What is the BOS

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1. Solar Batteries

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Cont.. Solar Batteries
Types of solar battery

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Cont.. Solar Batteries

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Cont.. Solar Batteries

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2. Charge Controller

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Cont.. Charge Controller

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Cont.. Charge Controller

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3. Inverter

- bi-directional inverter is
the one that not only
performs the DC to AC
conversion, but also
performs the conversion
of AC power to DC.

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Cont.. Inverter

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Cont.. Inverter

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Cont.. Inverter
Types of inverter:

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Example of Central Inverter

1MW ABB Central

Inverter 13
Litar Dalaman Inverter

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Litar Dalaman Inverter

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Litar Dalaman Inverter

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Solar Inverter Datasheet

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Minimum Ingress Protection (IP) Rating
IP stands for Ingress Protection marking. The first digit refers to protection level against solid foreign
objects, typically dust. The second digit refers to protection against water.

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4. PV Protection System
- Consist of several items:
• Fuse
• Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
• Surge Protection Device (SPD)
• Grounding
• Diode

- All item should be place in DC connection box and

AC distribution box
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Fuse

• With Switch or without Switch.

• Switch = convenient for maintenance
• Fuse = cheaper

Fuse Holder * Socomec PV Fuse

* Socomec Modular Fuse

* Sirco 3 poles

* Fuse
Fuse

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Circuit Breaker (CB)

• System On / Off Sequences

• On DC, then on AC
• Off AC, then off DC
 Maintenance, Diagnosis

• Protect from: Short Circuit Switch

 Fire, Electrocution
* Schneider C60PV-DC

• Protect: System, Human

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Circuit Breaker (CB)

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Surge Protection Device (SPD)
• Protect from: “Do not replace SPD with Fuse”
• Lightning strike
• Protect:
• DC (PV Array & Inverter)
• AC (Inverter)
• Installed Location:
• before Inverter (DC)

• after Inverter (AC)

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Surge Protection Device (SPD)

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Surge Protection Device (SPD)

DC side AC side

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Array junction, DC connection and AC distribution box
• Fungsi:

- Array junction box

semua kabel string dikumpul dan
disambung untuk dikeluarkan satu
set kabel positif dan negative untuk
disambung ke inverter

- DC connection and AC distribution box

Menyimpan alat perlindungan pemutus litar dan SPD

3 IN 1 OUT 3 Strings Ways 16A 1000V DC Solar PV

Array Power Combiner Box Junction Box 27
5. Grounding
• It is crucial that there be no more than one ground
connection to the dc grounded conductor of a PV
system.

• Protect against: ground fault

• Interrupt fault currents
• Open circuit between array and load (inverter shutdown)
6. Blocking Diodes
• Prevent reverse flow of current
• DC-DC power flow from “high to low”
• Panel Failure/Shading (low production) will attract current
from other panels

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7. Bypass Diode
• used as an alternative path for current to flow incase faulty module.
• could prevent hot spot in the module
• Diode are semiconductor which allow current to flow in one direction only.
• If the cell / module is shaded / defective, the polarity is reversed, causing the diode
to conduct (shunt) any current flow.

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8. Solar cable
Characteristic of solar cable
• Double insulated with multi-strand core
• DC rated
• UV resistant
• Multi-strand (flexible type)
• Fire@flame retardant
• Resistance to deformation
• Weathering and abrasion resistance
• Saiz kabel bergantung kepada rekabentuk sistem. Minima 2.5
mm2 untuk kabel biasa dan 10 mm2 untuk kabel pembumian.
• Properly clamped (proper crimping tool).

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Solar cable design

Source: Lapp Kabel 32

MC4 connector

Source: Lapp Kabel 33

MC4 – crimp pin to wire

Source: Lapp Kabel 34

MC4 – assemble the connector

Source: Lapp Kabel 35

9. Meter
- the function is to record the amount of AC energy generated by a system

analog kWh meter Digital three phase

digital kWh meter kWh meter

Source: Lapp Kabel 36

10. Array mounting structure
- to hold and support PV modules
- types of mounting structure:
• Free-standing • Building-Integrated Photovoltaic(BIPV)

• Retrofitted • Tracking

Source: Lapp Kabel 37