philippines,
2017 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer and
Communications (ICCC), 2786-2790.
Oloyede, M.O., Alaya S.M., Adewole, K.S. (2014). Development of an Online Bus
Ticket Reservation System for a Transportation Service in Nigeria.
D. JOURNAL
Attaran, M. (2012). Critical success factors and challenges of implementing RFID

in supply chain management. Journal of Supply Chain and Operations
Management. 10. 144-167.
Reyes, P. M., Li, S., & Visich, J. K. (2016). Determinants of RFID adoption stage
and perceived benefits. European Journal of Operational Research,
254(3), 801–812.
Sathish, M. T., & Sudha, G. (2020). Integration of Digitalisation in Road

Transport: The Impact of E–Ticketing. EPRA International Journal of
Research and Development (IJRD), 5, 260-263. doi:
https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2016
Zhu, X. & Mukhopadhyay, Samar & Kurata, H. (2012). A review of RFID

technology and its managerial applications in different industries. Journal
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135
APPENDICES
136
APPENDIX A
Gantt Chart of Activities

137
APPENDIX B
Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Binangonan, Rizal
College of Computer Studies
PROJECT TEAM ASSIGNMENT FORM

⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
Team Alias S.C.I.M.M

Subject
Alking P. Sunga
Teacher
Name and Mobile

Role Email address
Signature Number
Vergara, Iris victoriavergara1406@
Programmer 09750317552
Victoria gmail.com
Sibunal, Maria mariacatherenecormin
System Analyst 09292849541
Catherene alsibunal@gmail.com
Villegas,
samanthaysabel27@g
Samantha Project Manager 09194880135
mail.com
Ysabel
Quality michaelalego922@gm
Lego, Michaela 09501892959
Assurance / Tester ail.com
Magpantay, Documenter / christianmagpantayxx
09156796885
Christian Technical Writer @gmail.com
Approved by:
ALKING P. SUNGA
Subject Instructor
138
APPENDIX C

Binangonan, Rizal

⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥ COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES ⬥
APPROVED PROJECT TITLE FORM
Project Team:
1. LEGO, MICHAELA
2. MAGPANTAY, CHRISTIAN
3. SIBUNAL, MARIA CATHERENE
4. VERGARA, IRIS VICTORIA
5. VILLEGAS, SAMANTHA YSABEL
Approved Project Title:
BINANGONAN PORT TICKETING SYSTEM
Recommending Approval:
ALKING P. SUNGA, MSIT

Capstone Project Instructor
Date: October 8, 2020

Approved:
JOY SG CRUZ, PhD. (Cand)
Dean, CCS
Date: October 8, 2020

139
APPENDIX D
Letter of Acceptance of the Adviser and Panel

Binangonan, Rizal

October 19, 2020
PROF. JAYSON A. DALUYON, DIT (CAR)

Faculty
This University
Dear Sir:
In consideration of your qualifications in the field of research, the College Research

Council represented by the undersigned, upon recommendations of Research Professor
has approved your appointment as Jayson A. Daluyon, DIT (CAR).
The following are the responsibilities of the project adviser:

▪ Meets the team regularly (as per scheduled, NOTE: the team must seek proper
appointment) to answer questions and help resolve issues and conflicts.
▪ Points out errors in the development work, in the analysis, or in the
documentation. The adviser must remind the Proponents to do their work
properly.
▪ Reviews thoroughly all deliverables at every stage of the Capstone Project, to
ensure that they meet the college standards.
The students who shall be under your scrutiny include:
Names Course
LEGO, MICHAELA T. BSIT
MAGPANTAY, CHRISTIAN C. BSIT
SIBUNAL, MARIA CATHERENE C. BSIT
VERGARA, IRIS VICTORIA D. BSIT
VILLEGAS, SAMANTHA YSABEL O. BSIT
This project proposal is entitled BINANGONAN PORT TICKETING SYSTEM
Thank you for your usual support to the research program/s of the College.
Very truly yours, Conformed:
ALKING P. SUNGA, MSIT JAYSON A. DALUYON, DIT (CAR)

Research Instructor Project Adviser
140
APPENDIX D

Binangonan, Rizal

November 27, 2020
PROF. BABY EUNICE M. CABALTERA, MSIT

Faculty
This University
Dear Sir:
In consideration of your qualifications in the field of research, the College

Research Council represented by the undersigned, upon recommendations of
Research Professor has approved your appointment as Baby Eunice M.
Cabaltera, MSIT.
The following are the responsibilities of the Chairman:

▪ Brief the Proponents about the Project Proposal and Oral Defense
program during the actual Project Proposal and Oral Defense.
▪ Issue the verdict. The verdict is a unanimous decision among the three
members of the Capstone Project Proposal and Oral Defense panel.
Once issued, it is final and irrevocable.
Names Course
ALKING P. SUNGA, MSIT BABY EUNICE M. CABALTERA, MSIT

Research Instructor Panel Chairman
141
APPENDIX D

Binangonan, Rizal

November 27, 2020
PROF. ERNAN P. DE JESUS, MSIT

Faculty
This University
Dear Sir:

Council represented by the undersigned, upon recommendations of Research
Professor has approved your appointment as Ernan P. De Jesus, MSIT.
The following are the responsibilities of the Panel Member:

▪ Validate the endorsement of the adviser. The panel serves as "Internal
Auditors", putting some form of check and control on the kinds of Capstone
Projects being approved by the College.
▪ Evaluate the deliverables.
▪ Recommend a verdict.
▪ Listen and consider the request of the adviser and/or the Proponents.
▪ Nominate a Capstone Project for the Outstanding Capstone Project Award.
Names Course
ALKING P. SUNGA, MSIT ERNAN P. DE JESUS, MSIT

Research Instructor Panel Member
142
APPENDIX D

Binangonan, Rizal

November 27, 2020
PROF. ANGELUZET M. TONIDO, MSIT

Faculty
This University
Dear Sir:

Council represented by the undersigned, upon recommendations of Research
Professor has approved your appointment as Angeluzet M. Tonido, MSIT.
The following are the responsibilities of the Panel Member:

▪ Validate the endorsement of the adviser. The panel serves as "Internal
Auditors", putting some form of check and control on the kinds of Capstone
Projects being approved by the College.
▪ Evaluate the deliverables.
▪ Recommend a verdict.
▪ Listen and consider the request of the adviser and/or the Proponents.
▪ Nominate a Capstone Project for the Outstanding Capstone Project Award.
Names Course
ALKING P. SUNGA, MSIT ANGELUZET M. TONIDO, MSIT

Research Instructor Panel Member
143
APPENDIX E

Binangonan, Rizal
 COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES  COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES  COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES  COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES  COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES  COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES 
LETTER FOR SCHEDULE OF DEFENSE
JUNE 03, 2021
SIR/MADAM:
In consideration of your qualifications in the field of study, and upon the

recommendations of the Research/Capstone Project Instructor has approved your
appointment to perform the following functions:
Name Conforme Date

Adviser Jayson A. Daluyon, DIT (CAR)
Panel Member Angeluzet M. Tonido, MSIT
Panel Member Ernan P. De Jesus, MSIT
Panel Chairman Baby Eunice M. Cabaltera, MSIT
The students who shall be under your guidance and scrutiny include:
Name Course
1. Lego, Michaela T. BSIT
2. Magpantay, Christian C. BSIT
3. Sibunal, Maria Catherene C. BSIT
4. Vergara, Iris Victoria D. BSIT
5. Villegas, Samantha Ysabel O. BSIT
They shall defend their Capstone Project entitled BINANGONAN PORT TICKETING
SYSTEM on June 03, 2021 – 3:00PM to 5:00PM via Google Meet as partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Information Technology.
Thank you for your support and cooperation.
Very truly yours, Noted by:
MARTHEA ANDREA O. DALUYON, DIT (CAR) JOY SG. CRUZ, PHD (Cand.)
Subject Instructor College Dean
144
APPENDIX F
User Acceptance Testing Instrument

Binangonan, Rizal

April 26, 2021
Dear Sir/Madam,
The undersigned is currently conducting a study entitled “Binangonan Port

Ticketing System” as part of the requirements to earn the Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology at University of Rizal System Binangonan Campus.
In line with this, may we request you to be one of the respondents to assess the
user acceptance level of the developed system.
Hoping for your consideration and favorable response on this matter.
Very truly yours,
MICHAELA T. LEGO
CHRISTIAN C. MAGPANTAY
MARIA CATHERENE C. SIBUNAL
IRIS VICTORIA D. VERGARA
SAMANTHA YSABEL O. VILLEGAS
Noted by:
JAYSON A. DALUYON, DIT (CAR)

Capstone Project Adviser

145

Binangonan, Rizal

USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING
BINANGONAN PORT TICKETING SYSTEM
Part I. PERSONAL DATA
Name (optional): ____________________________________________
Part II. USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING
Directions: Rate the presentation of each of the criteria by checking the passed or failed
box to determine the user acceptance of the developed System.
Passed Failed
1. User’s Login
The user’s login …
1.1 provides restriction from unauthorized user
automatically determine the type of user upon
1.2
logging in
2. Passenger Management Module

The passenger management module …
allows to add new passengers
2.1
allows to register the RFID Card of passengers
2.2
allows to view travel history
2.3
allows to view load history
2.4
146
3. Transaction Module
The transaction module …
allows to process load in RFID
3.1
allows to process payments
3.2
allows to process a discount
3.3
allows to process/book a ticket
3.4
4. Booking Module
The booking module …
allows to pick route and time
4.1
allows to make a reservation
4.2
automatically receive a notifications after booking and
4.3 reserve
allows to cancel reservation
4.4
allows to rebook a ticket
4.5
5. System Settings
The system settings module …
allows to adding and editing boats and drivers
5.1
allows to add edit fare
5.2
allows to add and edit details of staff
5.3
allows to add and change barangays
5.4
allows to back-up the system and database
5.5
6. Report Module
The report module allows…
generating and/or printing of Audit trail
6.1
generating and/or printing of travel records
6.2
generating and/or printing of list of passengers
6.3
generating and/or printing of collection report
6.4
generating and/or printing of list of drivers
6.5
generating and/or printing of list of staff
6.6
147
7. E-mail Notification Module

The e-mail notification module …
allows the admin to send an email to passengers
7.1
Allows the passengers to receive email
7.2 announcements
148
CURRICULUM VITAE
149
MARIA CATHERENE SIBUNAL

#84 Sitio SapangpilaBrgy. Sanjuan Taytay, Rizal
mariacatherenecorminalsibunal@gmail.com
Educational Background
Name of School Year Attended
College: University of Rizal System - Binangonan 2018 - Present

Course: BS Information Technology
Senior High: Ama Computer Learning Center (ACLC) 2016-2018
High School: Taytay National High School 2012-2016
Elementary: Capt. Jose Cardones Mem. Elementary School 2006-2012
Seminar and Training Attended
HIV AWARENESS
University of Rizal System Binangonan Campus
November 19, 2019
Organization/s Affiliation
Organization Name: Tech Comm

Position: Member, 2019-Present
Organization Name: i-Connect Student Society

Organization Name: College of Computer Studies – Student Body

150
MICHAELA LEGO
Blk. 17 Egypt St., Bagong Pag-asa. Brgy.
Sta. Ana, Taytay, Rizal
michaelalego922@gmail.com

High School: Manuel I. Santos Memorial National High School 2012-2016
Elementary: Bagong Pag-asa Elementary School 2006-2012
Adobe Photoshop
December 7, 2018
DICT Cybersecurity Caravan
Sweet Harmony Gardens, Taytay Rizal
January 26, 2018


151
CHRISTIAN C. MAGPANTAY
#158 Sampaguita St. Navotas, Cardona, Rizal
christianmagpantayxx@gmail.com


Senior High: Catalino D. Salazar National High Schol SHS 2016-2018
High School: Catalino D. Salazar National High School 2012-2016
Elementary: Navotas Elementary School 2006-2012
URSB DPC Webinar

November 5, 2020

Position: Treasurer, 2019-Present
Organization Name: College of Computer Studies Publication

Position: Editor-in-chief, 2019-2020


152
IRIS VICTORIA VERGARA

#33 Rupee St. Meralco Village Brgy. San
Juan, Taytay, Rizal
victoriavergara1406@gmail.com

High School: Taytay National High School 2012-2016
Elementary: Muzon Elementary School 2006-2012
HIV AWARENESS
November 19, 2019



153
SAMANTHA YSABEL VILLEGAS

Blk 3 Lot 3 and 4 DecastroSubd. Tanay,
Rizal
samanthaysabel@gmail.com

Senior High: STI College Tanay 2016-2018
High School: Marciana P CatolosMemorial 2012-2016
National High School
Elementary: Simeon R. Bendana Sr. Memorial 2006-2012
Elementary School
HIV AWARENESS
November 19, 2019


154


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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

The transportation system in the Philippines is an important component in

the development of areas in different cities. Public transportation plays a

significant role in shortening commuter journey times and improving their

experience. However, the development of public transportation within the

developing context is experiencing inefficient operations, service delays, and

poor service quality. Also, transportation is crucial to the development of the

One of the important components of public transportation operations is the

and provide a secure payment environment for passengers. Advanced

technology helps to enhance the customer experience; adaption of smart

payment schemes allows integrating ticketing to enhance the quality of public

transportation services. Particularly, it aims to provide planning and policy

recommendations on smartcard uptake and integrated ticketing for improving

public transportation provision management.

Innovation in ticketing systems should attract more public transport

passenger satisfaction. The accessibility of public transport in general is

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the smart payment

transportation. It is currently making a huge difference in the transportation sector

Upgraded existing processes will be beneficial for the process of making

transportation more accessible for passengers. Improvements to the fare system

will help the community to have a cashless payment method on public

transportation, and it has big implications for passengers throughout.

Binangonan Port is located in Binangonan, Rizal. It is composed of 23

barangays on the mainland and 17 barangays on the island. Before the

pandemic started, boats could carry up to 40 passengers from the different

With the mentioned changes, the project team were encouraged to

propose a system that helped the passengers in Binangonan still be able to

cashless, which follows the safety protocols in the event of a pandemic.

Objective of the Project

The general objective of the project is to design and develop the

Binangonan Port Ticketing System at Binangonan Port.

Specifically, this project aims:

1. To determine the quality assurance testing of the developed

2. To determine the user acceptance testing of the developed

system using the user acceptance criteria.

Scope and Limitation of the Project

This capstone project focuses on the design and development of the

passengers to have an easy way of transportation to the Binangonan Port that is

located in the province of Rizal.

The developed system is a web-based system that helps passengers

have enough amount, the passenger can reload the card.

monitors the Passengers’ booked tickets and transactions; the Cashier is

Significance of the Project

The result of the project would be extremely notable to the beneficiaries,

Passengers. The project was important to the passengers because it

through the use of the system, they could save time.

experience in how to develop a system. Also, it made them understand the

importance of information technology systematically in communities.

The following terminologies are operationally described in order to provide

a mutual understanding of this project:

and vice versa.

going to the mainland in Binangonan, Rizal.

Reservation. It is one of the features that is included in the developed

system wherein it arranges and accepts a passenger to reserve and secure a

RFID Radio-frequency identification. The modern ticketing tool is used for

reliable transportation and a wireless, non-contact use of radio frequency waves

passengers can pay cashless.

User Acceptance Testing. It is where the end-users partake in the testing

Quality Assurance Testing. It is a procedure that helps the project team to

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

Public transportation provides commuters with convenient ways to reach